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Zhan H, Cammann D, Cummings JL, Dong X, Chen J. Biomarker identification for Alzheimer's disease through integration of comprehensive Mendelian randomization and proteomics data. J Transl Med 2025; 23:278. [PMID: 40050982 PMCID: PMC11884171 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-025-06317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2025] [Indexed: 03/10/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia with few effective therapies. We aimed to identify potential plasma biomarkers or drug targets for AD by investigating the causal association between plasma proteins and AD by integrating comprehensive Mendelian randomization (MR) and multi-omics data. METHODS Using two-sample MR, cis protein quantitative trait loci (cis-pQTLs) for 1,916 plasma proteins were used as an exposure to infer their causal effect on AD liability in individuals of European ancestry, with two large-scale AD genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets as the outcome for discovery and replication. Significant causal relationships were validated by sensitivity analyses, reverse MR analysis, and Bayesian colocalization analysis. Additionally, we investigated the causal associations at the transcriptional level with cis gene expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTLs) data across brain tissues and blood in European ancestry populations, as well as causal plasma proteins in African ancestry populations. RESULTS In those of European ancestry, the genetically predicted levels of five plasma proteins (BLNK, CD2AP, GRN, PILRA, and PILRB) were causally associated with AD. Among these five proteins, GRN was protective against AD, while the rest were risk factors. Consistent causal effects were found in the brain for cis-eQTLs of GRN, BLNK, and CD2AP, while the same was true for PILRA in the blood. None of the plasma proteins were significantly associated with AD in persons of African ancestry. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive MR analyses with multi-omics data identified five plasma proteins that had causal effects on AD, highlighting potential biomarkers or drug targets for better diagnosis and treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhan
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Davis Cammann
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA
- School of Life Science, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Xianjun Dong
- Stephen and Denise Adams Center for Parkinson's Disease Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology and Section of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science (BIDS), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA.
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA.
- School of Life Science, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA.
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Wei S, Shen R, Lu X, Li X, He L, Zhang Y, Yang J, Shu Z, Huang X. Mendelian randomization provides a multi-omics perspective on the regulation of genes involved in ribosome biogenesis in relation to cardiac structure and function. Clin Epigenetics 2025; 17:42. [PMID: 40045424 PMCID: PMC11884004 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-025-01850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 03/09/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribosome biogenesis (RiboSis) is a complex process for generating ribosomes, the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. Dysfunctional RiboSis can disrupt cardiac structure and function, contributing to cardiovascular diseases. This study employed a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, integrating multi-omics data, to investigate the relationship between RiboSis-related genes and standard cardiac structure and function. METHODS We utilized summary stats for methylation, RNA splicing, and gene expression, and UK Biobank cardiopulm MRI genetic associations (N = 41,135). MR evaluated RiboSis gene features against traits, complemented by hypothesis prioritization for multi-trait colocalization (HyPrColoc) and colocalization. Composite scores ranked RiboSis genes, and phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) with scQTLbase instrumental variables (IVs) confirmed results. RESULTS We identified 15 RiboSis-related genes: HEATR1, SENP3, ERI1, ERCC2, TSR1, UTP11, DDX17, SMARCB1, NIP7, ERAL1, NOP56, RPL10A, EIF6, EXOSC9, and NOP58. Notably, HEATR1 and SENP3 were ranked in the top quartile (Q1), scoring 25. In validation cohort, 12 genes associated with cardiac structures, functions, diseases. Only ERAL1, TSR1, and NIP7 lacked significant associations with cardiac traits. CONCLUSION Our multi-omics MR analysis identified 15 RiboSis-related genes associated with cardiac risk, with 12 further validated through gene set enrichment analysis. These findings suggest a link between RiboSis and cardiac health, enhancing understanding of cardiac disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxu Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No.57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No.57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Ronghuai Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No.57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Xiaojia Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No.57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No.57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No.57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Lingbin He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No.57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Youti Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jie xi's People Hospital, Jieyang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahang Yang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhouwu Shu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No.57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - Xianxi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No.57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No.57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Jie xi's People Hospital, Jieyang, Guangdong, China.
