1
|
Peterson BS, Kaur T, Sawardekar S, Colibazzi T, Hao X, Wexler BE, Bansal R. Aberrant hippocampus and amygdala morphology associated with cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1126577. [PMID: 36909281 PMCID: PMC9996667 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1126577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Working memory deficits are thought to be a primary disturbance in schizophrenia. We aimed to identify differences in morphology of the hippocampus and amygdala in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls (HCs), and in patients who were either neuropsychologically near normal (NPNN) or neuropsychologically impaired (NPI). Morphological disturbances in the same subfields of the hippocampus and amygdala, but of greater magnitude in those with NPI, would strengthen evidence for the centrality of these limbic regions and working memory deficits in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Methods We acquired anatomical MRIs in 69 patients with schizophrenia (18 NPNN, 46 NPI) and 63 age-matched HC participants. We compared groups in hippocampus and amygdala surface morphologies and correlated morphological measures with clinical symptoms and working memory scores. Results Schizophrenia was associated with inward deformations of the head and tail of the hippocampus, protrusion of the hippocampal body, and widespread inward deformations of the amygdala. In the same regions where we detected the effects of schizophrenia, morphological measures correlated positively with the severity of symptoms and inversely with working memory performance. Patients with NPI displayed a similar pattern of anatomical abnormality compared to patients with NPNN. Conclusion Our findings indicate that anatomical abnormalities of the hippocampus relate to working memory performance and clinical symptoms in persons with schizophrenia. Moreover, NPNN and NPI patients may lie on a continuum of severity, both in terms of working memory abilities and altered brain structure, with NPI patients being more severe than NPNN patients in both domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S. Peterson
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry at the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bradley S. Peterson,
| | - Tejal Kaur
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Siddhant Sawardekar
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry at the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tiziano Colibazzi
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xuejun Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bruce E. Wexler
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ravi Bansal
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry at the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Roeske MJ, Lyu I, McHugo M, Blackford JU, Woodward ND, Heckers S. Incomplete Hippocampal Inversion: A Neurodevelopmental Mechanism for Hippocampal Shape Deformation in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:314-322. [PMID: 35487783 PMCID: PMC9339515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shape analyses of patients with schizophrenia have revealed bilateral deformations of the anterolateral hippocampus, primarily localized to the CA1 subfield. Incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI), an anatomical variant of the human hippocampus resulting from an arrest during neurodevelopment, is more prevalent and severe in patients with schizophrenia. We hypothesized that IHI would affect the shape of the hippocampus and contribute to hippocampal shape differences in schizophrenia. METHODS We studied 199 patients with schizophrenia and 161 healthy control participants with structural magnetic resonance imaging to measure the prevalence and severity of IHI. High-fidelity hippocampal surface reconstructions were generated with the SPHARM-PDM toolkit. We used general linear models in SurfStat to test for group shape differences, the impact of IHI on hippocampal shape variation, and whether IHI contributes to hippocampal shape abnormalities in schizophrenia. RESULTS Not including IHI as a main effect in our between-group comparison replicated well-established hippocampal shape differences in patients with schizophrenia localized to the CA1 subfield in the anterolateral hippocampus. Shape differences were also observed near the uncus and hippocampal tail. IHI was associated with outward displacements of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the hippocampus and inward displacements of the medial and lateral surfaces. Including IHI as a main effect in our between-group comparison eliminated the bilateral shape differences in the CA1 subfield. Shape differences in the uncus persisted after including IHI. CONCLUSIONS IHI impacts hippocampal shape. Our results suggest IHI as a neurodevelopmental mechanism for the well-known shape differences, particularly in the CA1 subfield, in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell J Roeske
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Ilwoo Lyu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Maureen McHugo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gutman BA, van Erp TG, Alpert K, Ching CRK, Isaev D, Ragothaman A, Jahanshad N, Saremi A, Zavaliangos‐Petropulu A, Glahn DC, Shen L, Cong S, Alnæs D, Andreassen OA, Doan NT, Westlye LT, Kochunov P, Satterthwaite TD, Wolf DH, Huang AJ, Kessler C, Weideman A, Nguyen D, Mueller BA, Faziola L, Potkin SG, Preda A, Mathalon DH, Bustillo J, Calhoun V, Ford JM, Walton E, Ehrlich S, Ducci G, Banaj N, Piras F, Piras F, Spalletta G, Canales‐Rodríguez EJ, Fuentes‐Claramonte P, Pomarol‐Clotet E, Radua J, Salvador R, Sarró S, Dickie EW, Voineskos A, Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez D, Crespo‐Facorro B, Setién‐Suero E, van Son JM, Borgwardt S, Schönborn‐Harrisberger F, Morris D, Donohoe G, Holleran L, Cannon D, McDonald C, Corvin A, Gill M, Filho GB, Rosa PGP, Serpa MH, Zanetti MV, Lebedeva I, Kaleda V, Tomyshev A, Crow T, James A, Cervenka S, Sellgren CM, Fatouros‐Bergman H, Agartz I, Howells F, Stein DJ, Temmingh H, Uhlmann A, de Zubicaray GI, McMahon KL, Wright M, Cobia D, Csernansky JG, Thompson PM, Turner JA, Wang L. A meta-analysis of deep brain structural shape and asymmetry abnormalities in 2,833 individuals with schizophrenia compared with 3,929 healthy volunteers via the ENIGMA Consortium. