1
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Shumikhina SI, Kozhukhov SA, Bondar IV. Dose-dependent changes in orientation amplitude maps in the cat visual cortex after propofol bolus injections. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:224-240. [PMID: 38352699 PMCID: PMC10862412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A general intravenous anesthetic propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is widely used in clinical, veterinary practice and animal experiments. It activates gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABAa) receptors. Though the cerebral cortex is one of the major targets of propofol action, no study of dose dependency of propofol action on cat visual cortex was performed yet. Also, no such investigation was done until now using intrinsic signal optical imaging. Here, we report for the first time on the dependency of optical signal in the visual cortex (area 17/area 18) on the propofol dose. Optical imaging of intrinsic responses to visual stimuli was performed in cats before and after propofol bolus injections at different doses on the background of continuous propofol infusion. Orientation amplitude maps were recorded. We found that amplitude of optical signal significantly decreased after a bolus dose of propofol. The effect was dose- and time-dependent producing stronger suppression of optical signal under the highest bolus propofol doses and short time interval after injection. In each hemisphere, amplitude at cardinal and oblique orientations decreased almost equally. However, surprisingly, amplitude at cardinal orientations in the ipsilateral hemisphere was depressed stronger than in contralateral cortex at most time intervals. As the magnitude of optical signal represents the strength of orientation tuned component, these our data give new insights on the mechanisms of generation of orientation selectivity. Our results also provide new data toward understanding brain dynamics under anesthesia and suggest a recommendation for conducting intrinsic signal optical imaging experiments on cortical functioning under propofol anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana I. Shumikhina
- Functional Neurocytology, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerova Street, 117485 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei A. Kozhukhov
- Physiology of Sensory Systems, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerova Street, 117485 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V. Bondar
- Physiology of Sensory Systems, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerova Street, 117485 Moscow, Russian Federation
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2
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Wang Y, Chen Z, Ma G, Wang L, Liu Y, Qin M, Fei X, Wu Y, Xu M, Zhang S. A frontal transcallosal inhibition loop mediates interhemispheric balance in visuospatial processing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5213. [PMID: 37626171 PMCID: PMC10457336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interhemispheric communication through the corpus callosum is required for both sensory and cognitive processes. Impaired transcallosal inhibition causing interhemispheric imbalance is believed to underlie visuospatial bias after frontoparietal cortical damage, but the synaptic circuits involved remain largely unknown. Here, we show that lesions in the mouse anterior cingulate area (ACA) cause severe visuospatial bias mediated by a transcallosal inhibition loop. In a visual-change-detection task, ACA callosal-projection neurons (CPNs) were more active with contralateral visual field changes than with ipsilateral changes. Unilateral CPN inactivation impaired contralateral change detection but improved ipsilateral detection by altering interhemispheric interaction through callosal projections. CPNs strongly activated contralateral parvalbumin-positive (PV+) neurons, and callosal-input-driven PV+ neurons preferentially inhibited ipsilateral CPNs, thus mediating transcallosal inhibition. Unilateral PV+ neuron activation caused a similar behavioral bias to contralateral CPN activation and ipsilateral CPN inactivation, and bilateral PV+ neuron activation eliminated this bias. Notably, restoring interhemispheric balance by activating contralesional PV+ neurons significantly improved contralesional detection in ACA-lesioned animals. Thus, a frontal transcallosal inhibition loop comprising CPNs and callosal-input-driven PV+ neurons mediates interhemispheric balance in visuospatial processing, and enhancing contralesional transcallosal inhibition restores interhemispheric balance while also reversing lesion-induced bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhaonan Chen
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Guofen Ma
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lizhao Wang
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Meiling Qin
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiang Fei
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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3
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Cai X, Xu H, Han C, Li P, Wang J, Zhang R, Tang R, Fang C, Yan K, Song Q, Liang C, Lu HD. Mesoscale functional connectivity in macaque visual areas. Neuroimage 2023; 271:120019. [PMID: 36914108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) have provided rich insights into the structures and functions of the human brain. However, most rsFC studies have focused on large-scale brain connectivity. To explore rsFC at a finer scale, we used intrinsic signal optical imaging to image the ongoing activity of the anesthetized macaque visual cortex. Differential signals from functional domains were used to quantify network-specific fluctuations. In 30-60 min resting-state imaging, a series of coherent activation patterns were observed in all three visual areas we examined (V1, V2, and V4). These patterns matched the known functional maps (ocular dominance, orientation, color) obtained in visual stimulation conditions. These functional connectivity (FC) networks fluctuated independently over time and exhibited similar temporal characteristics. Coherent fluctuations, however, were observed from orientation FC networks in different areas and even across two hemispheres. Thus, FC in the macaque visual cortex was fully mapped both on a fine scale and over a long range. Hemodynamic signals can be used to explore mesoscale rsFC in a submillimeter resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingya Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Peichao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rendong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qianling Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haidong D Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
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4
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Innocenti GM, Schmidt K, Milleret C, Fabri M, Knyazeva MG, Battaglia-Mayer A, Aboitiz F, Ptito M, Caleo M, Marzi CA, Barakovic M, Lepore F, Caminiti R. The functional characterization of callosal connections. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 208:102186. [PMID: 34780864 PMCID: PMC8752969 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The functional characterization of callosal connections is informed by anatomical data. Callosal connections play a conditional driving role depending on the brain state and behavioral demands. Callosal connections play a modulatory function, in addition to a driving role. The corpus callosum participates in learning and interhemispheric transfer of sensorimotor habits. The corpus callosum contributes to language processing and cognitive functions.
