1
|
Eye movement abnormalities in neurodegenerative langerhans cell histiocytosis. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6539-6546. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
2
|
Froment Tilikete C. How to assess eye movements clinically. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:2969-2981. [PMID: 35239052 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-05981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Eye movements serve vision in orienting gaze toward an object of interest in order to place its image simultaneously on both foveas and in stabilizing gaze relative to the environment in order to maintain fixation on the object of interest, even in the case of body displacement. Disorders of eye movements can interfere with ocular alignment and/or monocular motility, and result in diplopia, which is the most common symptom. Eye movement disorders can also interfere with binocular motility without ocular misalignment and result in gaze palsy. Finally, disorders of eye movement can interfere with ocular stability during fixation or body displacement and result in oscillopsia, which is an illusion of an unstable visual world. A systematic examination of eye movements should be part of the neurological exam in order to detect asymptomatic manifestations that can help for the diagnosis of multiple neurological pathologies. In the case of eye movement disorders, the goals of the examination are to precisely characterize the disorder of motility, alignment, or stability, in order to finally localize anatomically the lesion among the peripheral ocular motor system or the more complex central eye movement neural network and suggest mechanisms and etiologies. In this review, we are describing the standard methods of ocular motor examination, including a "general" approach to any ocular motor assessment, and also the specific approaches to evaluating ocular misalignment, difficulty moving both eyes, and finally unstable gaze. This article will include practical tips on how to perform the tests most effectively or how to interpret the clinical signs elicited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Froment Tilikete
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupe Hospitalier Est, Hôpital Neurologique, Service de Neuro-Ophtalmologie 59 Bd Pinel, 69377, Bron Cedex, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, UMR5292, IMPACT Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Benvenutto A, Guedj E, Felician O, Eusebio A, Azulay JP, Ceccaldi M, Koric L. Clinical Phenotypes in Corticobasal Syndrome with or without Amyloidosis Biomarkers. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:331-343. [PMID: 32039846 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a neuropathologically heterogeneous entity. The use of cerebrospinal fluid and amyloid biomarkers enables detection of underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. We thus compared clinical, eye movement, and 18FDG-PET imaging characteristics in CBS in two groups of patients divided according to their amyloid biomarkers profile. Fourteen patients presenting with CBS and amyloidosis (CBS-A+) were compared with 16 CBS patients without amyloidosis (CBS-A-). The two groups showed similar motor abnormalities (parkinsonism, dystonia) and global cognitive functions. Unlike CBS-A+ patients who displayed more posterior cortical abnormalities, CBS-A- patients demonstrated more anterior cortical and brain stem dysfunctions on the basis of neuropsychological testing, study of saccade velocities and brain hypometabolism areas on 18FDG-PET. Interestingly, Dopamine Transporter SPECT imaging showed similar levels of dopaminergic degeneration in both groups. These findings confirm common and distinct brain abnormalities between the different neurodegenerative diseases that result in CBS. We demonstrate the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to improve diagnosis in vivo in particular on oculomotor examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Benvenutto
- Department of Neurology and Neuropsychology, and CMMR PACA Ouest, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Guedj
- Department of Nuclear Medecine, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,CERIMED, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, UMR 7249, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Felician
- Department of Neurology and Neuropsychology, and CMMR PACA Ouest, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM UMR 1106, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Eusebio
- Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Institut Neurosciences Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Azulay
- Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Institut Neurosciences Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Ceccaldi
- Department of Neurology and Neuropsychology, and CMMR PACA Ouest, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM UMR 1106, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Lejla Koric
- Department of Neurology and Neuropsychology, and CMMR PACA Ouest, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, UMR 7249, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gallea C, Wicki B, Ewenczyk C, Rivaud-Péchoux S, Yahia-Cherif L, Pouget P, Vidailhet M, Hainque E. Antisaccade, a predictive marker for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease and gait/gaze network connectivity. Brain 2021; 144:504-514. [PMID: 33279957 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Freezing of gait is a challenging sign of Parkinson's disease associated with disease severity and progression and involving the mesencephalic locomotor region. No predictive factor of freezing has been reported so far. The primary objective of this study was to identify predictors of freezing occurrence at 5 years. In addition, we tested whether functional connectivity of the mesencephalic locomotor region could explain the oculomotor factors at baseline that were predictive of freezing onset. We