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:352-372. [PMID: 34498337 PMCID: PMC8675416 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with widespread alterations in subcortical brain structure. While analytic methods have enabled more detailed morphometric characterization, findings are often equivocal. In this meta-analysis, we employed the harmonized ENIGMA shape analysis protocols to collaboratively investigate subcortical brain structure shape differences between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy control participants. The study analyzed data from 2,833 individuals with schizophrenia and 3,929 healthy control participants contributed by 21 worldwide research groups participating in the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. Harmonized shape analysis protocols were applied to each site's data independently for bilateral hippocampus, amygdala, caudate, accumbens, putamen, pallidum, and thalamus obtained from T1-weighted structural MRI scans. Mass univariate meta-analyses revealed more-concave-than-convex shape differences in the hippocampus, amygdala, accumbens, and thalamus in individuals with schizophrenia compared with control participants, more-convex-than-concave shape differences in the putamen and pallidum, and both concave and convex shape differences in the caudate. Patterns of exaggerated asymmetry were observed across the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus in individuals with schizophrenia compared to control participants, while diminished asymmetry encompassed ventral striatum and ventral and dorsal thalamus. Our analyses also revealed that higher chlorpromazine dose equivalents and increased positive symptom levels were associated with patterns of contiguous convex shape differences across multiple subcortical structures. Findings from our shape meta-analysis suggest that common neurobiological mechanisms may contribute to gray matter reduction across multiple subcortical regions, thus enhancing our understanding of the nature of network disorganization in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris A. Gutman
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringIllinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute)MoscowRussia
| | - Theo G.M. van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kathryn Alpert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dmitry Isaev
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Anjani Ragothaman
- Department of biomedical engineeringOregon Health and Science universityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Arvin Saremi
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Artemis Zavaliangos‐Petropulu
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of PsychiatryBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and InformaticsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Shan Cong
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and InformaticsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ole Andreas Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Alexander J. Huang
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Charles Kessler
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrea Weideman
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dana Nguyen
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bryon A. Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Lawrence Faziola
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Steven G. Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Judith Ford Mental HealthVA San Francisco Healthcare SystemSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Juan Bustillo
- Departments of Psychiatry & NeuroscienceUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Tri‐institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) [Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology]Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringThe University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Judith M. Ford
- Judith Ford Mental HealthVA San Francisco Healthcare SystemSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental NeurosciencesFaculty of Medicine, TU‐DresdenDresdenGermany
| | | | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of NeuropsychiatryIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of NeuropsychiatryIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of NeuropsychiatryIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of NeuropsychiatryIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | | | | | - Joaquim Radua
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationCIBERSAMBarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationCIBERSAMBarcelonaSpain
| | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationCIBERSAMBarcelonaSpain
| | - Erin W. Dickie
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH)TorontoCanada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of LübeckLübeckGermany
| | | | - Derek Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, Discipline of BiochemistryNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of PsychologyNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of PsychologyNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Dara Cannon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive GenomicsNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Colm McDonald
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive GenomicsNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of PsychiatryTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity College Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of PsychiatryTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity College Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Geraldo Busatto Filho
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM‐21), Departamento e Instituto de PsiquiatriaHospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloSPBrazil
| | - Pedro G. P. Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM‐21), Departamento e Instituto de PsiquiatriaHospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloSPBrazil
| | - Mauricio H. Serpa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM‐21), Departamento e Instituto de PsiquiatriaHospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloSPBrazil
| | - Marcus V. Zanetti
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM‐21), Departamento e Instituto de PsiquiatriaHospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloSPBrazil
- Hospital Sirio‐LibanesSao PauloSPBrazil
| | - Irina Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal AnalysisMental Health Research CenterMoscowRussia
| | - Vasily Kaleda
- Department of Endogenous Mental DisordersMental Health Research CenterMoscowRussia
| | - Alexander Tomyshev
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal AnalysisMental Health Research CenterMoscowRussia
| | - Tim Crow
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Anthony James
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Reserach, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region StockholmStockholmSweden
| | - Carl M Sellgren
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Helena Fatouros‐Bergman
- Centre for Psychiatry Reserach, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region StockholmStockholmSweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Fleur Howells
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownWCSouth Africa
- Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape Town, Cape TownWCSouth Africa
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownWCSouth Africa
- Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape Town, Cape TownWCSouth Africa
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental DisordersUniversity of Cape TownCape TownWCSouth Africa
| | - Henk Temmingh
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownWCSouth Africa
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownWCSouth Africa
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryTU DresdenGermany
| | - Greig I. de Zubicaray
