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Pronina T, Pavlova E, Dil’mukhametova L, Ugrumov M. Development of the Periventricular Nucleus as a Brain Center, Containing Dopaminergic Neurons and Neurons Expressing Individual Enzymes of Dopamine Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314682. [PMID: 36499006 PMCID: PMC9736787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that the periventricular nucleus (PeVN) of adult rats is a "mixed dopaminergic (DAergic) center" containing three thousand neurons: DAergic neurons and those expressing one of the dopamine (DA)-synthesizing enzymes. This study aims to evaluate the development of the PeVN as a mixed DAergic center in rats in the perinatal period, critical for brain morphogenesis. During this period, the PeVN contains DAergic neurons and monoenzymatic neurons expressing individual enzymes of DA synthesis: tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). In the perinatal period, the total number of such neurons triples, mainly due to monoenzymatic neurons; the content of L-DOPA, the end product of monoenzymatic TH neurons, doubles; and the content of DA, the end product of monoenzymatic AADC neurons and DAergic neurons, increases sixfold. Confocal microscopy has shown that, in the PeVN, all types of neurons and their processes are in close relationships, which suggests their mutual regulation by L-DOPA and DA. In addition, monoenzymatic and DAergic fibers are close to the third cerebral ventricle, located in the subependymal zone, between ependymal cells and in the supraependymal zone. These observations suggest that these fibers deliver L-DOPA and DA to the cerebrospinal fluid, participating in the neuroendocrine regulation of the brain.
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Alsubhi S, Osterman B, Chrestian N, Dubeau F, Buhas D, Srour M. Case report: PLPHP deficiency, a rare but important cause of B6-responsive disorders: A report of three novel individuals and review of 51 cases. Front Neurol 2022; 13:913652. [PMID: 36324377 PMCID: PMC9618642 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.913652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PLPHP (pyridoxal-phosphate homeostasis protein) deficiency is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in PLPBP and is a rare cause of pyridoxine-responsive disorders. We describe three French-Canadian individuals with PLPHP deficiency, including one with unusual paroxysmal episodes lacking EEG correlation with a suspicious movement disorder, rarely reported in B6RDs. In addition, we review the clinical features and treatment responses of all 51 previously published individuals with PLPHP deficiency. Our case series underlines the importance of considering PLPBP mutations in individuals with partially B6-responsive seizures and highlights the presence of a founder effect in the French-Canadian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alsubhi
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bradley Osterman
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chrestian
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Neuromuscular Disorder, Centre Mère Enfant Soleil, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - François Dubeau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela Buhas
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program (CHHD), McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Myriam Srour
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Lokhande RV, Bhagure GR, Dherai AJ, Naik PR, Udani VP, Desai NA, Ashavaid TF. Analytical Method Validation for Estimation of Neurotransmitters (Biogenic Monoamines) from Cerebrospinal Fluid Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Indian J Clin Biochem 2022; 37:85-92. [PMID: 35125697 PMCID: PMC8799795 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic amine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine are essential for signaling in both central and peripheral nervous system. Their metabolism is a multistep pathway and any defect in this results in alteration in metabolites of serotonin 5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA) and dopamine homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3-O-Methyl Dopa (3-OMD). Estimation of these metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assists in diagnosis of neurotransmitter defects. Their estimation is technically demanding and is currently available only in referral centers. We aimed to optimize a method for analysis of 5HIAA, HVA and 3-OMD. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with electro chemical detector (ECD) was standardized for estimation. Analysis for method validation, reference range verification and clinical correlation was performed. Linearity obtained for 5-HIAA, HVA and 3-OMD was 65.35-2615.0 nmoles/l, 68.62-2745.0 nmoles/l and 236.5-4730.0 nmoles/l respectively. The coefficient of variation for internal quality controls ranged from 5 to 14% and the external proficiency testing samples (n = 16) were within peer group range. CSF metabolite levels of samples for reference range analysis overlapped with age matched ranges reported in literature. Among the 40 suspected patients analyzed for clinical testing four were found to have a neurotransmitter defect. These patients were then confirmed with molecular testing and clinical correlation. The method is validated and can be adapted in a clinical laboratory with analytical competence in HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan V. Lokhande
- grid.417189.20000 0004 1791 5899Present Address: Biochemistry Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, P.D.Hinduja Hospital & MRC, Mumbai, India ,Department of Chemistry, Satish Pradhan Dnyanasadhana College, Thane, India
| | - Ganesh R. Bhagure
- Department of Chemistry, Satish Pradhan Dnyanasadhana College, Thane, India
| | - Alpa J. Dherai
- grid.417189.20000 0004 1791 5899Present Address: Biochemistry Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, P.D.Hinduja Hospital & MRC, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasad R. Naik
- grid.417189.20000 0004 1791 5899Present Address: Biochemistry Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, P.D.Hinduja Hospital & MRC, Mumbai, India
| | - Vrajesh P. Udani
- grid.417189.20000 0004 1791 5899Department of Paediatric Neurology, P.D.Hinduja Hospital & MRC, Mumbai, India
| | - Neelu A. Desai
- grid.417189.20000 0004 1791 5899Department of Paediatric Neurology, P.D.Hinduja Hospital & MRC, Mumbai, India
| | - Tester F. Ashavaid
- grid.417189.20000 0004 1791 5899Present Address: Biochemistry Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, P.D.Hinduja Hospital & MRC, Mumbai, India
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Liu R, Feng ZY, Li D, Jin B, Yan Lan, Meng LY. Recent trends in carbon-based microelectrodes as electrochemical sensors for neurotransmitter detection: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Recent Advances of Ambient Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Its Applications in Lipid and Metabolite Analysis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110780. [PMID: 34822438 PMCID: PMC8625079 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient mass spectrometry imaging (AMSI) has attracted much attention in recent years. As a kind of unlabeled molecular imaging technique, AMSI can enable in situ visualization of a large number of compounds in biological tissue sections in ambient conditions. In this review, the developments of various AMSI techniques are discussed according to one-step and two-step ionization strategies. In addition, recent applications of AMSI for lipid and metabolite analysis (from 2016 to 2021) in disease diagnosis, animal model research, plant science, drug metabolism and toxicology research, etc., are summarized. Finally, further perspectives of AMSI in spatial resolution, sensitivity, quantitative ability, convenience and software development are proposed.