performed a prospective study investigating markers (parkinsonian signs, cognitive status and oculomotor recordings, with a particular focus on the antisaccade latencies) of disease progression at baseline and at 5 years. We identified two groups of patients defined by the onset of freezing at 5 years of follow-up; the 'Freezer' group was defined by the onset of freezing in the ON medication condition during follow-up (n = 17), while the 'non-Freezer' group did not (n = 8). Whole brain resting-state functional MRI was recorded at baseline to determine how antisaccade latencies were associated with connectivity of the mesencephalic locomotor region networks in patients compared to 25 age-matched healthy volunteers. Results showed that, at baseline and compared to the non-Freezer group, the Freezer group had equivalent motor or cognitive signs, but increased antisaccade latencies (P = 0.008). The 5-year course of freezing of gait was correlated with worsening antisaccade latencies (P = 0.0007). Baseline antisaccade latencies was also predictive of the freezing onset (χ2 = 0.008). Resting state connectivity of mesencephalic locomotor region networks correlated with (i) antisaccade latency differently in patients and healthy volunteers at baseline; and (ii) the further increase of antisaccade latency at 5 years. We concluded that antisaccade latency is a predictive marker of the 5-year onset of freezing of gait. Our study suggests that functional networks associated with gait and gaze control are concurrently altered during the course of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Gallea
- Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Wicki
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital du Valais, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Rivaud-Péchoux
- Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Lydia Yahia-Cherif
- Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Pouget
- Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, F-75013, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière , AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Hainque
- Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, F-75013, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière , AP-HP, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rizzo JR, Beheshti M, Naeimi T, Feiz F, Fatterpekar G, Balcer LJ, Galetta SL, Shaikh AG, Rucker JC, Hudson TE. The complexity of eye-hand coordination: a perspective on cortico-cerebellar cooperation. CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2020; 7:14. [PMID: 33292609 PMCID: PMC7666466 DOI: 10.1186/s40673-020-00123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Eye–hand coordination (EHC) is a sophisticated act that requires interconnected processes governing synchronization of ocular and manual motor systems. Precise, timely and skillful movements such as reaching for and grasping small objects depend on the acquisition of high-quality visual information about the environment and simultaneous eye and hand control. Multiple areas in the brainstem and cerebellum, as well as some frontal and parietal structures, have critical roles in the control of eye movements and their coordination with the head. Although both cortex and cerebellum contribute critical elements to normal eye-hand function, differences in these contributions suggest that there may be separable deficits following injury. Method As a preliminary assessment for this perspective, we compared eye and hand-movement control in a patient with cortical stroke relative to a patient with cerebellar stroke. Result We found the onset of eye and hand movements to be temporally decoupled, with significant decoupling variance in the patient with cerebellar stroke. In contrast, the patient with cortical stroke displayed increased hand spatial errors and less significant temporal decoupling variance. Increased decoupling variance in the patient with cerebellar stroke was primarily due to unstable timing of rapid eye movements, saccades. Conclusion These findings highlight a perspective in which facets of eye-hand dyscoordination are dependent on lesion location and may or may not cooperate to varying degrees. Broadly speaking, the results corroborate the general notion that the cerebellum is instrumental to the process of temporal prediction for eye and hand movements, while the cortex is instrumental to the process of spatial prediction, both of which are critical aspects of functional movement control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John-Ross Rizzo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mahya Beheshti
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tahereh Naeimi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Farnia Feiz
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Girish Fatterpekar
- Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura J Balcer
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department. of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven L Galetta
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department. of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aasef G Shaikh
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Janet C Rucker
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department. of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Todd E Hudson