The brain operates through the synaptic interaction of distant neurons within flexible, often heterogeneous, distributed systems. Histological studies have detailed the connections between distant neurons, but their functional characterization deserves further exploration. Studies performed on the corpus callosum in animals and humans are unique in that they capitalize on results obtained from several neuroscience disciplines. Such data inspire a new interpretation of the function of callosal connections and delineate a novel road map, thus paving the way toward a general theory of cortico-cortical connectivity. Here we suggest that callosal axons can drive their post-synaptic targets preferentially when coupled to other inputs endowing the cortical network with a high degree of conditionality. This might depend on several factors, such as their pattern of convergence-divergence, the excitatory and inhibitory operation mode, the range of conduction velocities, the variety of homotopic and heterotopic projections and, finally, the state-dependency of their firing. We propose that, in addition to direct stimulation of post-synaptic targets, callosal axons often play a conditional driving or modulatory role, which depends on task contingencies, as documented by several recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio M Innocenti
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Schmidt
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Chantal Milleret
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U 1050, Label Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Mara Fabri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria G Knyazeva
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie (LREN), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Leenaards Memory Centre and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias and Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maurice Ptito
- Harland Sanders Chair in Visual Science, École d'Optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Qc, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matteo Caleo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy; CNR Neuroscience Institute, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo A Marzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Muhamed Barakovic
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franco Lepore
- Department of Psychology, Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Roberto Caminiti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome SAPIENZA, Rome, Italy; Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy.
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5
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Carson RG. Inter‐hemispheric inhibition sculpts the output of neural circuits by co‐opting the two cerebral hemispheres. J Physiol 2020; 598:4781-4802. [DOI: 10.1113/jp279793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard G. Carson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
- School of Psychology Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT7 1NN UK
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
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6
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O'Hashi K, Fekete T, Deneux T, Hildesheim R, van Leeuwen C, Grinvald A. Interhemispheric Synchrony of Spontaneous Cortical States at the Cortical Column Level. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:1794-1807. [PMID: 28419208 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In cat early visual cortex, neural activity patterns resembling evoked orientation maps emerge spontaneously under anesthesia. To test if such patterns are synchronized between hemispheres, we performed bilateral imaging in anesthetized cats using a new improved voltage-sensitive dye. We observed map-like activity patterns spanning early visual cortex in both hemispheres simultaneously. Patterns virtually identical to maps associated with the cardinal and oblique orientations emerged as leading principal components of the spontaneous fluctuations, and the strength of transient orientation states was correlated with their duration, providing evidence that these maps are transiently attracting states. A neural mass model we developed reproduced the dynamics of both smooth and abrupt orientation state transitions observed experimentally. The model suggests that map-like activity arises from slow modulations in spontaneous firing in conjunction with interplay between excitation and inhibition. Our results highlight the efficiency and functional precision of interhemispheric connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori O'Hashi
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tomer Fekete
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.,Laboratory for Perceptual Dynamics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Thomas Deneux