- School of Psychology, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Katie L. McMahon
- School of Clinical SciencesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Margie Wright
- Queensland Brain InstituteUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Derin Cobia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience CenterBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
| | - John G. Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral HealthOhio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Roeske MJ, McHugo M, Vandekar S, Blackford JU, Woodward ND, Heckers S. Incomplete hippocampal inversion in schizophrenia: prevalence, severity, and impact on hippocampal structure. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5407-5416. [PMID: 33437006 PMCID: PMC8589684 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-01010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI) is an anatomical variant of the human brain resulting from an arrest in brain development, especially prevalent in the left hemisphere. We hypothesized that IHI is more common in schizophrenia and contributes to the well-known hippocampal structural differences. We studied 199 schizophrenia patients and 161 healthy control participants with 3 T MRI to establish IHI prevalence and the relationship of IHI with hippocampal volume and asymmetry. IHI was more prevalent (left hemisphere: 15% of healthy control participants, 27% of schizophrenia patients; right hemisphere: 4% of healthy control participants, 10% of schizophrenia patients) and more severe in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy control participants. Severe IHI cases were associated with a higher rate of automated segmentation failure. IHI contributed to smaller hippocampal volume and increased R > L volume asymmetry in schizophrenia. The increased prevalence and severity of IHI supports the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. The impact of this developmental variant deserves further exploration in studies of the hippocampus in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell J. Roeske
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Maureen McHugo
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Simon Vandekar
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.413806.8Research Health Scientist, Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Neil D. Woodward
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Stephan Heckers
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Volumetric and morphological characteristics of the hippocampus are associated with progression to schizophrenia in patients with first-episode psychosis. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 45:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Abnormalities in the hippocampus have been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychosis. However, it is still unclear whether certain abnormalities are a pre-existing vulnerability factor, a sign of disease progression or a consequence of environmental factors. We hypothesized that first-episode psychosis patients who progress to schizophrenia after one year of follow up will display greater volumetric and morphological changes from the very beginning of the disorder.Methods:We studied the hippocampus of 41 patients with a first-episode psychosis and 41 matched healthy controls. MRI was performed at the time of the inclusion in the study. After one year, the whole sample was reevaluated and divided in two groups depending on the diagnoses (schizophrenia vs. non-schizophrenia).Results:Patients who progressed to schizophrenia showed a significantly smaller left hippocampus volume than control group and no-schizophrenia group (F = 3.54; df = 2, 77; P = 0.03). We also found significant differences in the morphology of the anterior hippocampus (CA1) of patients with first-episode psychosis who developed schizophrenia compared with patients who did not.Conclusions:These results are consistent with the assumption of hyperfunctioning dopaminergic cortico-subcortical circuits in schizophrenia, which might be related with an alteration of subcortical structures, such as the hippocampus, along the course of the disease. According with these results, hippocampus abnormalities may serve as a prognostic marker of clinical outcome in patients with a first-episode psychosis.
Collapse
|
6
|
A Role for Phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A) in the Formation of Social Memories and the Stabilization of Mood. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 17:201-230. [PMID: 28956334 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The most recently discovered 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family is the Phosphodiesterase 11 (PDE11) family, which is encoded by a single gene PDE11A. PDE11A is a dual-specific PDE, breaking down both cAMP and cGMP. There are four PDE11A splice variants (PDE11A1-4) with distinct tissue expression profiles and unique N-terminal regulatory regions, suggesting that each isoform could be individually targeted with a small molecule or biologic. PDE11A4 is the PDE11A isoform expressed in brain and is found in the hippocampal formation of humans and rodents. Studies in rodents show that PDE11A4 mRNA expression in brain is, in fact, restricted to the hippocampal formation (CA1, possibly CA2, subiculum, and the adjacently connected amygdalohippocampal area). Within the hippocampal formation of rodents, PDE11A4 protein is expressed in neurons but not astrocytes, with a distribution across nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membrane compartments. This subcellular localization of PDE11A4 is altered in response to social experience in mouse, and in vitro studies show the compartmentalization of PDE11A4 is controlled, at least in part, by homodimerization and N-terminal phosphorylation. PDE11A4 expression dramatically increases in the hippocampus with age in the rodent hippocampus, from early postnatal life to late aging, suggesting PDE11A4 function may evolve across the lifespan. Interestingly, PDE11A4 protein shows a three to tenfold enrichment in the rodent ventral hippocampal formation (VHIPP; a.k.a. anterior in primates) versus dorsal hippocampal formation (DHIPP). Consistent with this enrichment in VHIPP, studies in knockout mice show that PDE11A regulates the formation of social memories and the stabilization of mood and is a critical mechanism by which social experience feeds back to modify the brain and subsequent social behaviors. PDE11A4 likely controls behavior by regulating hippocampal glutamatergic, oxytocin, and cytokine signaling, as well as protein translation. Given its unique tissue distribution and relatively selective effects on behavior, PDE11A may represent a novel therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric, neurodevelopmental, or age-related disorders. Therapeutically targeting PDE11A4 may be a way to selectively restore aberrant cyclic nucleotide signaling in the hippocampal formation while leaving the rest of the brain and periphery untouched, thus, relieving deficits while avoiding unwanted side effects.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kalmady SV, Shivakumar V, Arasappa R, Subramaniam A, Gautham S, Venkatasubramanian G, Gangadhar BN. Clinical correlates of hippocampus volume and shape in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 263:93-102. [PMID: 28371658 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
