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Lara KEA, Linares JCC, Montilla JAP, Román PÁL. Factors influencing gait performance in older adults in a dual-task paradigm. GeroScience 2024; 46:3071-3083. [PMID: 38190081 PMCID: PMC11009214 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive interference through a dual-task (DT) paradigm on gait parameters by sex or other predictive variables, such as physical fitness, health status, and cognition. A total of 125 older adults joined in this study (age, 72.42 ± 5.56 years old; 28 men and 97 women). The DT paradigm was evaluated through Comfortable Linear Gait (CLG) and Complex Gait Test (CGT). The gait parameters between single task (ST) vs. DT condition in men showed a significant reduction in speed (p < 0.001), cadence (p < 0.001), and step length (p = 0.049) and increased time to execute the CGT (p < 0.001), while women showed a decreased speed (p = 0.014), cadence (p < 0.001), and double support coefficient variation (CV) (p = 0.024) and increased single support time (p < 0.001) and CV step length (p < 0.05). In addition, women increased CGT time (p < 0.001). Furthermore, correlations between DT cost (DTC) cadence vs. Physical Activity for Elderly questionnaire (PASE) (r = - 0.399; p = 0.008), DTC single support vs. 30 s Sit to Stand Test (r = - 0.356; 0.016), DTC single support vs. Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Learning curve (r = - 0.335; p = 0.023), DTC double support vs. 30 s Sit to Stand Test (r = - 0.590; p < 0.001), DTC CV step length vs. 30 s Sit to Stand (r = - 0.545; p = 0.003), and DTC CGT vs. 30 s Sit to Stand Test (r = - 0.377; p = 0.048) were found. The results of our study indicate that the gait parameters within the DT condition decreased speed and cadence, while increasing CV step length and CGT time, causing slower gait with shortened steps in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Elizabeth Andrade Lara
- Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas, S/N.,, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - José Carlos Cabrera Linares
- Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas, S/N.,, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Párraga Montilla
- Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas, S/N.,, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Pedro Ángel Latorre Román
- Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas, S/N.,, 23071, Jaén, Spain
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Goto M, Murata S, Hori M, Nemoto K, Kamatgata K, Aoki S, Abe O, Sakamoto H, Sakano Y, Kyogoku S, Daida H. Using modulated and smoothed data improves detectability of volume difference in group comparison, but reduces accuracy with atlas-based volumetry using Statistical Parametric Mapping 12 software. Acta Radiol 2022; 63:814-821. [PMID: 34279134 DOI: 10.1177/02841851211032442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atlas-based volumetry using three-dimensional T1-weighted (3D-T1W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used previously to evaluate the volumes of intracranial tissues. PURPOSE To evaluate the detectability of volume difference and accuracy for volumetry using smoothed data with an atlas-based method. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty healthy individuals and 24 patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) underwent 3-T MRI, and sagittal 3D-T1W images were obtained in all participants. Signal values (as tissue probability) of voxels in five segmented data types (gray matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid [CSF], skull, soft tissue) derived from the 3D-T1W images with SPM 12 software were assigned simulated 3D-T1W signal intensities to each tissue image. The assigned data were termed "reference data." We created a reference 3D-T1W image that included the reference data of all five tissue types. Standard volumes were measured for the reference CSF data with region of interest of lateral ventricle in native space, and measured volumes were obtained for non-smoothed and smoothed-modulated data. Detectability was evaluated between measured volumes in the healthy control and iNPH groups. Accuracy was evaluated as the difference between the mean measured and standard volumes. RESULTS In group comparison of measured volumes between the healthy control and iNPH groups, the lowest P value was for smoothed-modulated CSF data. In both groups, the largest difference from the standard volume was found for the mean of the measured volumes for smoothed-modulated CSF data. CONCLUSION Our study shows that using smoothed data can improve detectability in group comparison. However, using smoothed data reduces the accuracy of volumetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Goto
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syo Murata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hori
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Kamatgata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Sakamoto
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Sakano
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kyogoku
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Goto M, Karima R, Hagiwara A, Hori M, Kamagata K, Aoki S, Abe O. Measured volumes using segmented tissue probability data obtained using statistical parametric mapping 12 were not influenced by the contrasts of analyzed images. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:69-75. [PMID: 32007376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in measured volumes using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) 12 caused by contrast changes in magnetic resonance (MR) image. Twenty-one healthy subjects participated in the study. From all subjects, 3D T1-weighted images (T1WIs) were obtained using a 3T scanner. In the first step of creating reference volume data, we used SPM12 to binarize all the segmented data. In the second step, we assigned simulated 3D-T1WI signal intensities to each tissue image and used the following values. The last step was integration of each tissue image to generate 3D-T1WI simulated reference volume data for each participant. To create the reference 3D-T1WIs with various contrasts from the reference volume data, we varied the signal intensity of gray matter from 900 to 600, 700, 1100, 1300, and 1400. The reference 3D-T2WI was acquired using the method used for 3D-T1WIs. Then, six 3D-T1WIs were processed using intrasubject bias-correction processing with SPM12, resulting in six new 3D-T1WIs of nonuniform signal intensities. Thirteen volume data sets were segmented into native-space tissue probability data using SPM12. Examination of the 3D data without nonuniform signal intensity showed that significant differences in measured volumes were not observed on repeated analysis of variance, but examination of the 3D data with nonuniform signal intensity did show significant differences in measured volumes in gray matter and CSF but not in white matter. Measured volumes using segmented tissue probability data obtained using SPM12 were not influenced by the contrasts of analyzed images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Goto
- Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Ryota Karima
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Akifumi Hagiwara
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hori
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
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Halkur Shankar S, Ballal S, Shubha R. Study of normal volumetric variation in the putamen with age and sex using magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Anat 2017; 30:461-466. [PMID: 28281277 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Putamen volume is seen to alter in neurological and psychiatric disorders like Parkinson's disease, depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and in individuals treated with antipsychotics. To establish a trend in volume changes in pathologic states, studies on factors influencing normal variation in a given population become essential. This study aimed to evaluate the normal variations in putamen volume in the Indian population and correlate them with the effects of age and sex. Bilateral symmetry was also evaluated. The study included MR images of 98 individuals aged 10-87 years. Axial sections of T2-weighted spin echo sequences were used to estimate putamen volume. The putamen was delineated manually and its volume was estimated using Cavalieri's principle. Linear regression and paired t-test were used to analyze data. Bilateral putamen volume reduced with age in both sexes. This was statistically significant (P < 0.05) except for the left putamen volume in males. There was no significant age-adjusted effect of sex on putamen volume in both hemispheres (P > 0.05). Age and sex interaction was not found to be statistically significant. Hemispherical asymmetry was not established as the difference between the right and left putamen volume did not reach statistical significance in both males and females (P > 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated an age related decline in the volumes of both putamen in males and females. The rate of volume reduction was not affected by sex. The study failed to establish a significant sex difference and hemispherical asymmetry in putamen volume. Clin. Anat. 30:461-466, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandeep Ballal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R Shubha
- Department of Anatomy, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Elkattan A, Mahdy A, Eltomey M, Ismail R. A Study of volumetric variations of basal nuclei in the normal human brain by magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Anat 2017; 30:175-182. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.22813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Elkattan
- Department of Anatomy; Tanta University of Medical Sciences; Tanta Egypt
| | - Amal Mahdy
- Department of Anatomy; Tanta University of Medical Sciences; Tanta Egypt
| | - Mohamed Eltomey
- Department of Radiology; Tanta University of Medical Sciences; Tanta Egypt
| | - Radwa Ismail
- Department of Anatomy; Tanta University of Medical Sciences; Tanta Egypt
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Goldstone A, Mayhew SD, Przezdzik I, Wilson RS, Hale JR, Bagshaw AP. Gender Specific Re-organization of Resting-State Networks in Older Age. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:285. [PMID: 27932978 PMCID: PMC5122714 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is commonly associated with changes in both brain structure and function. Recently, the suggestion that alterations in brain connectivity may drive disruption in cognitive abilities with age has been investigated. However, the interaction between the effects of age and gender on the re-organization of resting-state networks is not fully understood. This study sought to investigate the effect of both age and gender on intra- and inter-network functional connectivity (FC) and the extent to which resting-state network (RSN) node definition may alter with older age. We obtained resting-state functional magnetic resonance images from younger (n = 20) and older (n = 20) adults and assessed the FC of three main cortical networks: default mode (DMN), dorsal attention (DAN), and saliency (SN). Older adults exhibited reduced DMN intra-network FC and increased inter-network FC between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and nodes of the DAN, in comparison to younger participants. Furthermore, this increase in ACC-DAN inter-network FC with age was driven largely by male participants. However, further analyses suggested that the spatial location of ACC, bilateral anterior insula and orbitofrontal cortex RSN nodes changed with older age and that age-related gender differences in FC may reflect spatial re-organization rather than increases or decreases in FC strength alone. These differences in both the FC and spatial distribution of RSNs between younger and older adults provide evidence of re-organization of fundamental brain networks with age, which is modulated by gender. These results highlight the need to further investigate changes in both intra- and inter-network FC with age, whilst also exploring the modifying effect of gender. They also emphasize the difficulties in directly comparing the FC of RSN nodes between groups and suggest that caution should be taken when using the same RSN node definitions for different age or patient groups to investigate FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Goldstone
- Birmingham University Imaging Centre (BUIC), School of Psychology, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK; Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo ParkCA, USA
| | - Stephen D Mayhew
- Birmingham University Imaging Centre (BUIC), School of Psychology, University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK
| | - Izabela Przezdzik
- Birmingham University Imaging Centre (BUIC), School of Psychology, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rebecca S Wilson
