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Genin EC, Abou-Ali M, Paquis-Flucklinger V. Mitochondria, a Key Target in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1981. [PMID: 38002924 PMCID: PMC10671245 DOI: 10.3390/genes14111981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, particularly amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), where it contributes to motor neuron (MN) death. Of all the factors involved in ALS, mitochondria have been considered as a major player, as secondary mitochondrial dysfunction has been found in various models and patients. Abnormal mitochondrial morphology, defects in mitochondrial dynamics, altered activities of respiratory chain enzymes and increased production of reactive oxygen species have been described. Moreover, the identification of CHCHD10 variants in ALS patients was the first genetic evidence that a mitochondrial defect may be a primary cause of MN damage and directly links mitochondrial dysfunction to the pathogenesis of ALS. In this review, we focus on the role of mitochondria in ALS and highlight the pathogenic variants of ALS genes associated with impaired mitochondrial functions. The multiple pathways demonstrated in ALS pathogenesis suggest that all converge to a common endpoint leading to MN loss. This may explain the disappointing results obtained with treatments targeting a single pathological process. Fighting against mitochondrial dysfunction appears to be a promising avenue for developing combined therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle C. Genin
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm U1081, CNRS UMR7284, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nice, 06200 Nice, France; (M.A.-A.); (V.P.-F.)
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2
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Häkkinen S, Chu SA, Lee SE. Neuroimaging in genetic frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105063. [PMID: 32890771 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have a strong clinical, genetic and pathological overlap. This review focuses on the current understanding of structural, functional and molecular neuroimaging signatures of genetic FTD and ALS. We overview quantitative neuroimaging studies on the most common genes associated with FTD (MAPT, GRN), ALS (SOD1), and both (C9orf72), and summarize visual observations of images reported in the rarer genes (CHMP2B, TARDBP, FUS, OPTN, VCP, UBQLN2, SQSTM1, TREM2, CHCHD10, TBK1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Häkkinen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Chu
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suzee E Lee
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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McCann EP, Fifita JA, Grima N, Galper J, Mehta P, Freckleton SE, Zhang KY, Henden L, Hogan AL, Chan Moi Fat S, Wu SS, Jagaraj CJ, Berning BA, Williams KL, Twine NA, Bauer D, Piguet O, Hodges J, Kwok JBJ, Halliday GM, Kiernan MC, Atkin J, Rowe DB, Nicholson GA, Walker AK, Blair IP, Yang S. Genetic and immunopathological analysis of CHCHD10 in Australian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia and transgenic TDP-43 mice. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:162-171. [PMID: 31690696 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-321790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since the first report of CHCHD10 gene mutations in amyotrophiclateral sclerosis (ALS)/frontotemporaldementia (FTD) patients, genetic variation in CHCHD10 has been inconsistently linked to disease. A pathological assessment of the CHCHD10 protein in patient neuronal tissue also remains to be reported. We sought to characterise the genetic and pathological contribution of CHCHD10 to ALS/FTD in Australia. METHODS Whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing data from 81 familial and 635 sporadic ALS, and 108 sporadic FTD cases, were assessed for genetic variation in CHCHD10. CHCHD10 protein expression was characterised by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and western blotting in control, ALS and/or FTD postmortem tissues and further in a transgenic mouse model of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology. RESULTS No causal, novel or disease-associated variants in CHCHD10 were identified in Australian ALS and/or FTD patients. In human brain and spinal cord tissues, CHCHD10 was specifically expressed in neurons. A significant decrease in CHCHD10 protein level was observed in ALS patient spinal cord and FTD patient frontal cortex. In a TDP-43 mouse model with a regulatable nuclear localisation signal (rNLS TDP-43 mouse), CHCHD10 protein levels were unaltered at disease onset and early in disease, but were significantly decreased in cortex in mid-stage disease. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variation in CHCHD10 is not a common cause of ALS/FTD in Australia. However, we showed that in humans, CHCHD10 may play a neuron-specific role and a loss of CHCHD10 function may be linked to ALS and/or FTD. Our data from the rNLS TDP-43 transgenic mice suggest that a decrease in CHCHD10 levels is a late event in aberrant TDP-43-induced ALS/FTD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P McCann
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Fifita
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie Grima
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jasmin Galper
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Prachi Mehta
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah E Freckleton
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katharine Y Zhang
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lyndal Henden
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alison L Hogan
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandrine Chan Moi Fat
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharlynn Sl Wu
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cyril J Jagaraj
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Britt A Berning
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kelly Louise Williams
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie A Twine
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Health & Biosecurity Flagship, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Denis Bauer
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Health & Biosecurity Flagship, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Hodges
- Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John B J Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie Atkin
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dominic B Rowe
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Garth A Nicholson
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam K Walker
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian P Blair