While volume deficit of hippocampus is an established finding in schizophrenia, very few studies have examined large sample of patients without the confounding effect of antipsychotic treatment. Concurrent evaluation of hippocampus shape will offer additional information on the hippocampal aberrations in schizophrenia. In this study, we analyzed the volume and shape of hippocampus in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients (N=71) in comparison to healthy controls (N=82). Using 3-T MRI data, gray matter (GM) volume (anterior and posterior sub-divisions) and shape of the hippocampus were analyzed. Schizophrenia patients had significant hippocampal GM volume deficits (specifically the anterior sub-division) in comparison to healthy controls. There were significant positive correlations between anterior hippocampus volume and psychopathology scores of positive syndrome. Shape analyses revealed significant inward deformation of bilateral hippocampal surface in patients. In conclusion, our study findings add robust support for volume deficit in hippocampus in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia. Hippocampal shape deficits in schizophrenia observed in this study map to anterior CA1 sub-region. The differential relationship of anterior hippocampus (but not posterior hippocampus) with clinical symptoms is in tune with the findings in animal models. Further systematic studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between these hippocampal gray matter deficits with white matter and functional connectivity to facilitate understanding the hippocampal network abnormalities in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Vasu Kalmady
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India; Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Venkataram Shivakumar
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India; Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Rashmi Arasappa
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Aditi Subramaniam
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - S Gautham
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India; Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Bangalore N Gangadhar
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hegde S, Ji H, Oliver D, Patel NS, Poupore N, Shtutman M, Kelly MP. PDE11A regulates social behaviors and is a key mechanism by which social experience sculpts the brain. Neuroscience 2016; 335:151-69. [PMID: 27544407 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that appropriate social behaviors are vital to thriving in one's environment, little is understood of the molecular mechanisms controlling social behaviors or how social experience sculpts these signaling pathways. Here, we determine if Phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A), an enzyme that is enriched in the ventral hippocampal formation (VHIPP) and that breaks down cAMP and cGMP, regulates social behaviors. PDE11 wild-type (WT), heterozygous (HT), and knockout (KO) mice were tested in various social approach assays and gene expression differences were measured by RNA sequencing. The effect of social isolation on PDE11A4 compartmentalization and subsequent social interactions and social memory was also assessed. Deletion of PDE11A triggered age- and sex-dependent deficits in social approach in specific social contexts but not others. Mice appear to detect altered social behaviors of PDE11A KO mice, because C57BL/6J mice prefer to spend time with a sex-matched PDE11A WT vs. its KO littermate; whereas, a PDE11A KO prefers to spend time with a novel PDE11A KO vs. its WT littermate. Not only is PDE11A required for intact social interactions, we found that 1month of social isolation vs. group housing decreased PDE11A4 protein expression specifically within the membrane fraction of VHIPP. This isolation-induced decrease in PDE11A4 expression appears functional because social isolation impairs subsequent social approach behavior and social memory in a PDE11A genotype-dependent manner. Pathway analyses following RNA sequencing suggests PDE11A is a key regulator of the oxytocin pathway and membrane signaling, consistent with its pivotal role in regulating social behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Hegde
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Hao Ji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, United States
| | - David Oliver
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, United States
| | - Neema S Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Nicolas Poupore
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Michael Shtutman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, United States
| | - Michy P Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dean DJ, Orr JM, Bernard JA, Gupta T, Pelletier-Baldelli A, Carol EE, Mittal VA. Hippocampal Shape Abnormalities Predict Symptom Progression in Neuroleptic-Free Youth at Ultrahigh Risk for Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:161-9. [PMID: 26113620 PMCID: PMC4681548 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hippocampal abnormalities have been widely studied in schizophrenia spectrum populations including those at ultrahigh risk (UHR) for psychosis. There have been inconsistent findings concerning hippocampal morphology prior to and during the transition to psychosis, and little is known about how specific subregions are related to the symptom progression. METHODS A total of 80 participants (38 UHR and 42 healthy controls) underwent a 3T MRI scan, as well as structured clinical interviews. Shape analysis of hippocampi was conducted with FSL/FIRST vertex analysis to yield a localized measure of shape differences between groups. A subgroup of the sample (24 UHR and 24 controls) also returned for a 12-month clinical follow-up assessment. RESULTS The UHR group exhibited smaller hippocampal volumes bilaterally, and shape analysis revealed significant inversion in the left ventral posterior hippocampus in the UHR group. Greater inversion in this subregion was related to elevated symptomatology at baseline and increased positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and impaired tolerance to normal stress 12 months later. These results did not hold when left hippocampal volume was used as a predictor instead. DISCUSSION This represents the first study to use vertex analysis in a UHR sample and results suggest that abnormalities in hippocampal shape appear to reflect underlying pathogenic processes driving the progression of illness. These findings suggest that examining shape and volume may provide an important new perspective for our conception of brain alterations in the UHR period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Dean
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, and
| | - Joseph M Orr
- Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | | | - Tina Gupta
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
| | | | | | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Roalf DR, Vandekar SN, Almasy L, Ruparel K, Satterthwaite TD, Elliott MA, Podell J, Gallagher S, Jackson CT, Prasad K, Wood J, Pogue-Geile MF, Nimgaonkar VL, Gur RC, Gur RE. Heritability of subcortical and limbic brain volume and shape in multiplex-multigenerational families with schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:137-46. [PMID: 24976379 PMCID: PMC4247350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain abnormalities of subcortical and limbic nuclei are common in patients with schizophrenia, and variation in these structures is considered a putative endophenotype for the disorder. Multiplex-multigenerational families with schizophrenia provide an opportunity to investigate the impact of shared genetic ancestry, but these families have not been previously examined to study structural brain abnormalities. We estimate the heritability of subcortical and hippocampal brain volumes in multiplex-multigenerational families and the heritability of subregions using advanced shape analysis. METHODS The study comprised 439 participants from two sites who underwent 3T structural magnetic resonance imaging. The participants included 190 European-Americans from 32 multiplex-multigenerational families with schizophrenia and 249 healthy comparison subjects. Subcortical and hippocampal volume and shape were measured in 14 brain structures. Heritability was estimated for volume and shape. RESULTS Volume and shape were heritable in families. Estimates of heritability in subcortical and limbic volumes ranged from .45 in the right hippocampus to .84 in the left putamen. The shape of these structures was heritable (range, .40-.49), and specific subregional shape estimates of heritability tended to exceed heritability estimates of volume alone. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that volume and shape of subcortical and limbic brain structures are potential endophenotypic markers in schizophrenia. The specificity obtained using shape analysis may improve selection of imaging phenotypes that better reflect the underlying neurobiology. Our findings can aid in the identification of specific genetic targets that affect brain structure and function in schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hippocampal shape abnormalities of patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013; 52:527-536.e2. [PMID: 23622854 PMCID: PMC3812431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The hippocampus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and hippocampal volume deficits have been a consistently reported abnormality, but the subregional specificity of the deficits remains unknown. The authors explored the nature and developmental trajectory of subregional shape abnormalities of the hippocampus in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS), their healthy siblings, and healthy volunteers. METHOD Two hundred twenty-five anatomic brain magnetic resonance images were obtained from 103 patients with COS, 169 from their 79 healthy siblings, and 255 from 101 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (age range = 9-29 years). The hippocampus was segmented using FreeSurfer automated image analysis software, and hippocampal shape was evaluated by comparing subjects at more than 6,000 vertices on the left and right hippocampal surfaces. Longitudinal data were examined using mixed model regression analysis. RESULTS Patients with COS showed significant bilateral inward deformation in the anterior hippocampus. Healthy siblings also showed a trend for anterior inward deformation. However, the trajectory of shape change did not differ significantly between the groups. Inward deformations in the anterior hippocampus were positively related to positive symptom severity, whereas outward surface displacement was positively related to overall functioning. CONCLUSION This is the first and largest longitudinal three-way analysis of subregional hippocampal shape abnormalities in patients with COS and their healthy siblings compared with healthy controls. The anterior hippocampal abnormalities in COS suggest the pathophysiologic importance of this subregion in schizophrenia. The trend level and overlapping shape abnormalities in the healthy siblings suggest a more subtle, subregionally specific neuroanatomic endophenotype.
Collapse
|
12
|
Waters-Metenier S, Toulopoulou T. Putative structural neuroimaging endophenotypes in schizophrenia: a comprehensive review of the current evidence. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.11.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The genetic contribution to schizophrenia etiopathogenesis is underscored by the fact that the best predictor of developing schizophrenia is having an affected first-degree relative, which increases lifetime risk by tenfold, as well as the observation that when both parents are affected, the risk of schizophrenia increases to approximately 50%, compared with 1% in the general population. The search to elucidate the complex genetic architecture of schizophrenia has employed various approaches, including twin and family studies to examine co-aggregation of brain abnormalities, studies on genetic linkage and studies using genome-wide association to identify genetic variations associated with schizophrenia. ‘Endophenotypes’, or ‘intermediate phenotypes’, are potentially narrower constructs of genetic risk. Hypothetically, they are intermediate in the pathway between genetic variation and clinical phenotypes and can supposedly be implemented to assist in the identification of genetic diathesis for schizophrenia and, possibly, in redefining clinical phenomenology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Waters-Metenier
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chon MW, Choi JS, Kang DH, Jung MH, Kwon JS. MRI study of the cavum septum pellucidum in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2010; 260:337-43. [PMID: 19856198 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-009-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The cavum septum pellucidum (CSP), a putative marker of neurodevelopmental anomaly, has been associated with an increased risk of several psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CSP in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compared with healthy control subjects. Seventy-one patients with OCD and 71 healthy volunteers matched for age and sex were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated the CSP using criteria employed in previous studies: presence of the CSP, length of the CSP, and overall size of the CSP, measured in five grades, ranging from grades 0 (no CSP) to 4 (severe CSP). We evaluated OCD symptom severity using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). The CSP presence was significantly greater in the OCD group (60.6%) than in control subjects (29.6%), and CSP size grade was significantly larger in the OCD group (chi(2) = 15.609, P = 0.004). CSP length showed no significant group difference. Among patients with OCD, those with a CSP had higher scores on the obsession subscale of the Y-BOCS than those without a CSP (Z = -2.358, P = 0.018), while they did not show significant difference from those without