- Birmingham University Imaging Centre (BUIC), School of Psychology, University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK
| | - Joanne R Hale
- Birmingham University Imaging Centre (BUIC), School of Psychology, University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew P Bagshaw
- Birmingham University Imaging Centre (BUIC), School of Psychology, University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK
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Goto M, Abe O, Aoki S, Hayashi N, Miyati T, Takao H, Matsuda H, Yamashita F, Iwatsubo T, Mori H, Kunimatsu A, Ino K, Yano K, Ohtomo K. Influence of parameter settings in voxel-based morphometry 8. Using DARTEL and region-of-interest on reproducibility in gray matter volumetry. Methods Inf Med 2014; 54:171-8. [PMID: 25345402 DOI: 10.3414/me14-01-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether reproducibility of gray matter volumetry is influenced by parameter settings for VBM 8 using Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration Through Exponentiated Lie Algebra (DARTEL) with region-of-interest (ROI) analyses. METHODS We prepared three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (3D-T1WIs) of 21 healthy subjects. All subjects were imaged with each of five MRI systems. Voxel-based morphometry 8 (VBM 8) and WFU PickAtlas software were used for gray matter volumetry. The bilateral ROI labels used were those provided as default settings with the software: Frontal Lobe, Hippocampus, Occipital Lobe, Orbital Gyrus, Parietal Lobe, Putamen, and Temporal Lobe. All 3D-T1WIs were segmented to gray matter with six parameters of VBM 8, with each parameter having between three and eight selectable levels. Reproducibility was evaluated as the standard deviation (mm³) of measured values for the five MRI systems. RESULTS Reproducibility was influenced by 'Bias regularization (BiasR)', 'Bias FWHM', and 'De-noising filter' settings, but not by 'MRF weighting', 'Sampling distance', or 'Warping regularization' settings. Reproducibility in BiasR was influenced by ROI. Superior reproducibility was observed in Frontal Lobe with the BiasR1 setting, and in Hippocampus, Parietal Lobe, and Putamen with the BiasR3*, BiasR1, and BiasR5 settings, respectively. CONCLUSION Reproducibility of gray matter volumetry was influenced by parameter settings in VBM 8 using DARTEL and ROI. In multi-center studies, the use of appropriate settings in VBM 8 with DARTEL results in reduced scanner effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goto
- Masami Goto, Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, E-mail:
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8
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Jäncke L, Mérillat S, Liem F, Hänggi J. Brain size, sex, and the aging brain. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 36:150-69. [PMID: 25161056 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the statistical influence of brain size on cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar compartmental volumes. This brain size influence was especially studied to delineate interactions with Sex and Age. Here, we studied 856 healthy subjects of which 533 are classified as young and 323 as old. Using an automated segmentation procedure cortical (gray and white matter [GM and WM] including the corpus callosum), cerebellar (GM and WM), and subcortical (thalamus, putamen, pallidum, caudatus, hippocampus, amygdala, and accumbens) volumes were measured and subjected to statistical analyses. These analyses revealed that brain size and age exert substantial statistical influences on nearly all compartmental volumes. Analyzing the raw compartmental volumes replicated the frequently reported Sex differences in compartmental volumes with men showing larger volumes. However, when statistically controlling for brain size Sex differences and Sex × Age interactions practically disappear. Thus, brain size is more important than Sex in explaining interindividual differences in compartmental volumes. The influence of brain size is discussed in the context of an allometric scaling of the compartmental volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Jäncke
- Division Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland; International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program (URPP) "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Special Education, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Di X, Rypma B, Biswal BB. Correspondence of executive function related functional and anatomical alterations in aging brain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 48:41-50. [PMID: 24036319 PMCID: PMC3870052 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurocognitive aging studies have focused on age-related changes in neural activity or neural structure but few studies have focused on relationships between the two. The present study quantitatively reviewed 24 studies of age-related changes in fMRI activation across a broad spectrum of executive function tasks using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) and 22 separate studies of age-related changes in gray matter using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Conjunction analyses between functional and structural alteration maps were constructed. Overlaps were only observed in the conjunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) gray matter reduction and functional hyperactivation but not hypoactivation. It was not evident that the conjunctions between gray matter and activation were related to task performance. Theoretical implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Di
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
| | - Bart Rypma
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Bharat B. Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
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Ruigrok ANV, Salimi-Khorshidi G, Lai MC, Baron-Cohen S, Lombardo MV, Tait RJ, Suckling J. A meta-analysis of sex differences in human brain structure. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 39:34-50. [PMID: 24374381 PMCID: PMC3969295 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 620] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This is the first meta-analysis of sex differences in the typical human brain. Regional sex differences overlap with areas implicated in psychiatric conditions. The amygdala, hippocampus, planum temporale and insula display sex differences. On average, males have larger brain volumes than females. Most articles providing sex differences in volume are in the ‘mature’ category.
