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Lemire M, Soulières I, Saint-Amour D. The effect of age on executive functions in adults is not sex specific. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024; 30:489-498. [PMID: 38221864 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723011487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous studies have shown a decrease in executive functions (EF) associated with aging. However, few investigations examined whether this decrease is similar between sexes throughout adulthood. The present study investigated if age-related decline in EF differs between men and women from early to late adulthood. METHODS A total of 302 participants (181 women) aged between 18 and 78 years old completed four computer-based cognitive tasks at home: an arrow-based Flanker task, a letter-based Visual search task, the Trail Making Test, and the Corsi task. These tasks measured inhibition, attention, cognitive flexibility, and working memory, respectively. To investigate the potential effects of age, sex, and their interaction on specific EF and a global EF score, we divided the sample population into five age groups (i.e., 18-30, 31-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-78) and conducted analyses of covariance (MANCOVA and ANCOVA) with education and pointing device as control variables. RESULTS Sex did not significantly affect EF performance across age groups. However, in every task, participants from the three youngest groups (< 55 y/o) outperformed the ones from the two oldest. Results from the global score also suggest that an EF decrease is distinctly noticeable from 55 years old onward. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that age-related decline in EF, including inhibition, attention, cognitive flexibility, and working memory, becomes apparent around the age of 55 and does not differ between sexes at any age. This study provides additional data regarding the effects of age and sex on EF across adulthood, filling a significant gap in the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilou Lemire
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Soulières
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- CIUSSS NIM Research Center, Hôpital en Santé Mentale Rivière-des-Prairies, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dave Saint-Amour
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
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2
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Kim H. Material-common and material-specific neural activity during encoding of words and scenes: A neuroimaging meta-analysis. Brain Res 2024; 1829:148794. [PMID: 38301950 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the extent to which neural activity during memory encoding demonstrates material-commonness or material-specificity. A meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies was conducted to compare the brain regions associated with subsequent memory effects for word and scene stimuli. The main results were as follows. First, significant subsequent memory effects for both words and scenes were primarily observed within the dorsal attention network. This finding aligns with the perspective that temporal fluctuations in attention modulate the intensity of encoding activity, influencing the success and failure of encoding. Second, multiple prefrontal cortex regions, particularly the left inferior frontal cortex, exhibited stronger subsequent memory effects for words compared to scenes. Conversely, multiple visual processing regions revealed an opposite pattern, with heightened subsequent memory effects for scenes relative to words. These findings suggest that words are more strongly encoded through semantic processing, whereas scenes are primarily encoded through visuo-perceptual processing. In conclusion, these results clarify the material specificity and commonness of encoding-related neural activity, emphasizing the significant role of attention and the distinctions between verbal and pictorial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkeun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Yeung MK, Wan JCH, Chan MMK, Cheung SHY, Sze SCY, Siu WWY. Motivation and emotional distraction interact and affect executive functions. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:188. [PMID: 38581067 PMCID: PMC10998358 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research on cool-hot executive function (EF) interactions has examined the effects of motivation and emotional distraction on cool EF separately, focusing on one EF component at a time. Although both incentives and emotional distractors have been shown to modulate attention, how they interact and affect cool EF processes is still unclear. Here, we used an experimental paradigm that manipulated updating, inhibition, and shifting demands to determine the interactions of motivation and emotional distraction in the context of cool EF. Forty-five young adults (16 males, 29 females) completed the go/no-go (inhibition), two-back (updating), and task-switching (shifting) tasks. Monetary incentives were implemented to manipulate motivation, and task-irrelevant threatening or neutral faces were presented before the target stimulus to manipulate emotional distraction. We found that incentives significantly improved no-go accuracy, two-back accuracy, and reaction time (RT) switch cost. While emotional distractors had no significant effects on overall task performance, they abolished the incentive effects on no-go accuracy and RT switch cost. Altogether, these findings suggest that motivation and emotional distraction interact in the context of cool EF. Specifically, transient emotional distraction disrupts the upregulation of control activated by incentives. The present investigation has advanced knowledge about the relationship between cool and hot EF and highlights the importance of considering motivation-emotion interactions for a fuller understanding of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Yeung