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shu Yang
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Zhou W, Ma D, Tan EK. Mitochondrial CHCHD2 and CHCHD10: Roles in Neurological Diseases and Therapeutic Implications. Neuroscientist 2019; 26:170-184. [DOI: 10.1177/1073858419871214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CHCHD2 mutations have been identified in various neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is also the first mitochondrial gene whose mutations lead to PD. CHCHD10 is a homolog of CHCHD2; similar to CHCHD2, various mutations of CHCHD10 have been identified in a broad spectrum of neurological disorders, including FTD and AD, with a high frequency of CHCHD10 mutations found in motor neuron diseases. Functionally, CHCHD2 and CHCHD10 have been demonstrated to interact with each other in mitochondria. Recent studies link the biological functions of CHCHD2 to the MICOS complex (mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system). Multiple experimental models suggest that CHCHD2 maintains mitochondrial cristae and disease-associated CHCHD2 mutations function in a loss-of-function manner. However, both CHCHD2 and CHCHD10 knockout mouse models appear phenotypically normal, with no obvious mitochondrial defects. Strategies to maintain or enhance mitochondria cristae could provide opportunities to correct the associated cellular defects in disease state and unravel potential novel targets for CHCHD2-linked neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Neuroscience Research laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Dongrui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Neuroscience Research laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Perrone B, La Cognata V, Sprovieri T, Ungaro C, Conforti FL, Andò S, Cavallaro S. Alternative Splicing of ALS Genes: Misregulation and Potential Therapies. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:1-14. [PMID: 31385134 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's disease affect a rapidly increasing population worldwide. Although common pathogenic mechanisms have been identified (e.g., protein aggregation or dysfunction, immune response alteration and axonal degeneration), the molecular events underlying timing, dosage, expression, and location of RNA molecules are still not fully elucidated. In particular, the alternative splicing (AS) mechanism is a crucial player in RNA processing and represents a fundamental determinant for brain development, as well as for the physiological functions of neuronal circuits. Although in recent years our knowledge of AS events has increased substantially, deciphering the molecular interconnections between splicing and ALS remains a complex task and still requires considerable efforts. In the present review, we will summarize the current scientific evidence outlining the involvement of AS in the pathogenic processes of ALS. We will also focus on recent insights concerning the tuning of splicing mechanisms by epigenomic and epi-transcriptomic regulation, providing an overview of the available genomic technologies to investigate AS drivers on a genome-wide scale, even at a single-cell level resolution. In the future, gene therapy strategies and RNA-based technologies may be utilized to intercept or modulate the splicing mechanism and produce beneficial effects against ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Perrone
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Valentina La Cognata
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - Teresa Sprovieri
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Carmine Ungaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.,Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Catania, Italy.
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Rubino E, Zhang M, Mongini T, Boschi S, Vercelli L, Vacca A, Govone F, Gai A, Giordana MT, Grinberg M, Rogaeva E, Rainero I. Response to a letter to the editor. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 78:195-196. [PMID: 31027854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rubino
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tiziana Mongini
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Neurology 1, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Boschi
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Liliana Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vacca
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Flora Govone
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Annalisa Gai
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Giordana
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Neurology 1, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mark Grinberg
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Neurology 1, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
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CHCHD10 variants in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Where is the evidence? Ann Neurol 2018; 84:110-116. [PMID: 30014597 PMCID: PMC6553489 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After the initial report of a CHCHD10 mutation in mitochondrial disease with features resembling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), CHCHD10 mutations have been considered to be a frequent cause for ALS. However, the exact pathogenicity and clinical significance of these mutations remain unclear. Here, we aimed to determine the role of CHCHD10 mutations in ALS. METHODS We analyzed 4,365 whole genome sequenced ALS patients and 1,832 controls from 7 different countries and examined all nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants in CHCHD10. These were tested for association with ALS, independently and in aggregate using several genetic burden tests (including sequence kernel association test [SKAT], optimal unified test [SKAT-O], and Firth logistic regression). RESULTS We identified 3 new variants in cases, but only 1 was ALS-specific. Also, 1 control-specific mutation was identified. There was no increased burden of rare coding mutations among ALS patients compared to controls (p = 0.86, p = 0.86, and p = 0.88 for SKAT, SKAT-O, and Firth, respectively). The few carriers with potential pathogenic CHCHD10 mutations exhibited a slowly progressive ALS-like phenotype with atypical features such as myopathy and deafness. INTERPRETATION CHCHD10 mutations seem to be a far less prevalent cause of pure ALS than previously suggested, and instead appear related to more complex phenotypes. There appears to be insufficient evidence for the pathogenicity of most previously reported variants in pure ALS. This study shows that routine testing for CHCHD10 mutations in pure ALS is not recommended and illustrates the importance of sufficient genetic and functional evidence in establishing pathogenicity of genetic variants. Ann Neurol 2018;83:110-116.
