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Möhring L, Gläscher J. Prediction errors drive dynamic changes in neural patterns that guide behavior. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112931. [PMID: 37540597 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning describes the process by which our internal expectation models of the world are updated by surprising outcomes (prediction errors [PEs]) to improve predictions of future events. However, the mechanisms through which error signals dynamically influence existing neural representations are unknown. Here, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans solving a two-step Markov decision task to investigate changes in neural activation patterns following PEs. Using a dynamic multivariate pattern analysis, we can show that PE-related fMRI responses in error-coding regions predict trial-by-trial changes in multivariate neural patterns in the orbitofrontal cortex, the precuneus, and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Importantly, the dynamics of these pattern changes in the vmPFC also predicted upcoming changes in choice strategies and thus highlight the importance of these pattern changes for behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Möhring
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jan Gläscher
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Nakamura Y, Ando S, Yamasaki S, Okada N, Nishida A, Kasai K, Tanaka S, Nakatani H, Koike S. Dietary Restraint Related to Body Weight Maintenance and Neural Processing in Value-Coding Areas in Adolescents. J Nutr 2021; 151:2059-2067. [PMID: 33847349 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an alarming increase in the obesity prevalence among children in an environment of increasing availability of preprocessed high-calorie foods. However, some people maintain a healthy weight even in such obesogenic environments. This difference in body weight management could be attributed to individual differences in dietary restraint; however, its underlying neurocognitive mechanisms in adolescents remain unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to elucidate these neurocognitive mechanisms in adolescents by examining the relationships between dietary restraint and the food-related value-coding region located in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). METHODS The association between dietary restraint and BMI was tested using a multilinear regression analysis in a large early adolescent cohort (n = 2554; age, 12.2 ± 0.3 years; BMI, 17.9 ± 2.5 kg/m2; 1354 boys). Further, an fMRI experiment was designed to assess the association between the vmPFC response to food images and dietary restraint in 30 adolescents (age, 17.6 ± 1.9 years; BMI, 20.7 ± 2.2 kg/m2; 13 boys). Additionally, using 54 individuals from the cohort (age, 14.5 ± 0.6 years; BMI, 18.8 ± 2.6 kg/m2; 31 boys), we assessed the association between dietary restraint and intrinsic vmPFC-related functional connectivity. RESULTS In the cohort, adolescents with increased dietary restraint showed a lower BMI (β = -0.38; P < 0.001; B = -0.06; SE = 0.003). The fMRI results showed a decreased vmPFC response to high-calorie food were correlated with greater dietary restraint. Moreover, there was an association of attenuated intrinsic vmPFC-related functional connectivity in the superior and middle frontal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus with greater dietary restraint. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that dietary restraint in adolescents could be a preventive factor for weight gain; its effect involves modulating the vmPFC, which is associated with food value coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakamura
- The Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (IRCN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- The Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (IRCN), Tokyo, Japan.,University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Tanaka
- Advanced Telecommunications Research (ATR) Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakatani
- Department of Information Media Technology, Tokai University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- The Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (IRCN), Tokyo, Japan.,University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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The role of the cerebellum for feedback processing and behavioral switching in a reversal-learning task. Brain Cogn 2018; 125:142-148. [PMID: 29990704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported cerebellar activations during error and reward processing. The present study investigated if the cerebellum differentially processes feedback depending on changes in response strategy during reversal learning, as is conceivable given its internal models for movement and thought. Negative relative to positive feedback in an fMRI-based reversal learning task was hypothesized to be associated with increased cerebellar activations. Moreover, increased activations were expected for negative feedback followed by a change in response strategy compared to negative feedback not followed by such a change, and for first positive feedback after compared to final negative feedback before a change, due to updating of internal models. As predicted, activation in lobules VI and VIIa/Crus I was increased for negative relative to positive feedback, and for final negative feedback before a change in response strategy relative to negative feedback not associated with a change. Moreover, activation was increased for first positive feedback after relative to final negative feedback before a change. These findings are consistent with updating of cerebellar internal models to accommodate new behavioral strategies. Recruitment of posterior regions in reversal learning is in line with the cerebellar functional topography, with posterior regions involved in complex motor and cognitive functions.
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Becker MPI, Simon D, Miltner WHR, Straube T. Altered activation of the ventral striatum under performance-related observation in social anxiety disorder. Psychol Med 2017; 47:2502-2512. [PMID: 28464974 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by fear of social and performance situations. The consequence of scrutiny by others for the neural processing of performance feedback in SAD is unknown. METHODS We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate brain activation to positive, negative, and uninformative performance feedback in patients diagnosed with SAD and age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy control subjects who performed a time estimation task during a social observation condition and a non-social control condition: while either being monitored or unmonitored by a body camera, subjects received performance feedback after performing a time estimation that they could not fully evaluate without external feedback. RESULTS We found that brain activation in ventral striatum (VS) and midcingulate cortex was modulated by an interaction of social context and feedback type. SAD patients showed a lack of social-context-dependent variation of feedback processing, while control participants showed an enhancement of brain responses specifically to positive feedback in VS during observation. CONCLUSIONS The present findings emphasize the importance of social-context processing in SAD by showing that scrutiny prevents appropriate reward-processing-related signatures in response to positive performances in SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P I Becker
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology,Friedrich Schiller University,D-07743 Jena,Germany
| | - D Simon
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology,Friedrich Schiller University,D-07743 Jena,Germany
| | - W H R Miltner
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology,Friedrich Schiller University,D-07743 Jena,Germany
| | - T Straube
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology,Friedrich Schiller University,D-07743 Jena,Germany
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