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jaden Cheuk-Hei Wan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michelle Mei-Ka Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sam Ho-Yu Cheung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Steven Chun-Yui Sze
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winnie Wing-Yi Siu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
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Salimi M, Karam JA, Willman M, Willman J, Lucke-Wold B, Khanzadeh S, Mirghaderi P, Parvizi J. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Arthroplasty 2024; 39:831-838. [PMID: 37633509 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has shown promising results as a diagnostic tool for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total joint arthroplasty. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the utility of NLR in the diagnosis of PJI. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception up to 2022 and evaluated the quality of the included literature. RESULTS Based on the 12 eligible studies, NLR levels were significantly higher in patients who had PJI compared to those who had aseptic loosening (standard mean difference (SMD) = 1.05, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.71 to 1.40, P < .001). In the subgroup analysis according to type of PJI, NLR levels were significantly higher in patients who had either acute (SMD = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.05 to 2.03, P < .001) or chronic PJI (SMD = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.55 to 1.61, P < .001), compared to those who had aseptic loosening. According to type of arthroplasty, NLR levels were significantly higher in patients who had either total knee arthroplasty (SMD = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.48 to 2.13, P < .001) or total hip arthroplasty (SMD = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.54 to 1.98, P < .001) compared to aseptic loosening. The pooled sensitivity of the 12 studies was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.79), and the pooled specificity was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.78). The pooled positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of NLR were 2.94 (95% CI = 2.44 to 3.54), 0.35 (95% CI = 0.27 to 0.46), and 8.26 (95% CI = 5.42 to 12.58), respectively. CONCLUSION In summary, this meta-analysis indicates that NLR is a reliable marker in the diagnosis of PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Salimi
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Joseph Albert Karam
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Shokoufeh Khanzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Peyman Mirghaderi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Parvizi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Ribeiro M, Yordanova YN, Noblet V, Herbet G, Ricard D. White matter tracts and executive functions: a review of causal and correlation evidence. Brain 2024; 147:352-371. [PMID: 37703295 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Executive functions are high-level cognitive processes involving abilities such as working memory/updating, set-shifting and inhibition. These complex cognitive functions are enabled by interactions among widely distributed cognitive networks, supported by white matter tracts. Executive impairment is frequent in neurological conditions affecting white matter; however, whether specific tracts are crucial for normal executive functions is unclear. We review causal and correlation evidence from studies that used direct electrical stimulation during awake surgery for gliomas, voxel-based and tract-based lesion-symptom mapping, and diffusion tensor imaging to explore associations between the integrity of white matter tracts and executive functions in healthy and impaired adults. The corpus callosum was consistently associated with all executive processes, notably its anterior segments. Both causal and correlation evidence showed prominent support of the superior longitudinal fasciculus to executive functions, notably to working memory. More specifically, strong evidence suggested that the second branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus is crucial for all executive functions, especially for flexibility. Global results showed left lateralization for verbal tasks and right lateralization for executive tasks with visual demands. The frontal aslant tract potentially supports executive functions, however, additional evidence is needed to clarify whether its involvement in executive tasks goes beyond the control of language. Converging evidence indicates that a right-lateralized network of tracts connecting cortical and subcortical grey matter regions supports the performance of tasks assessing response inhibition, some suggesting a role for the right anterior thalamic radiation. Finally, correlation evidence suggests a role for the cingulum bundle in executive functions, especially in tasks assessing inhibition. We discuss these findings in light of current knowledge about the functional role of these tracts, descriptions of the brain networks supporting executive functions and clinical implications for individuals with brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ribeiro