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Rina Hildesheim
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Cees van Leeuwen
- Laboratory for Perceptual Dynamics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Amiram Grinvald
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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7
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Milleret C, Bui Quoc E. Beyond Rehabilitation of Acuity, Ocular Alignment, and Binocularity in Infantile Strabismus. Front Syst Neurosci 2018; 12:29. [PMID: 30072876 PMCID: PMC6058758 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile strabismus impairs the perception of all attributes of the visual scene. High spatial frequency components are no longer visible, leading to amblyopia. Binocularity is altered, leading to the loss of stereopsis. Spatial perception is impaired as well as detection of vertical orientation, the fastest movements, directions of movement, the highest contrasts and colors. Infantile strabismus also affects other vision-dependent processes such as control of postural stability. But presently, rehabilitative therapies for infantile strabismus by ophthalmologists, orthoptists and optometrists are restricted to preventing or curing amblyopia of the deviated eye, aligning the eyes and, whenever possible, preserving or restoring binocular vision during the critical period of development, i.e., before ~10 years of age. All the other impairments are thus ignored; whether they may recover after strabismus treatment even remains unknown. We argue here that medical and paramedical professionals may extend their present treatments of the perceptual losses associated with infantile strabismus. This hypothesis is based on findings from fundamental research on visual system organization of higher mammals in particular at the cortical level. In strabismic subjects (as in normal-seeing ones), information about all of the visual attributes converge, interact and are thus inter-dependent at multiple levels of encoding ranging from the single neuron to neuronal assemblies in visual cortex. Thus if the perception of one attribute is restored this may help to rehabilitate the perception of other attributes. Concomitantly, vision-dependent processes may also improve. This could occur spontaneously, but still should be assessed and validated. If not, medical and paramedical staff, in collaboration with neuroscientists, will have to break new ground in the field of therapies to help reorganize brain circuitry and promote more comprehensive functional recovery. Findings from fundamental research studies in both young and adult patients already support our hypothesis and are reviewed here. For example, presenting different contrasts to each eye of a strabismic patient during training sessions facilitates recovery of acuity in the amblyopic eye as well as of 3D perception. Recent data also demonstrate that visual recoveries in strabismic subjects improve postural stability. These findings form the basis for a roadmap for future research and clinical development to extend presently applied rehabilitative therapies for infantile strabismus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Milleret
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, College de France, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Bui Quoc
- Department of Ophthalmology, Robert Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Paris, France
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8
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Hu X, Wu W, Yang Y. Organization of spatial frequency in cat striate cortex. Neuroscience 2017; 362:95-103. [PMID: 28823818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Primary visual cortex, the first cortical stage of visual information processing, is represented by diverse functional maps that demonstrate the selectivity for specific visual features such as spatial frequency (SF). Although the local organization of SF maps in cat area 17 (A17) has been largely investigated, the global arrangement remains elusive. To address this unclear aspect, we evaluated the organization of SF maps within A17 by intrinsic signal optical imaging and extracellular electrophysiological recording. Our results explicitly showed that SF organization in cat A17 displayed a global asymmetrical unimodal distribution. In particular, we found the highest SF preference within the global distribution concentrated around the horizontal meridian. These results significantly contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the SF organization in visual cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Xian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Xu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Yupeng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China.