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bangash OK, Dissanayake AS, Knight S, Murray J, Thorburn M, Thani N, Bala A, Stell R, Lind CRP. Modulation of saccades in humans by electrical stimulation of the posterior subthalamic area. J Neurosurg 2020; 132:1218-1226. [PMID: 30875687 DOI: 10.3171/2018.12.jns18502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Posterior subthalamic area (PSA) deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the zona incerta (ZI) is an emerging treatment for tremor syndromes, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). Evidence from animal studies has indicated that the ZI may play a role in saccadic eye movements via pathways between the ZI and superior colliculus (incerto-collicular pathways). PSA DBS permitted testing this hypothesis in humans. METHODS Sixteen patients (12 with PD and 4 with ET) underwent DBS using the MRI-directed implantable guide tube technique. Active electrode positions were confirmed at the caudal ZI. Eye movements were tested using direct current electrooculography (EOG) in the medicated state pre- and postoperatively on a horizontal predictive task subtending 30°. Postoperative assessments consisted of stimulation-off, constituting a microlesion (ML) condition, and high-frequency stimulation (HFS; frequency = 130 Hz) up to 3 V. RESULTS With PSA HFS, the first saccade amplitude was significantly reduced by 10.4% (95% CI 8.68%-12.2%) and 12.6% (95% CI 10.0%-15.9%) in the PD and ET groups, respectively. With HFS, peak velocity was reduced by 14.7% (95% CI 11.7%-17.6%) in the PD group and 27.7% (95% CI 23.7%-31.7%) in the ET group. HFS led to PD patients performing 21% (95% CI 16%-26%) and ET patients 31% (95% CI 19%-38%) more saccadic steps to reach the target. CONCLUSIONS PSA DBS in patients with PD and ET leads to hypometric, slowed saccades with an increase in the number of steps taken to reach the target. These effects contrast with the saccadometric findings observed with subthalamic nucleus DBS. Given the location of the active contacts, incerto-collicular pathways are likely responsible. Whether the acute finding of saccadic impairment persists with chronic PSA stimulation is unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar K Bangash
- 1Neurosurgical Service of Western Australia and
- 3Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Shirley Knight
- 2Department of Neurology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth; and
| | - John Murray
- 2Department of Neurology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth; and
| | | | - Nova Thani
- 1Neurosurgical Service of Western Australia and
| | - Arul Bala
- 1Neurosurgical Service of Western Australia and
| | - Rick Stell
- 2Department of Neurology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth; and
| | - Christopher R P Lind
- 1Neurosurgical Service of Western Australia and
- 3Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tricoche L, Ferrand-Verdejo J, Pélisson D, Meunier M. Peer Presence Effects on Eye Movements and Attentional Performance. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 13:280. [PMID: 31969810 PMCID: PMC6960111 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
"Social facilitation" refers to the enhancement or impairment of performance engendered by the mere presence of others. It has been demonstrated for a diversity of behaviors. This study assessed whether it also concerns attention and eye movements and if yes, which decision-making mechanisms it affects. Human volunteers were tested in three different tasks (saccades, visual search, and continuous performance) either alone or in the presence of a familiar peer. The results failed to reveal any significant peer influence on the visual search and continuous performance tasks. For saccades, by contrast, they showed a negative or positive peer influence depending on the complexity of the testing protocol. Pro-and anti-saccades were both inhibited when pseudorandomly mixed, and both facilitated when performed separately. Peer presence impaired or improved reaction times, i.e., the speed to initiate the saccade, as well as peak velocity, i.e., the driving force moving the eye toward the target. Effect sizes were large, with Cohen's d-values ranging for reaction times (RTs) from 0.50 to 0.95. Analyzing RT distributions using the LATER (Linear Approach to Threshold with Ergodic Rate) model revealed that social inhibition of pro- and anti-saccades in the complex protocol was associated with a significant increase in the rate of rise. The present demonstration that the simple presence of a familiar peer can inhibit or facilitate saccades depending on task difficulty strengthens a growing body of evidence showing social modulations of eye movements and attention processes. The present lack of effect on visual search and continuous performance tasks contrasts with peer presence effects reported earlier using similar tasks, and future studies are needed to determine whether it is due to an intermediate level of difficulty maximizing individual variability. Together with an earlier study of the social inhibition of anti-saccades also using the LATER model, which showed an increase of the threshold, the present increase of the rate of rise suggests that peer presence can influence both the top-down and bottom-up attention-related processes guiding the decision to move the eyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Tricoche
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, University Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Johan Ferrand-Verdejo
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, University Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Denis Pélisson
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, University Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Martine Meunier
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, University Lyon, Bron, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Caldani S, Steg S, Lefebvre A, Atzori P, Peyre H, Delorme R, Bucci MP. Oculomotor behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019; 24:670-679. [PMID: 31680545 DOI: 10.1177/1362361319882861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To identify quantitative indicators of social communication dysfunctions, we explored the oculomotor performances in subjects with autism spectrum disorders. Discordant findings in the literature have been reported for oculomotor behavior in subjects with autism spectrum disorders. This study aimed to explore reflexive and voluntary saccadic performance in a group of 32 children with autism spectrum disorders (mean age: 12.1 ± 0.5 years) compared to 32 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched typically developing children (control group). We used different types of reflexive and voluntary saccades: gap, step, overlap, and anti-saccades. Eye movements were recorded using an eye tracker (Mobile EBT®) and we measured latency, percentage of anticipatory and express saccades, errors of anti-saccades and gain. Children with autism spectrum disorders reported similar latency values with respect to typically developing children for reflexive and voluntary saccades; in contrast, they made more express and anticipatory saccades overall, as shown in paradigm testing (gap, step, overlap, and anti-saccades). Our findings support previous evidence of the atypicality of the cortical network, which is involved in saccade triggering and attentional processes in children with autism spectrum disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Caldani