- Service de neuro-oncologie, Hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
- Université Paris Saclay, ENS Paris Saclay, Service de Santé des Armées, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Centre Borelli UMR 9010, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Yordanka Nikolova Yordanova
- Service de neurochirurgie, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Service de Santé des Armées, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Vincent Noblet
- ICube, IMAGeS team, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Guillaume Herbet
- Praxiling, UMR 5267, CNRS, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France
| | - Damien Ricard
- Université Paris Saclay, ENS Paris Saclay, Service de Santé des Armées, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Centre Borelli UMR 9010, 75006 Paris, France
- Département de neurologie, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Service de Santé des Armées, 92140 Clamart, France
- Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, 75005 Paris, France
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Cao Y, Li J, Ou S, Xie T, Jiang T, Guo X, Ma N. Effect of homeostatic pressure and circadian rhythm on the task-switching: Evidence from drift diffusion model and ERP. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 195:112263. [PMID: 37981032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.112263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of diurnal fluctuations on cognitive functions is widely studied, yet rare research has attempted to separate the role of two crucial processes underlying diurnal fluctuations: homeostatic pressure and circadian rhythm. The present study aimed to dissociate their effects by conducting a task-switching task in the morning, napping afternoon, and no-napping afternoon, respectively. Additionally, DDM and ERP were utilized to explore how these two processes differentially affect cognitive processes involved in task-switching. By a within-participant design, 35 healthy adults (20.03 ± 2.01 year-old, 14 males) with an intermediate-type chronotype were recruited in the current study. The results demonstrated that accumulated homeostatic pressure caused reduced accuracy, drift rate, and decision threshold. In the no-napping afternoon, P1 and P2 amplitudes were also decreased due to homeostatic pressure, whereas an afternoon nap could partially restore performance and neural activity. Conversely, the upward circadian rhythm in the afternoon exerted a compensatory effect, resulting in increases in N2 and P3 amplitudes. The findings highlight the disassociated impacts of homeostatic pressure and circadian rhythm on the cognitive processes involved in task-switching and further underscore the importance of considering diurnal variation in both scientific research and accident prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Cao
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Simei Ou
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Tianxiang Jiang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xi Guo
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Fascher M, Nowaczynski S, Spindler C, Strobach T, Muehlhan M. Neural underpinnings of response inhibition in substance use disorders: weak meta-analytic evidence for a widely used construct. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:1-17. [PMID: 37987836 PMCID: PMC10774166 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Substance use disorders (SUDs) rank among the most severely debilitating psychiatric conditions. Among others, decreased response inhibition capacities could make it more difficult for patients to abstain from drug use and maintain abstinence. However, meta-analyses on the neural basis of response inhibition in SUDs yielded conflicting results. OBJECTIVE In this study, we revisited the neuroimaging research field and summarized the existing fMRI literature on overt response inhibition (Go/NoGo and stop-signal paradigms) across different SUDs. METHODS We performed a systematic literature review and an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis to investigate the actual convergence of functional deviations observed in SUD samples. Results were further supplied by consecutive robustness measures and a post-hoc random-effects meta-analysis of behavioural data. RESULTS We identified k = 21 eligible studies for our analysis. The ALE analysis indicated a significant cluster of convergence with its statistical peak in the right anterior insula. Consecutive analyses, however, indicated this result was not robust and susceptible towards publication bias. Additionally, a post-hoc random effects meta-analysis of the behavioural parameters of Go/NoGo and stop-signal paradigms reported by the included studies revealed no significant differences in task performance comparing SUD samples and controls. CONCLUSION We discuss that the role of task-based response inhibition may require some refinement as an overarching marker for SUD pathology. Finally, we give a few prospects for future research that should be further explored in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Fascher
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany.