The prevalence, age of onset, and symptomatology of many neuropsychiatric conditions differ between males and females. To understand the causes and consequences of sex differences it is important to establish where they occur in the human brain. We report the first meta-analysis of typical sex differences on global brain volume, a descriptive account of the breakdown of studies of each compartmental volume by six age categories, and whole-brain voxel-wise meta-analyses on brain volume and density. Gaussian-process regression coordinate-based meta-analysis was used to examine sex differences in voxel-based regional volume and density. On average, males have larger total brain volumes than females. Examination of the breakdown of studies providing total volumes by age categories indicated a bias towards the 18–59 year-old category. Regional sex differences in volume and tissue density include the amygdala, hippocampus and insula, areas known to be implicated in sex-biased neuropsychiatric conditions. Together, these results suggest candidate regions for investigating the asymmetric effect that sex has on the developing brain, and for understanding sex-biased neurological and psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N V Ruigrok
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18B Trumpington Road, Cambridge CB2 8AH, United Kingdom.
| | - Gholamreza Salimi-Khorshidi
- Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18B Trumpington Road, Cambridge CB2 8AH, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Jen-Ai Road Section 1, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18B Trumpington Road, Cambridge CB2 8AH, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Elizabeth House, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge CB21 5EF, United Kingdom
| | - Michael V Lombardo
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18B Trumpington Road, Cambridge CB2 8AH, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Roger J Tait
- Brain Mapping Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SP, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - John Suckling
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Elizabeth House, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge CB21 5EF, United Kingdom; Brain Mapping Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SP, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
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Abedelahi A, Hasanzadeh H, Hadizadeh H, Joghataie MT. Morphometric and volumetric study of caudate and putamen nuclei in normal individuals by MRI: Effect of normal aging, gender and hemispheric differences. Pol J Radiol 2013; 78:7-14. [PMID: 24115954 PMCID: PMC3789937 DOI: 10.12659/pjr.889364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine age, gender, and hemispheric differences in the volume of the human neostriatum (striatum) nucleus in healthy humans. MATERIAL/METHODS This study was performed on 120 normal human subjects (60 males, 60 females, right-handed) 15-65 years old, divided into two groups: young (<40 yrs) and old (=≥40 yrs). Sectional brain images were obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), analyzed and processed using the Image-J software, and the striatum volume was calculated using the Cavalieri's principle, retrospectively. RESULTS The analyses revealed bilateral age-related shrinkage of the putamen in both genders and the putamen and caudate nucleus were significantly smaller in older than in younger subjects (P-value <0.001). The age-related shrinkage of the caudate and putamen nucleus in men and women was about 5%, 5% and 4%, 4%, respectively, and there were statistically significant volume differences between males and females (P-value <0.05). In both genders, a significant rightward asymmetry was observed in the caudate and putamen nucleus (3.89%, 4.21% in men and 4.51%, 3.32% in women). CONCLUSIONS Bilateral age-related shrinkage and rightward asymmetry of the striate nucleus was found in healthy adults and there were significant volume differences between men and women. Obtained results provide useful baseline data on age and gender-related changes of the volume of the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abedelahi
- Department of Anatomy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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de Jong LW, Forsberg LE, Vidal JS, Sigurdsson S, Zijdenbos AP, Garcia M, Eiriksdottir G, Gudnason V, van Buchem MA, Launer LJ. Different susceptibility of medial temporal lobe and basal ganglia atrophy rates to vascular risk factors. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:72-8. [PMID: 23992618 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Atrophy of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and basal ganglia (BG) are characteristic of various neurodegenerative diseases in older people. In search of potentially modifiable factors that lead to atrophy in these structures, we studied the association of vascular risk factors with atrophy of the MTL and BG in 368 nondemented men and women (born, 1907-1935) who participated in the Age, Gene/Environment, Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study. A fully automated segmentation pipeline estimated volumes of the MTL and BG from whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging performed at baseline and 2.4 years later. Linear regression models showed higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures and the presence of Apo E ε4 were independently associated with increased atrophy of the MTL but no association of vascular risk factors with atrophy of the BG. The different susceptibility of MTL and BG atrophy to the vascular risk factors suggests perfusion of the BG is relatively preserved when vascular risk factors are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura W de Jong