- Paris Diderot University, France.,Robert Debré Hospital, France
| | - Sarah Steg
- Paris Diderot University, France.,Robert Debré Hospital, France
| | - Aline Lefebvre
- Paris Diderot University, France.,Robert Debré Hospital, France
| | - Paola Atzori
- Robert Debré Hospital, France.,FondaMental Foundation, France
| | - Hugo Peyre
- Paris Diderot University, France.,Robert Debré Hospital, France.,FondaMental Foundation, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Paris Diderot University, France.,Robert Debré Hospital, France.,FondaMental Foundation, France
| | - Maria Pia Bucci
- Paris Diderot University, France.,Robert Debré Hospital, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pretegiani E, Vanegas-Arroyave N, FitzGibbon EJ, Hallett M, Optican LM. Evidence From Parkinson's Disease That the Superior Colliculus Couples Action and Perception. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1680-1689. [PMID: 31633242 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Action and perception should be coordinated for good visual-motor performance. The mechanism coupling action and perception may be a prominence map in the intermediate layer of the superior colliculus that modulates motor and attentional/perceptual processes. This coordination comes with a cost: the misperception that briefly overlapping stimuli are separated in time. Our model predicts that abnormal intermediate layer of the superior colliculus inhibition, such as that arising from increased basal ganglia output, would affect the action and perception coupling, and it would worsen the misperception. OBJECTIVE To test the prominence map model by measuring reaction times and perceptions in human intermediate layer of the superior colliculus dysfunction. METHODS We measured the saccadic and perceptual reaction time changes and the percept for different temporal asynchronies between fixation point offset and peripheral target onset in Parkinson's disease (PD). RESULTS We found that increased basal ganglia inhibitory output to the intermediate layer of the superior colliculus prominence map disrupted the normal coupling of action and perception. With increasing temporal asynchronies, the PD perceptual reaction times increased approximately 3 times more than the increase of the saccadic reaction times. Also, PD subjects misperceive small overlaps as gaps for temporal asynchronies up to 3 times longer than controls. The results can be reproduced by an intermediate layer of the superior colliculus rostral-caudal gradient of inhibition. CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that a prominence map in the intermediate layer of the superior colliculus couples action and perception through modulation of attention. A dysfunction of this network quantifies abnormal basal ganglia output and could underlie visual deficits, including common, yet poorly understood, misperceptions and visual-motor deficits of PD. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pretegiani
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nora Vanegas-Arroyave
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edmond J FitzGibbon
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lance M Optican
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vertical saccades and antisaccades: complementary markers for motor and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2019; 5:11. [PMID: 31263745 PMCID: PMC6591173 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-019-0083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies provide partly contradictory results about the characteristics of saccades in PD and the possible effects of levodopa, which may be attributed to different study design regarding disease stages, medication state or cognitive functioning. We studied horizontal and vertical visually guided saccades (VGS) and antisaccades (AS) in 40 patients with PD with and without postural instability in On and Off medication state as well as in 20 healthy controls (HC). Motor and cognitive performance were assessed using UPDRS, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). The PD group showed decreased VGS amplitudes and increased vertical VGS and AS latencies. Only relatively few studies had assessed vertical saccades in PD so far. However, our results indicate that vertical saccadic amplitude may be a supportive marker in diagnosing PD since upwards gain demonstrated an AUC of 0.85 for the discrimination of PD and HC. Only more advanced patients in Hoehn & Yahr stage 3 executed higher numbers of AS errors than HC. Since the AS error rate correlated with FAB and MoCA scores, AS performance seems to reflect cognitive ability in PD. Furthermore, the correlation of AS latency with the UPDRS axial subscore promotes the recently highlighted connection between postural control and executive function in PD. Levodopa did not alter saccade amplitudes and had opposing effects on the initiation of VGS and AS: Levodopa intake prolonged VGS latency, but decreased AS latency. Possible mechanisms by which levodopa may be capable of partially reversing the impaired balance between voluntary and reflexive cortical saccade initiation of PD are discussed.