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Tan X, Xiao Z, Wen Y, Liu H, Yu W. Advancing allergic rhinitis research through phenome-wide association studies: Insights from known genetic loci. World Allergy Organ J 2025; 18:101014. [PMID: 39807185 PMCID: PMC11728958 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2024.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 10/14/2024] [Accepted: 11/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common chronic respiratory disease that can lead to the development of various other conditions. Although genetic risk loci associated with AR have been reported, the connections between these loci and AR comorbidities or other diseases remain unclear. Methods This study conducted a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) using known AR risk loci to explore the impact of known AR risk variants on a broad spectrum of phenotypes. Subsequently, linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization (TSMR) analyses were used to further analyze the genetic correlation and causal relationships between significant and potentially related phenotypes and AR. Results The PheWAS analysis indicated significant associations between asthma, eczema, nasal polyps, hypothyroidism, and AR risk variants. Additionally, potential associations were observed with ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, chalazion, pernicious anemia, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, arthritis, prostate cancer, varicose veins of lower extremities, and heart attack. LDSC analysis showed that only asthma, eczema, and nasal polyps have significant positive genetic correlations with AR. Furthermore, TSMR analysis revealed causal relationships between AR and asthma, eczema, and nasal polyps. Conclusion This study highlights the impact of AR risk loci on a variety of diseases. By revealing new associations and shared genetic pathways, our findings provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of AR and pave the way for more effective targeted interventions to manage AR and its related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingling Tan
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhouyouyou Xiao
- Department of Audiology and Speech Rehabilitation, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Wen
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Liu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang Y, Li S, Lu J, Yuan T. Causal association between pregnancy disorders and neonatal jaundice: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Transl Pediatr 2024; 13:2193-2203. [PMID: 39823005 PMCID: PMC11732633 DOI: 10.21037/tp-24-335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Some studies have suggested that complications during pregnancy, such as preeclampsia, leiomyoma during pregnancy, oxytocin induction, and mode of delivery, may be risk factors for neonatal jaundice. Herein, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate a causal association between pregnancy disorders and neonatal jaundice. Methods Data related to neonatal jaundice and pregnancy disorders (including pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and gestational edema) were sourced from the FinnGen Consortium and Integrated Epidemiology Unit (IEU) databases. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was used as a main approach for data analysis, while MR-Egger, weighted median (WM), and weighted mode methods were used to validate the robustness of the results. MR-Egger regression method was applied to explore the presence of horizontal pleiotropy. MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) method was used to detect potential outliers. Cochran's Q test was used to assess heterogeneity among instrumental variables (IVs); leave-one-out (LOO) analyses were used to evaluate the presence of predominant IVs. Results The IVW approach showed that pre-eclampsia or eclampsia {odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.86 (0.36-2.07), P=0.73}, gestational edema and proteinuria [OR (95% CI): 1.04 (0.62-1.74), P=0.87], and gestational diabetes mellitus [OR (95% CI): 0.95 (0.60-1.49), P=0.81] were not associated with neonatal jaundice. The MR-Egger regression results showed that horizontal pleiotropy did not affect the relationship between exposure factors and outcomes. Also, no heterogeneity was observed. The MR-PRESSO analysis showed no outliers, confirming that these data were robust. Conclusions Our data suggested no genetic causal association between pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, gestational edema, proteinuria, gestational diabetes mellitus, and neonatal jaundice. However, further research is needed to determine if these results apply to other races.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neonatology, Shaoxing Keqiao Women & Children’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neonatology, Shaoxing Keqiao Women & Children’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jiajin Lu
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neonatology, Shaoxing Keqiao Women & Children’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Tianming Yuan
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Fitzsimons LA, Atif-Sheikh M, Lovely J, Mueth M, Rice M, Kotredes K, Howell G, Harrison BJ. CD2AP is Co-Expressed with Tropomyosin-Related Kinase A and Ras-Related Protein Rab-5A in Cholinergic Neurons of the Murine Basal Forebrain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.24.604961. [PMID: 39211110 PMCID: PMC11361140 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.24.604961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons project to the hippocampus and cortex, are critical for learning and memory, and are central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). GWAS have consistently shown that genomic variants at the CD2AP gene locus are associated with significant increased risk of AD. GWAS studies have also shown that genetic variants in endocytosis genes, including RAB5A , significantly increase susceptibility to AD. Previous work in our lab has shown that CD2AP functions as a docking-scaffold/adaptor protein as a coordinator of nerve growth factor (NGF) and trophic signaling in neurons. We have also demonstrated that CD2AP positively regulates Rab5-mediated mechanisms of endocytosis in primary sensory neurons. The purpose of this study was to perform an in vivo characterization of CD2AP expression in cholinergic neurons of the brain regions most relevant to AD pathogenesis and to investigate the colocalization of CD2AP and Rab5 in cholinergic neurons of the murine basal forebrain. Brain tissue was perfused, harvested from ChAT BAC -eGFP transgenic mice (N=4 male, N=4 female; aged 10 mo), where cholinergic neurons (co-) express green fluorescence protein (GFP) in central and peripheral neurons that express choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Frozen tissue sections were used to assess the specificity of the reporter in mouse brain along with localization of both CD2AP and Rab5 (co-) expression using immunofluorescence (IF) analysis of ChAT-GFP+ neurons and primary antibodies against ChAT, CD2AP and Rab5. Image J software was used to develop and optimize a colocalization assay for CD2AP and Rab5 puncta. Experiments were repeated in a follow-up cohort of aged-adult mice (N=2 male, N=2 female; aged 18 mo). IF expression of CD2AP was quantified in the basal forebrain, diagonal band of Broca (vDB), and striatal regions and compared to results from the cortical regions of the adult mouse brain. Colocalization of CD2AP was observed in the cell bodies of ChAT-GFP+ neurons of the striatum, vDB and basal forebrain regions, where CD2AP expression intensity as well as the number of cell bodies with positive signal increased incrementally. Colocalization analyses revealed near-complete overlap of CD2AP and Rab5 expression in ChAT-GFP+ cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain region. We conclude that cholinergic neurons express CD2AP in healthy adult and aged-adult mouse brains. These data provide the first evidence of quantifiable CD2AP protein expression of cholinergic neurons specific to the diagonal band of Broca (vDB) and basal forebrain. Together with previous research from our lab, these data support a role for CD2AP in the pathogenesis of AD through orchestration of endocytosis and retrograde signaling. Ongoing studies are underway to verify these findings in a novel AD mouse model that incorporates the humanized variant of CD2AP , created by MODEL-AD, where we aim to further investigate how CD2AP variants may affect mechanistic components of Rab5 endocytosis as well as subsequent survival of cholinergic neurons in the context of known amyloid beta and Tau pathologies.