a CSP in the compulsion subscale of the Y-BOCS, age, duration of illness, or age at onset. These results indicate that neurodevelopmental alterations in midline structures might contribute to the pathogenesis of OCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Wuk Chon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ho BC, Magnotta V. Hippocampal volume deficits and shape deformities in young biological relatives of schizophrenia probands. Neuroimage 2009; 49:3385-93. [PMID: 19941961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal volume decrement may be one of the changes that most closely pre-date schizophrenia onset. Studying hippocampal developmental morphology in adolescent or young adult biological relatives of schizophrenia probands has the potential to further our understanding of the neurodevelopmental etiology of schizophrenia and to discover biomarkers that may aid its early identification. We utilized an artificial neural network segmentation algorithm to automatically define and reliably measure MRI hippocampus volumes. We compared 46 young, nonpsychotic biological relatives of probands against 46 healthy controls without family history of schizophrenia and 46 schizophrenia probands (age range=13 to 28 years). We further contrasted hippocampal shape differences using spherical harmonic functions and assessed how obstetric complications (a trigger for aberrant in utero neurodevelopment) may contribute to hippocampal abnormalities. Similar to schizophrenia probands, unaffected biological relatives of probands had significantly smaller hippocampus volumes than controls; which correspond to inward displacements in shape deformities principally in the anterior hippocampal subregions. Examination of hippocampus volume-age relationships indicate that hippocampus volume normally decreases with age during late adolescence through early adulthood. In contrast, relatives of probands did not show these age-expected changes. Deviant hippocampus volume-age relationships suggest aberrant hippocampal neurodevelopment among biological relatives. Relatives with a history of obstetric complications had significantly smaller left and right hippocampi than relatives without obstetrics complications, including a dose relationship such that greater number of birth complications correlated with smaller hippocampus. Similar hippocampal volume deficits-obstetric complications relationships were observed among schizophrenia probands. Hippocampal abnormalities in schizophrenia are likely to be mediated by different neurobiological mechanisms, including factors associated with obstetric complications which occur during early neurodevelopment. Other brain maturational anomalies affecting the hippocampus in schizophrenia may manifest closer to illness onset in adolescence/early adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beng-Choon Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, W278 GH, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The authors performed a three-dimensional shape deformation analysis to clarify the various patterns of specific thalamic nuclei abnormality using three age-matched and sex-matched groups of 22 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 22 patients with schizophrenia and 22 control participants. Compared with the healthy volunteers, the anterior, lateral outward surface deformities of the thalamus were significant in OCD patients, whereas the posterior, medial outward deformities of the thalamus were prominent in schizophrenia patients. In terms of thalamic asymmetry, both OCD and schizophrenia patients exhibited the loss of a leftward pattern of asymmetry on the posterior, medial surface of the thalamus. Different patterns of shape abnormality of specific thalamic nuclei may be related to the different phenomenology of OCD and schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao Z, Taylor WD, Styner M, Steffens DC, Krishnan KRR, MacFall JR. Hippocampus shape analysis and late-life depression. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1837. [PMID: 18350172 PMCID: PMC2265542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression in the elderly is associated with brain structural changes and vascular lesions. Changes in the subcortical regions of the limbic system have also been noted. Studies examining hippocampus volumetric differences in depression have shown variable results, possibly due to any volume differences being secondary to local shape changes rather than differences in the overall volume. Shape analysis offers the potential to detect such changes. The present study applied spherical harmonic (SPHARM) shape analysis to the left and right hippocampi of 61 elderly subjects with major depression and 43 non-depressed elderly subjects. Statistical models controlling for age, sex, and total cerebral volume showed a significant reduction in depressed compared with control subjects in the left hippocampus (F1,103 = 5.26; p = 0.0240) but not right hippocampus volume (F1,103 = 0.41; p = 0.5213). Shape analysis showed significant differences in the mid-body of the left (but not the right) hippocampus between depressed and controls. When the depressed group was dichotomized into those whose depression was remitted at time of imaging and those who were unremitted, the shape comparison showed remitted subjects to be indistinguishable from controls (both sides) while the unremitted subjects differed in the midbody and the lateral side near the head. Hippocampal volume showed no difference between controls and remitted subjects but nonremitted subjects had significantly smaller left hippocampal volumes with no significant group differences in the right hippocampus. These findings may provide support to other reports of neurogenic effects of antidepressants and their relation to successful treatment for depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheen Zhao
- Neuropsychiatric Imaging Research Laboratory, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Choi JS, Kim SH, Yoo SY, Kang DH, Kim CW, Lee JM, Kim IY, Kim SI, Kim YY, Kwon JS. Shape deformity of the corpus striatum in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2007; 155:257-64. [PMID: 17572074 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2006] [Revised: 01/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Volumetric changes of striatal structures based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been inconsistent in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) due to methodological limitations. The purpose of this study was to investigate shape deformities of the corpus striatum in patients with OCD. We performed 3-D shape deformation analysis of the caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the globus pallidus in 36 patients with OCD and 36 healthy normal subjects. Shape analysis showed deformity of the striatal structures, especially the caudate nucleus. Outward deformities in the superior, anterior portion of the bilateral caudate were observed in patients with OCD. In addition, an outward deformity in the inferior, lateral portion of the left putamen was also detected. These results suggest that patients with OCD have shape deformities of the corpus striatum, especially the