Collapse
|
11
|
Nistagmo. Neurologia 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(18)41585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
12
|
Hopf S, Liesenfeld M, Schmidtmann I, Ashayer S, Pitz S. Age dependent normative data of vertical and horizontal reflexive saccades. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204008. [PMID: 30226877 PMCID: PMC6143243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose There is some controversy whether or not saccades change with age. This cross-sectional study aims to clarify the characteristics of reflexive saccades at various ages to establish a normative cohort in a standardized set-up. Second objective is to investigate the feasibility of saccadometry in daily ophthalmological practice. Methods One hundred healthy participants aged between 6 and 76 years underwent an ophthalmologic examination and saccadometry, using an infrared video-oculography device, sampling at 220 Hz. The reflexive saccades were evoked in four directions and three target displacements each (5°/15°/30° horizontally and of 5°/10°/20° vertically). Saccadic peak velocity, gain (amplitude/target displacement) and latency were measured. Results Mean peak velocity of saccades was 213°/s (± 29°/s), 352°/s (± 50°/s) and 455°/s (± 67°/s) to a target position 5°, 15°and 30° horizontally, respectively, and 208°/s (± 36°/s), 303°/s (± 50°/s) and 391°/s (± 71°/s) to a target position 5°, 10° and 20° vertically. The association between peak velocity and eccentricity proved to be present at any age in all four directions. We found no relevant effect of age on peak velocity, gain and latency in a fitted linear mixed model. However, latency becomes shorter during childhood and adolescence, while in adulthood it is relatively stable with a slight trend to increase in the elderly. Saccades are more precise when the target displacement is small. Isometric saccades are most common, followed by hypometric ones. All children and elderly were able to perform good quality saccadometry in a recording time of approximately 10 minutes. Conclusion The presented data may serve as normative control for further studies using such a video-oculography device for saccadometry. The means of peak velocity and the gain can be used independently from age respecting the target displacement. Latency is susceptible to age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hopf
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Pitz
- Orbital Center, Ophthalmic Clinic, Bürgerhospital Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pretegiani E, Optican LM. Eye Movements in Parkinson's Disease and Inherited Parkinsonian Syndromes. Front Neurol 2017; 8:592. [PMID: 29170650 PMCID: PMC5684125 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, the functions of the basal ganglia (BG) in movement control have not been fully understood. Eye movements, particularly saccades, are convenient indicators of BG function. Here, we review the main oculomotor findings reported in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and genetic parkinsonian syndromes. PD is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder caused by dopaminergic cell loss within the substantia nigra pars compacta, resulting in depletion of striatal dopamine and subsequent increased inhibitory BG output from the internal globus pallidus and the substantia nigra pars reticulata. Eye movement abnormalities are common in PD: anomalies are more evident in voluntary than reflexive saccades in the initial stages, but visually guided saccades may also be involved at later stages. Saccadic hypometria (including abnormally fragmented saccades), reduced accuracy, and increased latency are among the most prominent deficits. PD patients show also unusually frequent and large square wave jerks and impaired inhibition of reflexive saccades when voluntary mirror saccades are required. Poor convergence ability and altered pursuit are common. Inherited parkinsonisms are a heterogeneous group of rare syndromes due to gene mutations causing symptoms resembling those of PD. Eye movement characteristics of some parkinsonisms have been studied. While sharing some PD features, each syndrome has a distinctive profile that could contribute to better define the clinical phenotype of parkinsonian disorders. Moreover, because the pathogenesis and the underlying neural circuit failure of inherited parkinsonisms are often well defined, they might offer a better prospect than idiopathic PD to understand the BG function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pretegiani
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lance M Optican
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rizzo JR, Fung JK, Hosseini M, Shafieesabet A, Ahdoot E, Pasculli RM, Rucker JC, Raghavan P, Landy MS, Hudson TE. Eye Control Deficits Coupled to Hand Control Deficits: Eye-Hand Incoordination in Chronic Cerebral Injury. Front Neurol 2017; 8:330. [PMID: 28769866 PMCID: PMC5512342 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that cerebral pathology can impair ocular motor and manual motor control. This is true in indolent and chronic processes, such as neurodegeneration and in acute processes such as stroke or those secondary to neurotrauma. More recently, it has been suggested that disruptions in these control systems are useful markers for prognostication and longitudinal monitoring. The utility of examining the relationship or the coupling between these systems has yet to be determined. We measured eye and hand-movement control in chronic, middle cerebral artery stroke, relative to healthy controls, in saccade-to-reach paradigms to assess eye-hand coordination. Primary saccades were initiated significantly earlier by stroke participants relative to control participants. However, despite these extremely early initial saccades to the target, reaches were nevertheless initiated at approximately the same time as those of control participants. Control participants minimized the time period between primary saccade onset and reach initiation, demonstrating temporal coupling between eye and