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Jiang B, Wu S, Zeng L, Tang Y, Luo L, Ouyang L, Feng W, Tan Y, Li Y. Impact of NDUFAF6 on breast cancer prognosis: linking mitochondrial regulation to immune response and PD-L1 expression. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:99. [PMID: 38459583 PMCID: PMC10921816 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a major global health concern, and there is a continuous search for novel biomarkers to predict its prognosis. The mitochondrial protein NDUFAF6, previously studied in liver cancer, is now being investigated for its role in breast cancer. This study aims to explore the expression and functional significance of NDUFAF6 in breast cancer using various databases and experimental models. METHODS We analyzed breast cancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases, supplemented with immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining to assess NDUFAF6 expression. A breast cancer cell xenograft mouse model was used to evaluate tumor growth, apoptosis, and NDUFAF6 expression. Survival probabilities were estimated through Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox regression analysis. A Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and differentially expressed genes related to NDUFAF6 were analyzed using GO, KEGG, and GSEA. The relationship between NDUFAF6 expression, immune checkpoints, and immune infiltration was also evaluated. RESULTS NDUFAF6 was found to be overexpressed in breast cancer patients and in the xenograft mouse model. Its expression correlated with worse clinical features and prognosis. NDUFAF6 expression was an independent predictor of breast cancer outcomes in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Functionally, NDUFAF6 is implicated in several immune-related pathways. Crucially, NDUFAF6 expression correlated with various immune infiltrating cells and checkpoints, particularly promoting PD-L1 expression by inhibiting the NRF2 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The study establishes NDUFAF6 as a potential prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. Its mechanism of action, involving the inhibition of NRF2 to upregulate PD-L1, highlights its significance in the disease's progression and potential as a target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lijun Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbin Tang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lunqi Luo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianjie Ouyang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Feng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeru Tan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Li Y, Xu M, Xiang BL, Li X, Zhang DF, Zhao H, Bi R, Yao YG. Functional genomics identify causal variant underlying the protective CTSH locus for Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1555-1566. [PMID: 36739351 PMCID: PMC10516988 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disease, which has a high heritability of up to 79%. Exploring the genetic basis is essential for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms underlying AD development. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) reported an AD-associated signal in the Cathepsin H (CTSH) gene in European populations. However, the exact functional/causal variant(s), and the genetic regulating mechanism of CTSH in AD remain to be determined. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive study to characterize the role of CTSH variants in the pathogenesis of AD. We identified rs2289702 in CTSH as the most significant functional variant that is associated with a protective effect against AD. The genetic association between rs2289702 and AD was validated in independent cohorts of the Han Chinese population. The CTSH mRNA expression level was significantly increased in AD patients and AD animal models, and the protective allele T of rs2289702 was associated with a decreased expression level of CTSH through the disruption of the binding affinity of transcription factors. Human microglia cells with CTSH knockout showed a significantly increased phagocytosis of Aβ peptides. Our study identified CTSH as being involved in AD genetic susceptibility and uncovered the genetic regulating mechanism of CTSH in pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo-Lin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Deng-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 650204, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Bi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 650204, Kunming, China.
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Zhang DF, Li M. Toward a Full Understanding of Causal and Modifiable Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease by Integrative Phenome-wide Association Studies. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:756-758. [PMID: 37045512 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province and the KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China, and the Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province and the KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China, and the Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China.
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