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Goto M, Abe O, Aoki S, Takao H, Hayashi N, Miyati T, Mori H, Kunimatsu A, Ino K, Yano K, Ohtomo K. Database of normal Japanese gray matter volumes in the default mode network. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 39:132-42. [PMID: 23857823 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To show the gray matter volumes in the default mode network (DMN) using the atlas-based method and to evaluate age-related volume change in the DMN region. Estimation of gray matter volumes is interesting research because previous reports showed an association with gray matter volume (GMV) and diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS We focused on five nodes of the DMN (posterior cingulate, precuneus, lateral temporal cortex [LTC], medial prefrontal cortex, and inferior parietal lobule). In all, 1122 healthy adults were included in the present study. T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained using a 3T-MR scanner. To investigate GMV in the DMN, segmented gray matter images were measured by the atlas-based method, using Statistical Parametric Mapping 5. Volumes were expressed using three different methods: region of interest (ROI)-volume (mL), the volume itself; ROI-TIV (%), as a percentage of total intracranial volume (individual difference of head size is corrected); and ROI-GMV (%), as a percentage of gray matter volume (individual difference of atrophy speed for aging is corrected). RESULTS Negative correlations between measurement values on ROI and age were observed in all five ROIs of the DMN region by two measures of volume (ROI-volume (mL) and ROI-TIV (%)), in both genders. In contrast, positive correlations between measurement values on ROI and age were observed in the posterior cingulate and LTC with ROI-GMV (%), in both genders. CONCLUSION The present study is the first report about volume change in the DMN that includes age-related effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Goto
- Department of Radiological Technology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Engl C, Schmidt P, Arsic M, Boucard CC, Biberacher V, Röttinger M, Etgen T, Nunnemann S, Koutsouleris N, Reiser M, Meisenzahl EM, Mühlau M. Brain size and white matter content of cerebrospinal tracts determine the upper cervical cord area: evidence from structural brain MRI. Neuroradiology 2013; 55:963-70. [PMID: 23715746 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-013-1204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Measurement of the upper cervical cord area (UCCA) from brain MRI may be an effective way to quantify spinal cord involvement in neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis. However, knowledge on the determinants of UCCA in healthy controls (HCs) is limited. METHODS In two cohorts of 133 and 285 HCs, we studied the influence of different demographic, body-related, and brain-related parameters on UCCA by simple and partial correlation analyses as well as by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) across both cerebral gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM). RESULTS First, we confirmed the known but moderate effect of age on UCCA in the older cohort. Second, we studied the correlation of UCCA with sex, body height, and total intracranial volume (TIV). TIV was the only variable that correlated significantly with UCCA after correction for the other variables. Third, we studied the correlation of UCCA with brain-related parameters. Brain volume correlated stronger with UCCA than TIV. Both volumes of the brain tissue compartments GM and WM correlated with UCCA significantly. WM volume explained variance of UCCA after correction for GM volume, whilst the opposite was not observed. Correspondingly, VBM did not yield any brain region, whose GM content correlated significantly with UCCA, whilst cerebral WM content of cerebrospinal tracts strongly correlated with UCCA. This latter effect increased along a craniocaudal gradient. CONCLUSION UCCA is mainly determined by brain volume as well as by WM content of cerebrospinal tracts.
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Fjell AM, Westlye LT, Grydeland H, Amlien I, Espeseth T, Reinvang I, Raz N, Holland D, Dale AM, Walhovd KB. Critical ages in the life course of the adult brain: nonlinear subcortical aging. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2239-47. [PMID: 23643484 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Age-related changes in brain structure result from a complex interplay among various neurobiological processes, which may contribute to more complex trajectories than what can be described by simple linear or quadratic models. We used a nonparametric smoothing spline approach to delineate cross-sectionally estimated age trajectories of the volume of 17 neuroanatomic structures in 1100 healthy adults (18-94 years). Accelerated estimated decline in advanced age characterized some structures, for example hippocampus, but was not the norm. For most areas, 1 or 2 critical ages were identified, characterized by changes in the estimated rate of change. One-year follow-up data from 142 healthy older adults (60-91 years) confirmed the existence of estimated change from the cross-sectional analyses for all areas except 1 (caudate). The cross-sectional and the longitudinal analyses agreed well on the rank order of age effects on specific brain structures (Spearman ρ = 0.91). The main conclusions are that most brain structures do not follow a simple path throughout adult life and that accelerated decline in high age is not the norm of healthy brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders M Fjell
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Goto M, Abe O, Aoki S, Hayashi N, Miyati T, Takao H, Iwatsubo T, Yamashita F, Matsuda H, Mori H, Kunimatsu A, Ino K, Yano K, Ohtomo K. Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration Through Exponentiated Lie Algebra provides reduced effect of scanner for cortex volumetry with atlas-based method in healthy subjects. Neuroradiology 2013; 55:869-75. [PMID: 23619702 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-013-1193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate whether the effect of scanner for cortex volumetry with atlas-based method is reduced using Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration Through Exponentiated Lie Algebra (DARTEL) normalization compared with standard normalization. METHODS Three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (3D-T1WIs) of 21 healthy subjects were obtained and evaluated for effect of scanner in cortex volumetry. 3D-T1WIs of the 21 subjects were obtained with five MRI systems. Imaging of each subject was performed on each of five different MRI scanners. We used the Voxel-Based Morphometry 8 tool implemented in Statistical Parametric Mapping 8 and WFU PickAtlas software (Talairach brain atlas theory). The following software default settings were used as bilateral region-of-interest labels: "Frontal Lobe," "Hippocampus," "Occipital Lobe," "Orbital Gyrus," "Parietal Lobe," "Putamen," and "Temporal Lobe." RESULTS Effect of scanner for cortex volumetry using the atlas-based method was reduced with DARTEL normalization compared with standard normalization in Frontal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Orbital Gyrus, Putamen, and Temporal Lobe; was the same in Hippocampus and Parietal Lobe; and showed no increase with DARTEL normalization for any region of interest (ROI). CONCLUSION DARTEL normalization reduces the effect of scanner, which is a major problem in multicenter studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Goto