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9
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Selective interhemispheric circuits account for a cardinal bias in spontaneous activity within early visual areas. Neuroimage 2017; 146:971-982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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10
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Bocci T, Caleo M, Vannini B, Vergari M, Cogiamanian F, Rossi S, Priori A, Sartucci F. An unexpected target of spinal direct current stimulation: Interhemispheric connectivity in humans. J Neurosci Methods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Laing RJ, Turecek J, Takahata T, Olavarria JF. Identification of Eye-Specific Domains and Their Relation to Callosal Connections in Primary Visual Cortex of Long Evans Rats. Cereb Cortex 2014; 25:3314-29. [PMID: 24969475 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular dominance columns (ODCs) exist in many primates and carnivores, but it is believed that they do not exist in rodents. Using a combination of transneuronal tracing, in situ hybridization for Zif268 and electrophysiological recordings, we show that inputs from both eyes are largely segregated in the binocular region of V1 in Long Evans rats. We also show that, interposed between this binocular region and the lateral border of V1, there lies a strip of cortex that is strongly dominated by the contralateral eye. Finally, we show that callosal connections colocalize primarily with ipsilateral eye domains in the binocular region and with contralateral eye input in the lateral cortical strip, mirroring the relationship between patchy callosal connections and specific sets of ODCs described previously in the cat. Our results suggest that development of cortical modular architecture is more conserved among rodents, carnivores, and primates than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Laing
- Department of Psychology, and Behavior and Neuroscience Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA
| | | | - T Takahata
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - J F Olavarria
- Department of Psychology, and Behavior and Neuroscience Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA
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12
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Abstract
It remains controversial whether and how spatial frequency (SF) is represented tangentially in cat visual cortex. Several models were proposed, but there is no consensus. Worse still, some data indicate that the SF organization previously revealed by optical imaging techniques simply reflects non-stimulus-specific responses. Instead, stimulus-specific responses arise from the homogeneous distribution of geniculo-cortical afferents representing X and Y pathways. To clarify this, we developed a new imaging method allowing rapid stimulation with a wide range of SFs covering more than 6 octaves with only 0.2 octave resolution. A benefit of this method is to avoid error of high-pass filtering methods which systematically under-represent dominant selectivity features near pinwheel centers. We show unequivocally that SF is organized into maps in cat area 17 (A17) and area 18 (A18). The SF organization in each area displays a global anteroposterior SF gradient and local patches. Its layout is constrained to that of the orientation map, and it is suggested that both maps share a common functional architecture. A17 and A18 are bound at the transition zone by another SF gradient involving the geniculo-cortical and the callosal pathways. A model based on principal component analysis shows that SF maps integrate three different SF-dependent channels. Two of these reflect the segregated excitatory input from X and Y geniculate cells to A17 and A18. The third one conveys a specific combination of excitatory and suppressive inputs to the visual cortex. In a manner coherent with anatomical and electrophysiological data, it is interpreted as originating from a subtype of Y geniculate cells.
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13
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The visual callosal connection: a connection like any other? Neural Plast 2013; 2013:397176. [PMID: 23634306 PMCID: PMC3619632 DOI: 10.1155/2013/397176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work about the role of visual callosal connections in ferrets and cats is reviewed, and morphological and functional homologies between the lateral intrinsic and callosal network in early visual areas are discussed. Both networks selectively link distributed neuronal groups with similar response properties, and the actions exerted by callosal input reflect the functional topography of those networks. This supports the notion that callosal connections perpetuate the function of the lateral intrahemispheric circuit onto the other hemisphere. Reversible deactivation studies indicate that the main action of visual callosal input is a multiplicative shift of responses rather than a changing response selectivity. Both the gain of that action and its excitatory-inhibitory balance seem to be dynamically adapted to the feedforward drive by the visual stimulus onto primary visual cortex. Taken together anatomical and functional evidence from corticocortical and lateral circuits further leads to the conclusion that visual callosal connections share more features with lateral intrahemispheric connections on the same hierarchical level and less with feedback connections. I propose that experimental results about the callosal circuit in early visual areas can be interpreted with respect to lateral connectivity in general.
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14
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Berlucchi G. Visual interhemispheric communication and callosal connections of the occipital lobes. Cortex 2013; 56:1-13. [PMID: 23489777 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Callosal connections of the occipital lobes, coursing in the splenium of the corpus callosum, have long been thought to be crucial for interactions between the cerebral hemispheres in vision in both experimental animals and humans. Yet the callosal connections of the temporal and parietal lobes appear to have more important roles than those of the occipital callosal connections in at least some high-order interhemispheric visual functions. The partial intermixing and overlap of temporal, parietal and occipital callosal connections within the splenium has made it difficult to attribute the effects of splenial pathological lesions or experimental sections to splenial components specifically related to select cortical areas. The present review describes some current contributions from the modern techniques for the tracking of commissural fibers within the living human brain to the tentative assignation of specific visual functions to specific callosal tracts, either occipital or extraoccipital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Berlucchi
- National Neuroscience Institute, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Sezione di Fisiologia e Psicologia, Università di Verona, Italy.
