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Hajji J, Sabah A, Aljaberi MA, Lin CY, Huang LY. The Effect of Ramadan Fasting on the Coping Strategies Used by Male Footballers Affiliated with the Tunisian First Professional League. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11071053. [PMID: 37046980 PMCID: PMC10094225 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11071053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to discover coping strategies among professional male Tunisian footballers during the Ramadan 2021 fast. One hundred and eighty footballers who belong to twelve Tunisian professional clubs (age: 25.54 ± 4.41 years, weight: 77.19 ± 5.99 kg; height: 180.54 ± 7.28 cm; BMI: 23.67 ± 0.58) were tested during three sessions: one week before Ramadan, during the last week of Ramadan, and one week after Ramadan 2021. The footballers completed the Arabic version of the Inventory of Coping Strategies for Competitive Sport (ICSCS) scale in each session. Responses were recorded retrospectively one hour after a competition. The analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of Ramadan fasting on the adaptation profile of footballers (F = 3.51; p-value = 0.0001). Before and after Ramadan fasting, active coping dominates the adaptation profile of Tunisian professional footballers. During Ramadan, footballers use an irregular and unbalanced coping profile. The lifestyle change induced by the Ramadan fast significantly and negatively affected the adaptation profile of Tunisian professional footballers. Under the effect of the month of Ramadan, footballers developed a different coping profile from that of normal months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamel Hajji
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa, Gafsa University, Gafsa 2100, Tunisia
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Tunis University, Gafsa 2100, Tunisia
| | - Aiche Sabah
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Chlef 02076, Algeria
| | - Musheer A Aljaberi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz 6803, Yemen
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Yi Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
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Bencharif M, Sersar I, Bentaleb M, Boutata FZ, Benabbas Y. Ramadan Fasting and NCDs-Example of the Diabetes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:787571. [PMID: 35308269 PMCID: PMC8925911 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.787571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Ramadan lasts only for 1 month each year, it can be accompanied by significant changes in: both energy and nutritional intake; in the diet composition; in the working hours; and the usual way of life. The majority of practitioners consume two meals, one after sunset (Iftar) and one before dawn (Sohor). During this month, it is also an opportunity to share a meal with family and friends, a period of highly intensified socialization. In parallel with the nutritional changes brought about by this unique pattern of fasting in Ramadan, other metabolic and physiological changes may occur, such as fluctuations in body weight and/or disturbance in the quantity and quality of the sleep-wake circadian rhythm. In the verses of the Qur'an, the exemption from fasting in certain situations such as illness is clearly stated. Despite this religious tolerance, many faithful who are eligible for the exemption observe the fast of Ramadan either for the spiritual aspect it provides by performing it, by religious guilt or to mark a normalization in the Muslim community for fear of the gaze of others. The world is experiencing an increase in the emergence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs); leading cause of the global mortality. Environmental and behavioral risk factors related to lifestyle, such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, and sedentarity have a causal association with NCDs. Other factors, such as genetic and physiological factors may also be associated (overweight, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia). Diabetes is one of the highest prevalent NCDs in the world and it continues increasing year by year. This chronic disease can lead to significant potential complications (degenerative, dermatological, and acute) to the patient's health. This requires an individual and appropriate care, both dietetic and therapeutic and over the long term will at best make it possible to sensitize the diabetic patient to the adverse effects related to his disease and thus improve its quality of life. Performing the Fast of Ramadan for a diabetic is a common situation. Diabetes is the only chronic disease widely studied in relation to Ramadan fasting. In the literature, many studies have investigated the effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on diabetic patients. This article aims to provide a general overview and highlight if there are many effect of Ramadan fasting on diabetes, as an example of a NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Bencharif
- Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agro-Food Technologies (INATAA), University of Brother's Mentouri Constantine1 (UFMC1), Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Technology (LNTA), University of Brother's Mentouri Constantine1 (UFMC1), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Ibrahim Sersar
- Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agro-Food Technologies (INATAA), University of Brother's Mentouri Constantine1 (UFMC1), Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health (ALNUTS), University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Maroua Bentaleb
- Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agro-Food Technologies (INATAA), University of Brother's Mentouri Constantine1 (UFMC1), Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Technology (LNTA), University of Brother's Mentouri Constantine1 (UFMC1), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Fatima Zohra Boutata
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences and Agronomic Sciences, Elhadj Lakhdar University, Batna, Algeria
| | - Youcef Benabbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital University, Constantine, Algeria
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Bouguerra L, Ben Abderrahman A, Chtourou H, Zouhal H, Tabka Z, Prioux J. The effect of time-of-day of training during Ramadan on physiological parameters in highly trained endurance athletes. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1276271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Bouguerra
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional of Explorations, Faculty of Medicine “IBN EL JAZZAR” Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Laboratory of biomonitoring of the environment (LR01/ES14), Faculty of Science of Bizerta, University of Carthage, Bizerta, Tunisia
| | - A. Ben Abderrahman
- Laboratory of biomonitoring of the environment (LR01/ES14), Faculty of Science of Bizerta, University of Carthage, Bizerta, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - H. Chtourou
- Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - H. Zouhal
- Movement, Sport, and Health Sciences Laboratory, University of Rennes 2, Rennes, France
| | - Z. Tabka