- Department of Radiological Technology, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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Inano S, Takao H, Hayashi N, Yoshioka N, Mori H, Kunimatsu A, Abe O, Ohtomo K. Effects of age and gender on neuroanatomical volumes. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 37:1072-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Goto M, Abe O, Kabasawa H, Takao H, Miyati T, Hayashi N, Kurosu T, Iwatsubo T, Yamashita F, Matsuda H, Inano S, Mori H, Kunimatsu A, Aoki S, Ino K, Yano K, Ohtomo K. Effects of image distortion correction on voxel-based morphometry. Magn Reson Med Sci 2012; 11:27-34. [PMID: 22450384 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.11.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to show that correcting image distortion significantly affects brain volumetry using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and to assess whether the processing of distortion correction reduces system dependency. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained contiguous sagittal T(1)-weighted images of the brain from 22 healthy participants using 1.5- and 3-tesla magnetic resonance (MR) scanners, preprocessed images using Statistical Parametric Mapping 5, and tested the relation between distortion correction and brain volume using VBM. RESULTS Local brain volume significantly increased or decreased on corrected images compared with uncorrected images. In addition, the method used to correct image distortion for gradient nonlinearity produced fewer volumetric errors from MR system variation. CONCLUSION This is the first VBM study to show more precise volumetry using VBM with corrected images. These results indicate that multi-scanner or multi-site imaging trials require correction for distortion induced by gradient nonlinearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Goto
- Department of Radiological Technology, University of Tokyo Hospital
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Goto M, Abe O, Miyati T, Inano S, Hayashi N, Aoki S, Mori H, Kabasawa H, Ino K, Yano K, Iida K, Mima K, Ohtomo K. 3 Tesla MRI detects accelerated hippocampal volume reduction in postmenopausal women. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 33:48-53. [PMID: 21182120 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify age-related structural changes specific to hippocampal volume by hierarchizing according to age, gender, and menopausal status. Many studies report the neuroprotective effects of estrogen and age-related brain volume changes; however, there are no studies regarding age-related change specific to hippocampal volume in terms of age, gender, and menopausal status. MATERIALS AND METHODS T1-weighted MR images were obtained in 412 healthy adults divided into eight groups according to age and gender, to analyze brain volume change focusing on hippocampal volume. RESULTS Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) revealed significantly smaller gray matter volume in the hippocampus bilaterally in females aged in their fifties (51 of 59 females were at menopause) compared with females in their forties (3 of 46 females were at menopause). No significant difference was found, however, between female groups in their fifties versus sixties, or sixties versus seventies; or between male groups in their forties versus fifties, fifties versus sixties, or sixties versus seventies. In addition, VBM revealed significant hippocampal volume reduction bilaterally in all postmenopausal women compared with all premenopausal women. CONCLUSION The results of the current study suggest that the menopause may be associated with hippocampal volume reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Goto
- Department of Radiological Technology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Goto M, Abe O, Miyati T, Yoshikawa T, Hayashi N, Takao H, Inano S, Kabasawa H, Mori H, Kunimatsu A, Aoki S, Ino K, Iida K, Yano K, Ohtomo K. Entorhinal cortex volume measured with 3T MRI is positively correlated with the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised logical/verbal memory score for healthy subjects. Neuroradiology 2011; 53:617-22. [PMID: 21455719 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-011-0863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies revealed a correlation between local brain volume and cognitive function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between local gray matter volume and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) logical/verbal memory (WMS-R-verbal) score in healthy adults using a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance scanner and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). METHODS T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained in 1,169 healthy adults. The T1-weighted images in native space were bias-corrected, spatially normalized, and segmented into gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid images with Statistical Parametric Mapping 5. To investigate regionally the specific effects of the WMS-R-verbal score on the gray matter images, simple regression analysis was performed by VBM treating age, total intracranial volume, and gender as confounding covariates. A P value of less than 0.05 corrected with false discovery rate in voxel difference was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS Our study showed a significant positive correlation between the WMS-R-verbal score and the bilateral entorhinal cortex volume. In the right entorhinal, T value is 4.75, and the size of the clusters is 155 voxels. In the left entorhinal, T value is 4.08, and the size of the clusters is 23 voxels. A significant negative correlation was not found. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first VBM study showing that entorhinal cortex volume is positively correlated with the WMS-R-verbal score for healthy subjects. Therefore, in our structural neuroimaging study, we add evidence to the hypothesis that the entorhinal cortex is involved in verbal memory processing.