hand. In about 90% of all trials, control participants produced no secondary, or corrective, saccades, instead maintaining fixation in the terminal position of the primary saccade until the end of the reach. In contrast, participants with stroke increased the time period between primary saccade onset and reach initiation. During this temporal decoupling, multiple saccades were produced in about 50% of the trials with stroke participants making between one and five additional saccades. Reaches made by participants with stroke were both longer in duration and less accurate. In addition to these increases in spatial reach errors, there were significant increases in saccade endpoint errors. Overall, the magnitude of the endpoint errors for reaches and saccades were correlated across participants. These findings suggest that in individuals with otherwise intact visual function, the spatial and temporal relationships between the eye and hand are disrupted poststroke, and may need to be specifically targeted during neurorehabilitation. Eye-hand coupling may be a useful biomarker in individuals with cerebral pathology in the setting of neurovascular, neurotraumatic, and neurodegenerative pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John-Ross Rizzo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - James K Fung
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maryam Hosseini
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Azadeh Shafieesabet
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Edmond Ahdoot
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rosa M Pasculli
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Janet C Rucker
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Preeti Raghavan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael S Landy
- Department of Psychology & Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Todd E Hudson
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rizzo JR, Hudson TE, Abdou A, Lui YW, Rucker JC, Raghavan P, Landy MS. Disrupted Saccade Control in Chronic Cerebral Injury: Upper Motor Neuron-Like Disinhibition in the Ocular Motor System. Front Neurol 2017; 8:12. [PMID: 28184211 PMCID: PMC5266728 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccades rapidly direct the line of sight to targets of interest to make use of the high acuity foveal region of the retina. These fast eye movements are instrumental for scanning visual scenes, foveating targets, and, ultimately, serve to guide manual motor control, including eye-hand coordination. Cerebral injury has long been known to impair ocular motor control. Recently, it has been suggested that alterations in control may be useful as a marker for recovery. We measured eye movement control in a saccade task in subjects with chronic middle cerebral artery stroke with both cortical and substantial basal ganglia involvement and in healthy controls. Saccade latency distributions were bimodal, with an early peak at 60 ms (anticipatory saccades) and a later peak at 250 ms (regular saccades). Although the latencies corresponding to these peaks were the same in the two groups, there were clear differences in the size of the peaks. Classifying saccade latencies relative to the saccade "go signal" into anticipatory (latencies up to 80 ms), "early" (latencies between 80 and 160 ms), and "regular" types (latencies longer than 160 ms), stroke subjects displayed a disproportionate number of anticipatory saccades, whereas control subjects produced the majority of their saccades in the regular range. We suggest that this increase in the number of anticipatory saccade events may result from a disinhibition phenomenon that manifests as an impairment in the endogenous control of ocular motor events (saccades) and interleaved fixations. These preliminary findings may help shed light on the ocular motor deficits of neurodegenerative conditions, results that may be subclinical to an examiner, but clinically significant secondary to their functional implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John-Ross Rizzo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Todd E. Hudson
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Abdou
- Rutgers School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yvonne W. Lui
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Janet C. Rucker
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Preeti Raghavan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael S. Landy
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Duprez J, Houvenaghel JF, Argaud S, Naudet F, Robert G, Drapier D, Vérin M, Sauleau P. Impulsive oculomotor action selection in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2016; 95:250-258. [PMID: 28039058 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Parkinson's disease (PD) on the dynamics of impulsive action selection and suppression have recently been studied using distributional analyses, but with mixed results, especially for selection. Furthermore, some authors have suggested that impulsivity, regarded as a personality trait, shares common features with behavioral tasks' measures. The current study was designed to clarify the impact of PD on impulsive action selection and suppression, and investigate the link between cognitive action control and self-reported impulsivity. We administered an oculomotor version of the Simon task to 32 patients with PD and 32 matched healthy controls (HC), and conducted distributional analyses in accordance with the activation-suppression model. Patients and HC also filled out the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) questionnaire. Results showed that patients with PD were faster overall and exhibited a greater congruence effect than HC. They also displayed enhanced impulsive action selection. By contrast, the suppression of impulsive responses was similar across both groups. Furthermore, patients had higher impulsivity scores, which were correlated with higher impulsive action selection and higher suppression. Our study yielded two interesting findings. First, PD resulted in a higher number of fast errors. The activation-suppression model suggests that patients with PD are more susceptible to the impulsive action selection induced by the irrelevant stimulus dimension. Second, impulsive action selection and suppression were both associated with trait impulsivity, as measured by the BIS, indicating that these two aspects of impulsivity share common features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Duprez