caudate nucleus, compared with healthy normal subjects, and that shape analysis may provide an important complement to volumetric MRI studies in investigating the pathophysiology of OCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hong SB, Shin YW, Kim SH, Yoo SY, Lee JM, Kim IY, Kim SI, Kwon JS. Hippocampal shape deformity analysis in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2007; 257:185-90. [PMID: 17464548 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-006-0655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Accepted: 09/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities of orbital prefrontal cortex and caudate nuclei have, thus far, been the main findings regarding the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). On the other hand, neuroimaging studies have failed to reach a consensus with regard to the issue of hippocampal abnormalities in OCD patients. Shape analysis may facilitate a resolution of the discordance among these former studies by detecting local structural changes, thus enhancing power to discriminate structural differences. It has been suggested that neural circuitry interconnecting brain areas may critically influence the shape of neuroanatomical structures, serving as a rationale for better sensitivity of shape analysis compared to volume analysis, especially in detecting abnormalities of neural circuitry. Shape analysis of the hippocampus was performed in 22 matched pairs of OCD patients and normal control subjects. As a result, we observed a bilateral hippocampal shape deformity including the most prominent characteristic of downward displacement of the head. The hippocampal structural alteration observed in this study indicates that this structure may play a role in the pathophysiology of OCD. Also, further considering the hippocampal neural connections specific to its surface topography, these surface deformities may reflect developmental alterations in these patients with regard to the neural circuitry involving hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soon Beom Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, SNUMRC, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, 110-744 Seoul, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shi Y, Thompson PM, de Zubicaray GI, Rose SE, Tu Z, Dinov I, Toga AW. Direct mapping of hippocampal surfaces with intrinsic shape context. Neuroimage 2007; 37:792-807. [PMID: 17625918 PMCID: PMC2227952 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2006] [Revised: 05/05/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose in this paper a new method for the mapping of hippocampal (HC) surfaces to establish correspondences between points on HC surfaces and enable localized HC shape analysis. A novel geometric feature, the intrinsic shape context, is defined to capture the global characteristics of the HC shapes. Based on this intrinsic feature, an automatic algorithm is developed to detect a set of landmark curves that are stable across population. The direct map between a source and target HC surface is then solved as the minimizer of a harmonic energy function defined on the source surface with landmark constraints. For numerical solutions, we compute the map with the approach of solving partial differential equations on implicit surfaces. The direct mapping method has the following properties: (1) it has the advantage of being automatic; (2) it is invariant to the pose of HC shapes. In our experiments, we apply the direct mapping method to study temporal changes of HC asymmetry in Alzheimer's disease (AD) using HC surfaces from 12 AD patients and 14 normal controls. Our results show that the AD group has a different trend in temporal changes of HC asymmetry than the group of normal controls. We also demonstrate the flexibility of the direct mapping method by applying it to construct spherical maps of HC surfaces. Spherical harmonics (SPHARM) analysis is then applied and it confirms our results on temporal changes of HC asymmetry in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Shi
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 1
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 1
| | - Greig I. de Zubicaray
- Centre for Magnetic Resonance, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stephen E. Rose
- Centre for Magnetic Resonance, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhuowen Tu
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 1
| | - Ivo Dinov
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 1
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 1
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Email address: (Arthur W. Toga)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dickey CC, McCarley RW, Xu ML, Seidman LJ, Voglmaier MM, Niznikiewicz MA, Connor E, Shenton ME. MRI abnormalities of the hippocampus and cavum septi pellucidi in females with schizotypal personality disorder. Schizophr Res 2007; 89:49-58. [PMID: 17027236 PMCID: PMC2777663 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Revised: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined MRI hippocampal volume and cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) in female subjects with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) and comparison subjects. METHOD MRI was performed on 20 SPD and 29 comparison subjects with delineation of left and right hippocampi. Number of slices containing the CSP was counted. Subjects were given a working memory task, the Delayed Alternation task and other measures of working memory including the Wechsler Memory Test-Revised and the California Verbal Learning Test. Clinical measures were derived from the SCID-II. RESULTS SPD females evinced bilaterally smaller hippocampal volumes compared with non-psychiatric female subjects (15.1% on left, 15.7% on right). Additionally, SPD subjects showed statistically significantly more slices containing CSP, and a trend level difference when large CSP was defined as four or more slices (20% vs. 6.9%). SPD subjects demonstrated more errors, more perseverations, and a trend toward more failure to maintain set on the Delayed Alternating task, which were associated with smaller left hippocampal volumes. There was no difference between groups in logical memory, verbal learning or semantic clustering nor a significant correlation between these measures and hippocampal volumes. Clinically, in SPD subjects, right hippocampal volumes correlated negatively with odd appearance/behavior and positively with suspiciousness/paranoia, and odd speech was positively correlated with the number of slices containing a CSP in exploratory analyses. CONCLUSIONS Female SPD subjects showed bilaterally smaller hippocampal volumes and larger CSP than comparison subjects, similar to what has been shown in schizophrenia. Moreover, these abnormalities have clinically significant associations which may help to explain some of the manifestations of the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandlee C Dickey