- Medical School Hamburg, ICAN Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sandra Nowaczynski
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
- Medical School Hamburg, ICAN Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Carl‑Friedrich‑Flemming‑Clinic, Helios Medical Center Schwerin, Schwerin, Germany
| | - Carolin Spindler
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Strobach
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
- Medical School Hamburg, ICAN Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Muehlhan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
- Medical School Hamburg, ICAN Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Thomas SA, Ryan SK, Gilman J. Resting state network connectivity is associated with cognitive flexibility performance in youth in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Neuropsychologia 2023; 191:108708. [PMID: 37898357 PMCID: PMC10842068 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility is an executive functioning skill that develops in childhood, and when impaired, has transdiagnostic implications for psychiatric disorders. To identify how intrinsic neural architecture at rest is linked to cognitive flexibility performance, we used the data-driven method of independent component analysis (ICA) to investigate resting state networks (RSNs) and their whole-brain connectivity associated with levels of cognitive flexibility performance in children. We hypothesized differences by cognitive flexibility performance in RSN connectivity strength in cortico-striatal circuitry, which would manifest via the executive control network, right and left frontoparietal networks (FPN), salience network, default mode network (DMN), and basal ganglia network. We selected participants from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study who scored at the 25th, ("CF-Low"), 50th ("CF-Average"), or 75th percentiles ("CF-High") on a cognitive flexibility task, were early to middle puberty, and did not exhibit significant psychopathology (n = 967, 47.9% female; ages 9-10). We conducted whole-brain ICA, identifying 14 well-characterized RSNs. Groups differed in connectivity strength in the right FPN, anterior DMN, and posterior DMN. Planned comparisons indicated CF-High had stronger connectivity between right FPN and supplementary motor/anterior cingulate than CF-Low. CF-High had more anti-correlated connectivity between anterior DMN and precuneus than CF-Average. CF-Low had stronger connectivity between posterior DMN and supplementary motor/anterior cingulate than CF-Average. Post-hoc correlations with reaction time by trial type demonstrated significant associations with connectivity. In sum, our results suggest childhood cognitive flexibility performance is associated with DMN and FPN connectivity strength at rest, and that there may be optimal levels of connectivity associated with task performance that vary by network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Thomas
- Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center, 25 Hoppin St., Box #36, Providence, RI, 02903, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Box 1901, 164 Angell St., 4th Floor, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Sarah K Ryan
- Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center, 25 Hoppin St., Box #36, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Jodi Gilman
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zhang R, Chen Z, Feng T. The triple psychological and neural bases underlying procrastination: Evidence based on a two-year longitudinal study. Neuroimage 2023; 283:120443. [PMID: 37925799 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The triple brain anatomical network model of procrastination theorized procrastination as the result of psychological and neural dysfunction implicated in self-control, emotion regulation and episodic prospection. However, no studies have provided empirical evidence for such model. To address this issue, we designed a two-wave longitudinal study where participants underwent the resting-state scanning and completed the questionnaires at two time-points that spanned 2-year apart (T1, n = 457; T2, n = 457). Using the cross-lagged panel network modeling (CLPN), we found that triple psychological components at T1, including self-control, emotion regulation (i.e., reappraisal) and episodic prospection, negatively predicted procrastination at T2 in the temporal network. Moreover, the CLPN modeling found that functional connectivity between networks accounting for episodic prospection (EP) and emotion regulation (ER) positively predicted future procrastination in the temporal network. The centrality analyzes further showed that procrastination was greatly affected by other nodes, whilst the psychological component (i.e., episodic prospection), and the functional network connectivity (FNC) of EP- ER exerted strongest impacts on other nodes in the networks, which indicated that treatments targeting episodic prospection might largely help reduce procrastination. Collectively, these findings firstly provide evidence for testifying the triple brain anatomical network model of procrastination, and highlights the contribution of triple psychological and neural components implicated in self-control, emotion regulation and episodic prospection to procrastination that enhances our understanding of causes of procrastination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Experimental Research Center for Medical and Psychological Science (ERC‑MPS), School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyong Feng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.