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Cannon Homaei S, Barone H, Kleppe R, Betari N, Reif A, Haavik J. ADHD symptoms in neurometabolic diseases: Underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:838-856. [PMID: 34774900 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurometabolic diseases (NMDs) are typically caused by genetic abnormalities affecting enzyme functions, which in turn interfere with normal development and activity of the nervous system. Although the individual disorders are rare, NMDs are collectively relatively common and often lead to lifelong difficulties and high societal costs. Neuropsychiatric manifestations, including ADHD symptoms, are prominent in many NMDs, also when the primary biochemical defect originates in cells and tissues outside the nervous system. ADHD symptoms have been described in phenylketonuria, tyrosinemias, alkaptonuria, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, X-linked ichthyosis, maple syrup urine disease, and several mitochondrial disorders, but are probably present in many other NMDs and may pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Here we review current literature linking NMDs with ADHD symptoms. We cite emerging evidence that many NMDs converge on common neurochemical mechanisms that interfere with monoamine neurotransmitter synthesis, transport, metabolism, or receptor functions, mechanisms that are also considered central in ADHD pathophysiology and treatment. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic implications of these findings and propose a path forward to increase our understanding of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Cannon Homaei
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
| | - Helene Barone
- Regional Resource Center for Autism, ADHD, Tourette Syndrome and Narcolepsy, Western Norway, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.
| | - Rune Kleppe
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Maritime and Diving Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.
| | - Nibal Betari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Jan Haavik
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
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Fanet H, Capuron L, Castanon N, Calon F, Vancassel S. Tetrahydrobioterin (BH4) Pathway: From Metabolism to Neuropsychiatry. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:591-609. [PMID: 32744952 PMCID: PMC8573752 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200729103529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrobipterin (BH4) is a pivotal enzymatic cofactor required for the synthesis of serotonin, dopamine and nitric oxide. BH4 is essential for numerous physiological processes at periphery and central levels, such as vascularization, inflammation, glucose homeostasis, regulation of oxidative stress and neurotransmission. BH4 de novo synthesis involves the sequential activation of three enzymes, the major controlling point being GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1). Complementary salvage and recycling pathways ensure that BH4 levels are tightly kept within a physiological range in the body. Even if the way of transport of BH4 and its ability to enter the brain after peripheral administration is still controversial, data showed increased levels in the brain after BH4 treatment. Available evidence shows that GCH1 expression and BH4 synthesis are stimulated by immunological factors, notably pro-inflammatory cytokines. Once produced, BH4 can act as an anti- inflammatory molecule and scavenger of free radicals protecting against oxidative stress. At the same time, BH4 is prone to autoxidation, leading to the release of superoxide radicals contributing to inflammatory processes, and to the production of BH2, an inactive form of BH4, reducing its bioavailability. Alterations in BH4 levels have been documented in many pathological situations, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and depression, in which increased oxidative stress, inflammation and alterations in monoaminergic function are described. This review aims at providing an update of the knowledge about metabolism and the role of BH4 in brain function, from preclinical to clinical studies, addressing some therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Fanet
- INRAe, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Neurosciences Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NurtriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Quebec City, Canada
| | - L. Capuron
- INRAe, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NurtriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Quebec City, Canada
| | - N. Castanon
- INRAe, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NurtriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Quebec City, Canada
| | - F. Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Neurosciences Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NurtriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Quebec City, Canada
| | - S. Vancassel
- INRAe, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NurtriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Quebec City, Canada
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Brain Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Maple Syrup Urine Disease: Implications for Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207490. [PMID: 33050626 PMCID: PMC7590055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by decreased activity of the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC), which catalyzes the irreversible catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Current management of this BCAA dyshomeostasis consists of dietary restriction of BCAAs and liver transplantation, which aims to partially restore functional BCKDC activity in the periphery. These treatments improve the circulating levels of BCAAs and significantly increase survival rates in MSUD patients. However, significant cognitive and psychiatric morbidities remain. Specifically, patients are at a higher lifetime risk for cognitive impairments, mood and anxiety disorders (depression, anxiety, and panic disorder), and attention deficit disorder. Recent literature suggests that the neurological sequelae may be due to the brain-specific roles of BCAAs. This review will focus on the derangements of BCAAs observed in the brain of MSUD patients and will explore the potential mechanisms driving neurologic dysfunction. Finally, we will discuss recent evidence that implicates the relevance of BCAA metabolism in other neurological disorders. An understanding of the role of BCAAs in the central nervous system may facilitate future identification of novel therapeutic approaches in MSUD and a broad range of neurological disorders.