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15
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Eriksson D, Wunderle T, Schmidt K. Visual cortex combines a stimulus and an error-like signal with a proportion that is dependent on time, space, and stimulus contrast. Front Syst Neurosci 2012; 6:26. [PMID: 22539918 PMCID: PMC3336196 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2012.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though the visual cortex is one of the most studied brain areas, the neuronal code in this area is still not fully understood. In the literature, two codes are commonly hypothesized, namely stimulus and predictive (error) codes. Here, we examined whether and how these two codes can coexist in a neuron. To this end, we assumed that neurons could predict a constant stimulus across time or space, since this is the most fundamental type of prediction. Prediction was examined in time using electrophysiology and voltage-sensitive dye imaging in the supragranular layers in area 18 of the anesthetized cat, and in space using a computer model. The distinction into stimulus and error code was made by means of the orientation tuning of the recorded unit. The stimulus was constructed as such that a maximum response to the non-preferred orientation indicated an error signal, and the maximum response to the preferred orientation indicated a stimulus signal. We demonstrate that a single neuron combines stimulus and error-like coding. In addition, we observed that the duration of the error coding varies as a function of stimulus contrast. For low contrast the error-like coding was prolonged by around 60-100%. Finally, the combination of stimulus and error leads to a suboptimal free energy in a recent predictive coding model. We therefore suggest a straightforward modification that can be applied to the free energy model and other predictive coding models. Combining stimulus and error might be advantageous because the stimulus code enables a direct stimulus recognition that is free of assumptions whereas the error code enables an experience dependent inference of ambiguous and non-salient stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eriksson
- Cortical Function and Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research Frankfurt, Germany
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16
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Wunderle T, Eriksson D, Schmidt KE. Multiplicative Mechanism of Lateral Interactions Revealed by Controlling Interhemispheric Input. Cereb Cortex 2012; 23:900-12. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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17
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Bui Quoc E, Ribot J, Quenech’Du N, Doutremer S, Lebas N, Grantyn A, Aushana Y, Milleret C. Asymmetrical interhemispheric connections develop in cat visual cortex after early unilateral convergent strabismus: anatomy, physiology, and mechanisms. Front Neuroanat 2012; 5:68. [PMID: 22275883 PMCID: PMC3257851 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2011.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian primary visual cortex, the corpus callosum contributes to the unification of the visual hemifields that project to the two hemispheres. Its development depends on visual experience. When this is abnormal, callosal connections must undergo dramatic anatomical and physiological changes. However, data concerning these changes are sparse and incomplete. Thus, little is known about the impact of abnormal postnatal visual experience on the development of callosal connections and their role in unifying representation of the two hemifields. Here, the effects of early unilateral convergent strabismus (a model of abnormal visual experience) were fully characterized with respect to the development of the callosal connections in cat visual cortex, an experimental model for humans. Electrophysiological responses and 3D reconstruction of single callosal axons show that abnormally asymmetrical callosal connections develop after unilateral convergent strabismus, resulting from an extension of axonal branches of specific orders in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the deviated eye and a decreased number of nodes and terminals in the other (ipsilateral to the non-deviated eye). Furthermore this asymmetrical organization prevents the establishment of a unifying representation of the two visual hemifields. As a general rule, we suggest that crossed and uncrossed retino-geniculo-cortical pathways contribute successively to the development of the callosal maps in visual cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Bui Quoc
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, Collège de FranceParis, France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, CNRS UMR 7152Paris, France
- Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Robert DebréParis, France
| | - Jérôme Ribot
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, Collège de FranceParis, France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, CNRS UMR 7152Paris, France
| | - Nicole Quenech’Du
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, Collège de FranceParis, France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, CNRS UMR 7152Paris, France
| | - Suzette Doutremer
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, Collège de FranceParis, France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, CNRS UMR 7152Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Lebas
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, Collège de FranceParis, France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, CNRS UMR 7152Paris, France
| | - Alexej Grantyn
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, Collège de FranceParis, France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, CNRS UMR 7152Paris, France
| | - Yonane Aushana
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, Collège de FranceParis, France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, CNRS UMR 7152Paris, France
| | - Chantal Milleret
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, Collège de FranceParis, France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, CNRS UMR 7152Paris, France
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18