- "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" research unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Jean-François Houvenaghel
- "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" research unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France; Department of Neurology, Rennes University Hospital, Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Soizic Argaud
- "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" research unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France; "Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics" Lab, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, 40 boulevard du Pont d'Arve, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Naudet
- "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" research unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France; Department of Psychiatry, Rennes University Hospital, 108 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35703 Rennes, France; Clinical Investigation Center (INSERM 0203), Department of Pharmacology, Rennes University Hospital, Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Gabriel Robert
- "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" research unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France; Department of Psychiatry, Rennes University Hospital, 108 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35703 Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Drapier
- "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" research unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France; Department of Psychiatry, Rennes University Hospital, 108 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35703 Rennes, France
| | - Marc Vérin
- "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" research unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France; Department of Neurology, Rennes University Hospital, Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Paul Sauleau
- "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" research unit (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France; Department of Neurophysiology, Rennes University Hospital, Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shen K, Bezgin G, Selvam R, McIntosh AR, Ryan JD. An Anatomical Interface between Memory and Oculomotor Systems. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 28:1772-1783. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Visual behavior is guided by memories from prior experience and knowledge of the visual scene. The hippocampal system (HC), in particular, has been implicated in the guidance of saccades: Amnesic patients, following damage to the HC, exhibit selective deficits in their gaze patterns. However, the neural circuitry by which mnemonic representations influence the oculomotor system remains unknown. We used a data-driven, network-based approach on directed anatomical connectivity from the macaque brain to reveal an extensive set of polysnaptic pathways spanning the extrastriate, posterior parietal and prefrontal cortices that potentially mediate the exchange of information between the memory and visuo-oculomotor systems. We additionally show how the potential for directed information flow from the hippocampus to oculomotor control areas is exceptionally high. In particular, the dorsolateral pFC and FEF—regions known to be responsible for the cognitive control of saccades—are topologically well positioned to receive information from the hippocampus. Together with neuropsychological evidence of altered gaze patterns following damage to the hippocampus, our findings suggest that a reconsideration of hippocampal involvement in oculomotor guidance is needed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration: Diagnostic challenges and clinicopathological considerations. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2016; 172:488-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
19
|
|
20
|
Konijnenberg C, Melinder A. Visual selective attention is impaired in children prenatally exposed to opioid agonist medication. Eur Addict Res 2015; 21:63-70. [PMID: 25402596 DOI: 10.1159/000366018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine whether prenatal exposure to opioid agonist medication is associated with visual selective attention and general attention problems in early childhood. METHOD Twenty-two children (mean age = 52.17 months, SD = 1.81) prenatally exposed to methadone, 9 children (mean age = 52.41 months, SD = 1.42) prenatally exposed to buprenorphine and 25 nonexposed comparison children (mean age = 51.44 months, SD = 1.31) were tested. Visual selective attention was measured with a Tobii 1750 Eye Tracker using a spatial negative priming paradigm. Attention problems were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist. RESULTS The comparison group demonstrated a larger spatial negative priming effect (mean = 23.50, SD = 45.50) than the exposed group [mean = -6.84, SD = 86.39, F(1,50) = 5.91, p = 0.019, η(2) = 0.11]. No difference in reported attention problems was found [F(1,51) = 1.63, p = 0.21, η(2) = 0.03]. Neonatal abstinence syndrome and prenatal exposure to marijuana were found to predict slower saccade latencies in the exposed group (b = 54.55, SE = 23.56, p = 0.03 and b = 88.86, SE = 32.07, p = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION Although exposed children did not appear to have attention deficits in daily life, lower performance on the SNP task indicates subtle alteration in the attention system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolien Konijnenberg
- The Cognitive Developmental Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|