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Blanco ME, Mayo OB, Bandiera T, De Pietri Tonelli D, Armirotti A. LC-MS/MS analysis of twelve neurotransmitters and amino acids in mouse cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 341:108760. [PMID: 32428622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND So far, analytical investigation of neuroactive molecules in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rodent models has been limited to rats, given the intrinsic anatomic difficulties related to mice sampling and the corresponding tiny amounts of CSF obtained. This poses a challenge for the research in neuroscience, where many, if not most, animal models for neuronal disorders rely on mice. NEW METHOD We introduce a new, sensitive and robust LC-MS/MS method to analyze a panel of twelve neuroactive molecules (NM) from mouse CSF (aspartic acid, serine, glycine, glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, norepinephrine, epinephrine, acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine and its metabolite 1-metylhistamine). The paper describes the sampling procedure that allows the collection of 1-2 microliters of pure CSF from individual mouse specimens. RESULTS To test its applicability, we challenged our method on the field, by sampling 37 individual animals, thus demonstrating its strength and reliability. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Compared to other methods, our procedure does not involve any extraction nor derivatization steps: samples are simply diluted and analyzed as such by LC-MS/MS, using a dedicated ion pairing agent in the chromatographic setup. The panel of neuroactive molecules that is analyzed in a single run is also significantly higher compared to other methods. CONCLUSIONS Given the number of mouse models used in the neuroscience research, we believe that our work will pave new ways to more advanced research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Encarnación Blanco
- Graphene Labs, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy; D3-Pharmachemistry, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Olga Barca Mayo
- Neuro miRNA Lab, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Tiziano Bandiera
- D3-Pharmachemistry, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Armirotti
- Graphene Labs, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy; Analytical Chemistry and In-vivo Pharmacology Facility, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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Jiang S, Berger S, Hu Y, Bartsch D, Tian Y. Alterations of the Motor and Olfactory Functions Related to Parkinson's Disease in Transgenic Mice With a VMAT2-Deficiency in Dopaminergic Neurons. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:356. [PMID: 32410942 PMCID: PMC7198702 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, with approximately six million people affected worldwide. Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) dysfunction has recently become a hot topic in the pathophysiology of PD, and the advent of transgenic mice has also accelerated the development of behavioral studies in animal models. However, there are only a few systematic behavioral tests that embrace abundant motor and non-motor performance in a unique mutant mouse model which correspond to the varied symptoms observed in human PD. The aim of this study is to evaluate the responsibility of the unique reduction of dopamine in the varied motor and non-motor symptoms of PD via a transgenic mice model. We analyzed neurotransmitter concentrations in the brain tissue of 18-month-old mutant mice, with selective inactivation of one allele of Vmat2 in dopaminergic neurons (VMAT2DATcre-HET) to confirm the selective reduction of dopamine, and then examined behavioral functions. Neurochemical tests showed lower dopamine concentrations in specific brain regions of VMAT2DATcre-HET mice, especially the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra and striatum, together with relatively unchanging concentrations of norepinephrine and serotonin, demonstrating the dopaminergic specificity of this mouse model. Behavioral tasks showed impairments in several motor functions and major defects in olfactory abilities in the VMAT2DATcre-HET mice. However, no significant changes were found in the majority of non-motor tests, such as emotional performance and sleep patterns. We concluded from this study that the selective inactivation of one allele of the Vmat2 gene in dopaminergic neurons was related to dopamine reduction, resulting in phenotypes resembling some of the major deficits in PD, especially those of motor symptoms and olfactory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Jiang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University Faculty of Medicine in Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Berger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University Faculty of Medicine in Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yajuan Hu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dusan Bartsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University Faculty of Medicine in Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
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