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Schmidt KE, Lomber SG, Innocenti GM. Specificity of neuronal responses in primary visual cortex is modulated by interhemispheric corticocortical input. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 20:2776-86. [PMID: 20211943 PMCID: PMC2978237 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhq024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Within the visual cortex, it has been proposed that interhemispheric interactions serve to re-establish the continuity of the visual field across its vertical meridian (VM) by mechanisms similar to those used by intrinsic connections within a hemisphere. However, other specific functions of transcallosal projections have also been proposed, including contributing to disparity tuning and depth perception. Here, we consider whether interhemispheric connections modulate specific response properties, orientation and direction selectivity, of neurons in areas 17 and 18 of the ferret by combining reversible thermal deactivation in one hemisphere with optical imaging of intrinsic signals and single-cell electrophysiology in the other hemisphere. We found interhemispheric influences on both the strength and specificity of the responses to stimulus orientation and direction of motion, predominantly at the VM. However, neurons and domains preferring cardinal contours, in particular vertical contours, seem to receive stronger interhemispheric input than others. This finding is compatible with interhemispheric connections being involved in horizontal disparity tuning. In conclusion, our results support the view that interhemispheric interactions mainly perform integrative functions similar to those of connections intrinsic to one hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin E Schmidt
- Max-Planck Research Group: Cortical Function and Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Deutschordenstraße 46, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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19
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Vanni MP, Provost J, Casanova C, Lesage F. Bimodal modulation and continuous stimulation in optical imaging to map direction selectivity. Neuroimage 2009; 49:1416-31. [PMID: 19782756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the visual system, neurons with similar functional properties such as orientation and direction selectivity are clustered together to form modules. Optical imaging recordings in combination with episodic paradigms have been previously used to estimate direction selectivity, a fundamental property of visual neurons. The major drawback of the episodic approach is that the extraction of the signal from various forms of physiological noise is difficult, leading to a poor estimation of direction. Recent work, based on periodic stimulation and Fourier decomposition improved the extraction of periodic stimulus responses from noise and thus, reduced the recording time considerably. Given the success of this new paradigm in mapping orientation, the present study evaluated its reliability to measure direction selectivity in the visual cortex of anesthetized cats. Here, a model that exploits the harmonics of the Fourier decomposition is proposed where the first harmonic is related to direction responses, and the second to orientation. As expected, the first harmonic was absent when a static stimulus was presented. Contrarily, the first harmonic was present when moving stimuli were presented and the amplitude was greater with random dots kinematograms than with drifting gratings. The phase of the first harmonic showed a good agreement with direction preference measured by episodic paradigm. The ratio of the first/the second harmonic amplitude, related to a direction index, was weaker in fracture. It was also weaker in areas of the ventral pathway (areas 17 and 21a) where direction selectivity is known to be reduced. These results indicate that a periodic paradigm can be easily used to measure specific parameters in optical signals, particularly in situations when short acquisition periods are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Vanni
- Laboratoire des Neurosciences de la Vision, Ecole d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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20
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Zénon A, Ben Hamed S, Duhamel JR, Olivier E. Attentional guidance relies on a winner-take-all mechanism. Vision Res 2009; 49:1522-31. [PMID: 19303424 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The finding that attention can encompass several non-contiguous items at once challenges the current models of visual search based on a winner-take-all mechanism assuming the selection of a single object. It has been proposed instead that attentional guidance involves mechanisms selecting all relevant items simultaneously. In order to test this hypothesis, we studied attentional allocation during various visual search tasks. We confirmed that attention can indeed select several items concurrently but on the basis of their spatial relation, not relevance. This finding corroborates the view that during visual search, attentional guidance is based on a winner-take-all mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Zénon
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium.
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21
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Rochefort NL, Buzás P, Quenech'du N, Koza A, Eysel UT, Milleret C, Kisvárday ZF. Functional Selectivity of Interhemispheric Connections in Cat Visual Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2009; 19:2451-65. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhp001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Dynamic interactions between the cerebral hemispheres. Exp Brain Res 2008; 192:417-23. [PMID: 18685835 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-008-1484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The cortical areas of the two hemispheres interact via the corpus callosum. This paper reviews recent findings in animals and man, showing that the visual areas of the two hemispheres control each other's dynamics. The interaction is stimulus-dependent and stimulus-specific. It consists of both excitatory and inhibitory inputs controlling the formation of synchronous neuronal assemblies across and within the hemispheres. The findings are consistent with the geometry of callosal axons and their inferred computational properties. These are the first findings to suggest a direct relationship between the geometry of cortical connections, and the formation of stimulus-driven synchronous neuronal assemblies.
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23
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Makarov VA, Schmidt KE, Castellanos NP, Lopez-Aguado L, Innocenti GM. Stimulus-Dependent Interaction between the Visual Areas 17 and 18 of the 2 Hemispheres of the Ferret (Mustela putorius). Cereb Cortex 2007; 18:1951-60. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhm222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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