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8
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Rubino E, Zhang M, Mongini T, Boschi S, Vercelli L, Vacca A, Govone F, Gai A, Giordana MT, Grinberg M, Rogaeva E, Rainero I. Mutation analysis of CHCHD2 and CHCHD10 in Italian patients with mitochondrial myopathy. Neurobiol Aging 2018. [PMID: 29519717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in CHCHD2 and CHCHD10 were recently reported in a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, for example, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, or mitochondrial myopathy (MM). The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of CHCHD2 and CHCHD10 mutations in Italian MM patients without mitochondrial DNA mutations. The coding regions of CHCHD2 and CHCHD10 were sequenced in 62 MM patients. None of the patients showed CHCHD2 mutations, whereas 1 sporadic MM patient carried a homozygous Pro96Thr substitution in CHCHD10. Muscle biopsy of this patient showed intracellular glycogen accumulation with cytochrome c oxidase negative and ragged red fibers. Our study suggests that the homozygous Pro96Thr mutation in CHCHD10 might be pathogenic but does not support a major role for CHCHD2 in MM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rubino
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tiziana Mongini
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Neurology 1, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, AOU Cittá della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Boschi
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Liliana Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vacca
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Flora Govone
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Annalisa Gai
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Giordana
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Neurology 1, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, AOU Cittá della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mark Grinberg
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Neurology 1, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, AOU Cittá della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), like other neurodegenerative diseases, remains incurable, but gene mutations linked to ALS are providing clues as to how to target therapies. It is important for researchers to keep abreast of the rapid influx of new data in ALS, and we aim to summarize the major genetic advances made in the field over the past 2 years. RECENT FINDINGS Significant variation in seven genes has recently been found in ALS: TBK1, CCNF, GLE1, MATR3, TUBA4A, CHCHD10 and NEK1. These have mostly been identified through large exome screening studies, though traditional linkage approaches and candidate gene screening remain important. We briefly update C9orf72 research, noting in particular the development of reagents to better understand the normal role of C9orf72 protein. SUMMARY Striking advances in our understanding of the genetic heterogeneity of ALS continue to be made, year on year. These implicate proteostasis, RNA export, nuclear transport, the cytoskeleton, mitochondrial function, the cell cycle and DNA repair. Functional studies to integrate these hits are needed. By building a web of knowledge with interlinked genes and mechanisms, it is hoped we can better understand ALS and work toward effective therapies.
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MNRR1, a Biorganellar Regulator of Mitochondria. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6739236. [PMID: 28685009 PMCID: PMC5480048 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6739236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The central role of energy metabolism in cellular activities is becoming widely recognized. However, there are many gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms by which mitochondria evaluate their status and call upon the nucleus to make adjustments. Recently, a protein family consisting of twin CX9C proteins has been shown to play a role in human pathophysiology. We focus here on two family members, the isoforms CHCHD2 (renamed MNRR1) and CHCHD10. The better studied isoform, MNRR1, has the unusual property of functioning in both the mitochondria and the nucleus and of having a different function in each. In the mitochondria, it functions by binding to cytochrome c oxidase (COX), which stimulates respiration. Its binding to COX is promoted by tyrosine-99 phosphorylation, carried out by ABL2 kinase (ARG). In the nucleus, MNRR1 binds to a novel promoter element in COX4I2 and itself, increasing transcription at 4% oxygen. We discuss mutations in both MNRR1 and CHCHD10 found in a number of chronic, mostly neurodegenerative, diseases. Finally, we propose a model of a graded response to hypoxic and oxidative stresses, mediated under different oxygen tensions by CHCHD10, MNRR1, and HIF1, which operate at intermediate and very low oxygen concentrations, respectively.
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11
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Corcia P, Couratier P, Blasco H, Andres C, Beltran S, Meininger V, Vourc’h P. Genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2017; 173:254-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Perrone F, Nguyen HP, Van Mossevelde S, Moisse M, Sieben A, Santens P, De Bleecker J, Vandenbulcke M, Engelborghs S, Baets J, Cras P, Vandenberghe R, De Jonghe P, De Deyn PP, Martin JJ, Van Damme P, Van Broeckhoven C, van der Zee J. Investigating the role of ALS genes CHCHD10 and TUBA4A in Belgian FTD-ALS spectrum patients. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 51:177.e9-177.e16. [PMID: 28069311 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutation screening and phenotypic profiling of 2 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-(ALS) and frontotemporal dementia-(FTD) associated genes, CHCHD10 and TUBA4A, were performed in a Belgian cohort of 459 FTD, 28 FTD-ALS, and 429 ALS patients. In CHCHD10, we identified a novel nonsense mutation (p.Gln108*) in a patient with atypical clinical FTD and pathology-confirmed Parkinson's disease (1/459, 0.22%) leading to loss of transcript. We further observed 3 previously described missense variants (p.Pro34Ser, p.Pro80Leu, and p.Pro96Thr) that were also present in the matched control series. In TUBA4A, we detected a novel frameshift mutation (p.Arg64Glyfs*90) leading to a truncated protein in 1 FTD patient (1/459 of 0.22%) with family history of Parkinson's disease and cognitive impairment, and a novel missense mutation (p.Thr381Met) in 2 sibs with familial ALS and memory problems (1 index patient/429, 0.23%) in whom we previously identified a pathogenic Chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 repeat expansion mutation. The present study confirms the role of CHCHD10 and TUBA4A in the FTD-ALS spectrum, although genetic variations in these 2 genes are extremely rare in the Belgian population and often associated with symptomatology of related neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Perrone
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hung Phuoc Nguyen
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Van Mossevelde
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne Sieben
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Santens
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan De Bleecker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Neurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Cras
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Neurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Martin
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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