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Koikkalainen J, Hirvonen J, Nyman M, Lötjönen J, Hietala J, Ruotsalainen U. Shape variability of the human striatum—Effects of age and gender. Neuroimage 2007; 34:85-93. [PMID: 17056276 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Revised: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 08/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human striatum is involved in the regulation of movement, reinforcement, learning, reward, cognitive functioning, and addiction. Previous classical volumetric MRI studies have implicated age-, disease- and medication-related changes in striatal structures. Yet, no studies to date have addressed the effects of these factors on the shape variability and local structural alterations in the striatum. The local alterations may provide meaningful additional information in the context of functional neuroanatomy and brain connectivity. We developed image analysis methodology for the measurement of the volume and local shape variability of the human striatum. The method was applied in a group of 43 healthy controls to study the effects of age and gender on striatal shape variability. In the volume analysis, the volume of the striatum was normalized using the volume of the whole brain. In the local shape analysis, the deviations from a mean surface were studied for each surface point using high-dimensional mapping. Also, discriminant functions were constructed from a statistical shape model. The accuracy and reproducibility of the methods used were evaluated. The results confirmed that the volume of the striatum decreases as a function of age. However, the volume decrease was not uniform and age-related shape differences were observed in several subregions of the human striatum whereas no local gender differences were seen. Examination of the variability of striatal shape in the healthy population will pave the way for applying this method in clinical settings. This method will be particularly useful for investigating neuropsychiatric disorders that are associated with subtle morphological alterations of the brain, such as schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juha Koikkalainen
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, PO Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wiedenmayer CP, Bansal R, Anderson GM, Zhu H, Amat J, Whiteman R, Peterson BS. Cortisol levels and hippocampus volumes in healthy preadolescent children. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 60:856-61. [PMID: 16603131 PMCID: PMC2367228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Revised: 10/24/2005] [Accepted: 02/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research in animal models has demonstrated that elevated levels of glucocorticoids can inflict damage within the hippocampus. In adult humans, elevated cortisol levels have been associated with reduced hippocampal volumes; however, normative data in children are not available. The objective of this study was to examine possible associations of serum cortisol levels with hippocampal volumes and morphology in healthy children. METHODS Morning serum cortisol levels and hippocampus magnetic resonance imaging were measured in 17 healthy children (8 girls, 9 boys) between 7 and 12 years of age. RESULTS Cortisol levels were not associated with total hippocampal volumes; however, with an analysis of surface morphology, significant associations were found for regionally specific portions of the hippocampus. Positive associations were detected for the anterior segment of the hippocampus and inverse associations along the lateral aspects of the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Associations of cortisol levels with regionally specific variations in hippocampal morphology were detected during early development in healthy preadolescent children.
Collapse
|
23
|
Jang DP, Kim JJ, Chung TS, An SK, Jung YC, Lee JK, Lee JM, Kim IY, Kim SI. Shape deformation of the insula in schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2006; 32:220-7. [PMID: 16730197 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2005] [Revised: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been conceptualized to be a neurodevelopmental disorder. Neuroimaging evidence was generally findings of volumetric reductions in various brain structures. The shape analysis of the insula can uncover unique structural deformity in the neurodevelopmental disorder, which cannot be revealed from a simple volume measurement. The objective of this study was to demonstrate a subtle change of the insula in schizophrenia using our special shape analysis technique. Subjects were 23 patients with schizophrenia and 23 normal healthy subjects. A landmark-based structural and surface shape analysis of the insula was performed using high-spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging. A characteristic finding was that the frontotemporal sides of the right insula were deformed in the patients with schizophrenia compared with normal controls. This deformation can be associated with abnormal development of the frontal and temporal lobes in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Pyo Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim SH, Lee J, Kim H, Jang DP, Shin Y, Ha TH, Kim J, Kim IY, Kwon JS, Kim SI. Asymmetry analysis of deformable hippocampal model using the principal component in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2005; 25:361-9. [PMID: 15852383 PMCID: PMC6871674 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is thought to play an important role in learning and memory processing, and impairments in memory, attention, and decision making are found commonly in schizophrenia. Although many studies have reported decreases in hippocampal volume in the left hemisphere in schizophrenia, regionally specific hippocampal volume loss has not been revealed consistently using volume analysis. Recently, many studies have analyzed shape asymmetry using 3-D models; however, inconsistent results have been reported, mainly due to methodologic differences. We therefore used an active, flexible, deformable shape model for surface parameterization, and compared shape asymmetry based on principal component analysis (PCA) in the hippocampi of schizophrenic patients with those of the normal controls. Although the overall pattern of the statistical results did not change according to the number of principal components, the reconstructed results based on six major components were much more distinguishable. Although the left hemispheric hippocampal volume was larger than the right hemispheric was in this study, the difference was not significant. In shape asymmetry analysis, the right hemisphere hippocampus was bilaterally larger than the left hemisphere hippocampus was in the head of the superior CA1 and smaller in the tail and head of the inferior CA1. The asymmetry in the schizophrenia group was statistically smaller than that in the control group through reduction of the left hemisphere hippocampus volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong‐Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun‐Pil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Pyo Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong‐Wook Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyon Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae‐Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun I. Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|