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Ellmore TM, Hood AJ, Castriotta RJ, Stimming EF, Bick RJ, Schiess MC. Reduced volume of the putamen in REM sleep behavior disorder patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2010; 16:645-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cheng Y, Chou KH, Chen IY, Fan YT, Decety J, Lin CP. Atypical development of white matter microstructure in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Neuroimage 2010; 50:873-82. [PMID: 20074650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) indicate aberrant neurodevelopment of frontal white matter (WM), potentially underlying abnormal social cognition and communication in ASD. Here, we further use tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to examine the developmental change of WM skeleton (i.e., the most compact whole-brain WM) during adolescence in ASD. This whole-brain DTI used TBSS measures fractional anisotropy (FA) and longitudinal and radial diffusivities in fifty adolescents, 25 ASD and 25 controls. Results show that adolescents with ASD versus controls had significantly reduced FA in the right posterior limb of internal capsule (increased radial diffusivity distally and reduced longitudinal diffusivity centrally). Adolescents with ASD versus controls (covarying for age and IQ) had significantly greater FA in the frontal lobe (reduced radial diffusivity), right cingulate gyrus (reduced radial diffusivity), bilateral insula (reduced radial diffusivity and increased longitudinal diffusivity), right superior temporal gyrus (reduced radial diffusivity), and bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle (reduced radial diffusivity). Notably, a significant interaction with age by group was found in the right paracentral lobule and bilateral superior frontal gyrus as indicated by an age-related FA gain in the controls whilst an age-related FA loss in the ASD. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use TBSS to examine WM in individuals with ASD. Our findings indicate that the frontal lobe exhibits abnormal WM microstructure as well as an aberrant neurodevelopment during adolescence in ASD, which support the frontal disconnectivity theory of autism.
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Abstract
Although attention-dividing dual tasks hinder gait performance in older persons, gender differences in gait have not been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine whether gait performance differs between older men and women during dual task walking. A total of 44 healthy adults (20 men and 24 women) aged 65 years or older participated in the study. Participants walked under normal and dual task (backward spelling) conditions at self-selected speeds. Mean gait speed and stride-to-stride variability in gait speed were quantified with GAITRite( ®) instrumentation. Whereas gait speed decreased and variability in gait speed increased in both groups during dual task walking, men walked with greater variability during dual task walking than did women. The magnitude of the increase in variability in gait speed observed in men indicates that stride-to-stride variability in gait speed during dual task walking requires more investigation as a potential risk factor for falls in older men.
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Curiati PK, Tamashiro JH, Squarzoni P, Duran FLS, Santos LC, Wajngarten M, Leite CC, Vallada H, Menezes PR, Scazufca M, Busatto GF, Alves TCTF. Brain structural variability due to aging and gender in cognitively healthy Elders: results from the Sao Paulo Ageing and Health study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:1850-6. [PMID: 19661175 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Several morphometric MR imaging studies have investigated age- and sex-related cerebral volume changes in healthy human brains, most often by using samples spanning several decades of life and linear correlation methods. This study aimed to map the normal pattern of regional age-related volumetric reductions specifically in the elderly population. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred thirty-two eligible individuals (67-75 years of age) were selected from a community-based sample recruited for the São Paulo Ageing and Health (SPAH) study, and a cross-sectional MR imaging investigation was performed concurrently with the second SPAH wave. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to conduct a voxelwise search for significant linear correlations between gray matter (GM) volumes and age. In addition, region-of-interest masks were used to investigate whether the relationship between regional GM (rGM) volumes and age would be best predicted by a nonlinear model. RESULTS VBM and region-of-interest analyses revealed selective foci of accelerated rGM loss exclusively in men, involving the temporal neocortex, prefrontal cortex, and medial temporal region. The only structure in which GM volumetric changes were best predicted by a nonlinear model was the left parahippocampal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS The variable patterns of age-related GM loss across separate neocortical and temporolimbic regions highlight the complexity of degenerative processes that affect the healthy human brain across the life span. The detection of age-related limbic GM decrease in men supports the view that atrophy in such regions should be seen as compatible with normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Curiati
- Psychiatry Department, Sao Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo Brazil
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Fjell AM, Westlye LT, Amlien I, Espeseth T, Reinvang I, Raz N, Agartz I, Salat DH, Greve DN, Fischl B, Dale AM, Walhovd KB. Minute effects of sex on the aging brain: a multisample magnetic resonance imaging study of healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 2009; 29:8774-83. [PMID: 19587284 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0115-09.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is associated with substantial macrostructural brain changes. While some recent magnetic resonance imaging studies have reported larger age effects in men than women, others find no sex differences. As brain morphometry is a potentially important tool in diagnosis and monitoring of age-related neurological diseases, e.g., Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is important to know whether sex influences brain aging. We analyzed cross-sectional magnetic resonance scans from 1143 healthy participants from seven subsamples provided by four independent research groups. In addition, 96 patients with mild AD were included. Estimates of cortical thickness continuously across the brain surface, as well as volume of 17 subcortical structures, were obtained by use of automated segmentation tools (FreeSurfer). In the healthy participants, no differences in aging slopes between women and men were found in any part of the cortex. Pallidum corrected for intracranial volume showed slightly higher age correlations for men. The analyses were repeated in each of the seven subsamples, and the lack of age x sex interactions was largely replicated. Analyses of the AD sample showed no interactions between sex and age for any brain region. We conclude that sex has negligible effects on the age slope of brain volumes both in healthy participants and in AD.