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional of Explorations, Faculty of Medicine “IBN EL JAZZAR” Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - J. Prioux
- Movement, Sport, and Health Sciences Laboratory, University of Rennes 2, Rennes, France
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Farooq A, Herrera CP, Zerguini Y, Almudahka F, Chamari K. Knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of Muslim footballers towards Ramadan fasting during the London 2012 Olympics: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012848. [PMID: 27670523 PMCID: PMC5051417 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Muslims observe fasting during the month of Ramadan by abstaining from eating and drinking from dawn to sunset. Available literature shows that although several studies have been conducted on athletes to determine the effects of Ramadan fasting in terms of physical fitness and performance, little data are available regarding the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of athletes (particularly footballers) towards Ramadan fasting during high-level competitions. This study explored the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards Ramadan fasting among football players participating in the London 2012 Olympics football tournament. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTINGS Team training facility. PARTICIPANTS 54 Muslim footballers participating in the London Olympics, 2012 OUTCOME MEASURES: Each participant was asked to complete a pre-validated structured questionnaire to assess knowledge, beliefs and attitudes regarding Ramadan fasting and their intention to fast during London 2012. RESULTS Of the 54 participating athletes, 21(39%) reported that they intended to fast during Ramadan, but not on a match day. This attitude differed across three teams interviewed -83%, 15% and 0%-showing cross-cultural variation. Overall, there was a lack of knowledge among footballers regarding the effects of Ramadan fasting on sleep and performance; around 30% of athletes gave incorrect responses. This knowledge was independent of their decision to fast on non-competition days (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to describe the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards Ramadan fasting among athletes from Muslim-majority countries participating in a high-level competition. Appropriate knowledge can ensure optimum performance for athletes during Ramadan fasting. Coaches, family members and friends also in possession of this knowledge can provide moral support to the players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Farooq
- Athlete Health and Performance Research, Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Christopher P Herrera
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Sul Ross State University, Alpine, Texas, USA
| | - Yacine Zerguini
- Département Médecine et Traumatologie du Sport, Clinique Chahrazed, Cheraga, Algeria
| | - Fuad Almudahka
- Exercise is Medicine Department, Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karim Chamari
- Athlete Health and Performance Research, Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Ghayour Najafabadi M, Rahbar Nikoukar L, Memari A, Ekhtiari H, Beygi S. Does Ramadan Fasting Adversely Affect Cognitive Function in Young Females? SCIENTIFICA 2015; 2015:432428. [PMID: 26697263 PMCID: PMC4677254 DOI: 10.1155/2015/432428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of Ramadan fasting on cognitive function in 17 female athletes. Data were obtained from participants of two fasting (n = 9) and nonfasting (n = 8) groups at three periods of the study (before Ramadan, at the third week in Ramadan, and after Ramadan). Digit span test (DST) and Stroop color test were employed to assess short-term memory and inhibition/cognitive flexibility at each time point. There were no significant changes for DST and Stroop task 1 in both groups, whereas Stroop task 2 and task 3 showed significant improvements in Ramadan condition (p < 0.05). Interference indices did not change significantly across the study except in post-Ramadan period of fasting group (p < 0.05). Group × week interaction was significant only for error numbers (p < 0.05). Athletes in nonfasting showed a significant decrease in number of errors in Ramadan compared to baseline (p < 0.05). The results suggest that Ramadan fasting may not adversely affect cognitive function in female athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Ghayour Najafabadi
- Neuroscience Institute, Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laya Rahbar Nikoukar
- Neuroscience Institute, Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Memari
- Neuroscience Institute, Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Beygi
- Neuroscience Institute, Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Singh R, Hwa OC, Roy J, Jin CW, Ismail SM, Lan MF, Hiong LL, Aziz AR. Subjective Perception of Sports Performance, Training, Sleep and Dietary Patterns of Malaysian Junior Muslim Athletes during Ramadan Intermittent Fasting. Asian J Sports Med 2012; 2:167-76. [PMID: 22375236 PMCID: PMC3289208 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.34750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the subjective perception of daily acute fasting on sports performance, training, sleep and dietary patterns of Muslim athletes during the Ramadan month. Methods Seven hundred and thirty-four (411 male and 323 female) Malaysian Junior-level Muslim athletes (mean age 16.3 ± 2.6 y) participated in the survey which was designed to establish the personal perception of their sport performance, sleep pattern, food and fluid intake during Ramadan fasting. The survey was conducted during and immediately after the month of Ramadan in 2009. Results Twenty-four percent of the athletes perceived that there was an adverse effect of the Ramadan fast on their sporting performance and 29.3% reported that quality of training during Ramadan was also negatively influenced. Majority (48.2%) of the athletes stated that Ramadan fasting did not affect their normal sleep pattern but 66.6% of them complained of sleepiness during the daytime. Half of the athletes (41.4%) maintained the caloric intake during Ramadan as they normally would with the majority of them (76.2%) reporting that they consumed more fluids during Ramadan. Conclusions Overall, Malaysian Junior-level Muslim athletes showed diverse views in their perception of changes in their training, sleep and dietary patterns during Ramadan fast. These individual differences probably indicate differences in the athletes’ adaptability and coping strategies during fasting and training in Ramadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindarjeet Singh
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
- Corresponding Author: Address: Healthy Lifestyle Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia. E-mail:
| | - Ooi Cheong Hwa
- National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jolly Roy
- National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chai Wen Jin
- National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohamad Faizal Lan
- National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Loo Lean Hiong
- National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul-Rashid Aziz
- Singapore Sports Institute, Singapore Sports Council, Singapore 397799, Singapore
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