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Tapia JL, Duñabeitia JA. Driving safety: Investigating the cognitive foundations of accident prevention. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21355. [PMID: 38027813 PMCID: PMC10643293 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Driving is a crucial aspect of personal independence, and accurate assessment of driving skills is vital for ensuring road safety. This study aimed to identify reliable cognitive predictors of safe driving through a driving simulator experiment. We assessed the driving performance of 66 university students in two distinct simulated driving conditions and evaluated their cognitive skills in decision-making, attention, memory, reasoning, perception, and coordination. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the most reliable cognitive predictor of driving outcome. Results revealed that under favorable driving conditions characterized by good weather and limited interactions with other road users, none of the variables tested in the study were able to predict driving performance. However, in a more challenging scenario with adverse weather conditions and heavier traffic, cognitive assessment scores demonstrated significant predictive power for the rate of traffic infractions committed. Specifically, cognitive skills related to memory and coordination were found to be most predictive. This study underscores the significance of cognitive ability, particularly memory, in ensuring safe driving performance. Incorporating cognitive evaluations in driver licensing and education/training programs can enhance the evaluation of drivers' competence and promote safer driving practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Tapia
- Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jon Andoni Duñabeitia
- Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
- AcqVA Aurora Center, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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11
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van Oort J, Diazgranados N, George DT, Horneffer Y, Schwandt M, Goldman D, Momenan R. Preliminary evidence for changes in frontoparietal network connectivity in the early abstinence period in alcohol use disorder: a longitudinal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1185770. [PMID: 37575566 PMCID: PMC10420071 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1185770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The early abstinence period is a crucial phase in alcohol use disorder (AUD) in which patients have to find a new equilibrium and may start recovery, or conversely, relapse. However, the changes in brain functions during this key period are still largely unknown. We set out to study longitudinal changes in large-scale brain networks during the early abstinence period using resting-state scans. We scanned AUD patients twice in a well-controlled inpatient setting, with the first scan taking place shortly after admission and the second scan 4 weeks (±9 days) later near the end of the treatment period. We studied 37 AUD patients (22 males) and 27 healthy controls (16 males). We focused on three networks that are affected in AUD and underly core symptom dimensions in this disorder: the frontoparietal networks (left and right FPN) and default mode network (DMN). Both the whole brain and within network connectivity of these networks were studied using dual regression. Finally, we explored correlations between these brain networks and various neuropsychological and behavioral measures. In contrast to the controls (Z = -1.081, p = 0.280), the AUD patients showed a decrease in within left FPN connectivity (Z = -2.029, p = 0.042). However, these results did not survive a strict Bonferroni correction. The decrease in left FPN connectivity during the early abstinence period in AUD may reflect an initially upregulated FPN, which recovers to a lower resting-state connectivity level during subsequent weeks of abstinence. The AUD patients showed a trend for a positive association between the change in left FPN connectivity and trait anxiety (rs = 0.303, p = 0.068), and a trend for a negative association between the change in left FPN connectivity and delay discounting (rs = -0.283, p = 0.089) (uncorrected for multiple comparisons). This suggests that the FPN might be involved in top-down control of impulsivity and anxiety, which are important risk factors for relapse. Although there were no statistically significant results (after multiple comparison correction), our preliminary findings encourage further research into the dynamic neuroadaptations during the clinically crucial early abstinence period and could inform future study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper van Oort
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David T. George
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yvonne Horneffer
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Melanie Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David Goldman
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Bedini M, Olivetti E, Avesani P, Baldauf D. Accurate localization and coactivation profiles of the frontal eye field and inferior frontal junction: an ALE and MACM fMRI meta-analysis. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:997-1017. [PMID: 37093304 PMCID: PMC10147761 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The frontal eye field (FEF) and the inferior frontal junction (IFJ) are prefrontal structures involved in mediating multiple aspects of goal-driven behavior. Despite being recognized as prominent nodes of the networks underlying spatial attention and oculomotor control, and working memory and cognitive control, respectively, the limited quantitative evidence on their precise localization has considerably impeded the detailed understanding of their structure and connectivity. In this study, we performed an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) fMRI meta-analysis by selecting studies that employed standard paradigms to accurately infer the localization of these regions in stereotaxic space. For the FEF, we found the highest spatial convergence of activations for prosaccade and antisaccade paradigms at the junction of the precentral sulcus and superior frontal sulcus. For the IFJ, we found consistent activations across oddball/attention, working memory, task-switching and Stroop paradigms at the junction of the inferior precentral sulcus and inferior frontal sulcus. We related these clusters to previous meta-analyses, sulcal/gyral neuroanatomy, and a comprehensive brain parcellation, highlighting important differences compared to their results and taxonomy. Finally, we leveraged the ALE peak coordinates as seeds to perform a meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) analysis, which revealed systematic coactivation patterns spanning the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices. We decoded the behavioral domains associated with these coactivations, suggesting that these may allow FEF and IFJ to support their specialized roles in flexible behavior. Our study provides the meta-analytic groundwork for investigating the relationship between functional specialization and connectivity of two crucial control structures of the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bedini
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123, Trento, Italy.
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, McGill Hall 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0109, USA.
| | - Emanuele Olivetti
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123, Trento, Italy
- NILab, Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), Via delle Regole 101, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Avesani
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123, Trento, Italy
- NILab, Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), Via delle Regole 101, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Daniel Baldauf
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123, Trento, Italy
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