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Walhovd KB, Westlye LT, Amlien I, Espeseth T, Reinvang I, Raz N, Agartz I, Salat DH, Greve DN, Fischl B, Dale AM, Fjell AM. Consistent neuroanatomical age-related volume differences across multiple samples. Neurobiol Aging 2009; 32:916-32. [PMID: 19570593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the principal method for studying structural age-related brain changes in vivo. However, previous research has yielded inconsistent results, precluding understanding of structural changes of the aging brain. This inconsistency is due to methodological differences and/or different aging patterns across samples. To overcome these problems, we tested age effects on 17 different neuroanatomical structures and total brain volume across five samples, of which one was split to further investigate consistency (883 participants). Widespread age-related volume differences were seen consistently across samples. In four of the five samples, all structures, except the brainstem, showed age-related volume differences. The strongest and most consistent effects were found for cerebral cortex, pallidum, putamen and accumbens volume. Total brain volume, cerebral white matter, caudate, hippocampus and the ventricles consistently showed non-linear age functions. Healthy aging appears associated with more widespread and consistent age-related neuroanatomical volume differences than previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for the Study of Human Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
Various peripheral and spinal mechanisms have been hypothesized to contribute to pain amplification and chronicity. However, the role of the brain in chronic pain states remains to be fully elucidated. Functional brain imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging, have frequently been used to investigate brain activity during acute/experimental pain perception, which has helped to establish the notion of the human pain network. In the context of chronic pain, the assessment of brain chemistry (by way of spectroscopy) and brain morphology is of growing interest, and there is a quickly expanding body of evidence that persons with chronic pain conditions, including chronic low back pain, chronic tension-type headache, and fibromyalgia, display changes in global and regional brain morphology. It has been suggested that prolonged nociceptive input to the brain might induce functional and morphologic maladaptive processes that in turn further exacerbate the experience of chronic pain. Alternatively, morphologic changes might predispose toward vulnerability to develop a chronic pain state. The purpose of this review is to examine current literature regarding altered brain morphology in patients with various chronic pain states, summarize these findings, and evaluate their implications for our understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schmidt-Wilcke
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinik Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 84, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Mühlau M, Wohlschläger AM, Gaser C, Valet M, Weindl A, Nunnemann S, Peinemann A, Etgen T, Ilg R. Voxel-based morphometry in individual patients: a pilot study in early Huntington disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 30:539-43. [PMID: 19074546 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) has proved a powerful method to detect subtle changes of gray matter (GM) at the group level but the role of VBM for the detection of GM changes in single subjects, especially in those with suspected neurodegenerative disorder, remains uncertain. Here, we performed single subject analyses in 22 patients in early stages of Huntington disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder with a well-known and characteristic pattern of GM loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS We applied an ANCOVA with age and gender as covariates and corrected for multiple statistical tests by false discovery rate (P < 0.05). Each patient was compared to 133 healthy controls. The same procedure was applied to 22 of the controls matched for age and gender in a pair-wise manner. RESULTS Our analyses yielded biologically plausible results in HD patients in which GM decrease within the caudate nucleus could be identified in 15 of the 16 most affected patients while GM decrease was found in only 1 control subject. Lowering the size of the control group yielded comparable results with 99 and 66 control subjects whereas sensitivity decreased with 33 control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot study demonstrates a potential role of VBM for the detection of cerebral GM changes in single subjects with suspected neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mühlau
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Goto M, Suzuki Y, Abe O, Hayashi N, Aoki S, Mori H, Masumoto T, Watanabe Y, Satake Y, Ino K, Yano K, Iida K, Mima K, Ohtomo K. Customization of normal data base specific for 3-tesla MRI is mandatory in VSRAD analysis. Radiol Phys Technol 2008; 1:196-200. [PMID: 20821147 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-008-0027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer's disease (VSRAD) was used for quantitative analysis of parahippocampal atropy with 1.5-tesla (T) MRI in a voxel-wise manner. The analysis of images acquired under a different imaging condition provides an error factor that has a calculated value. Clinical application of 3T-MRI is necessary for establishing a normal data base (N-DB) specific for 3T-MRI data, which permits appropriate application of VSRAD. We established an N-DB specific for 3T-MRI for use in VSRAD. The "Z-score of the parahippocampal gyrus" was 0.79 +/- 0.32, and the N-DB of each age group did not have a big deflection when we analyzed a group of physically unimpaired persons in an N-DB specific for 3T-MRI. Therefore, we were able to confirm the validity of the customized N-DB. The "Z-score of the parahippocampal gyrus" was 1.62 +/- 0.47 for the N-DB of VSRAD. The numerical value was high for the group of physically unimpaired persons.
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