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Owens RA, Ignatowska-Jankowska B, Mustafa M, Beardsley PM, Wiley JL, Jali A, Selley DE, Niphakis MJ, Cravatt BF, Lichtman AH. Discriminative Stimulus Properties of the Endocannabinoid Catabolic Enzyme Inhibitor SA-57 in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 358:306-14. [PMID: 27307500 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas the inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) or monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), the respective major hydrolytic enzymes of N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), elicits no or partial substitution for Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in drug-discrimination procedures, combined inhibition of both enzymes fully substitutes for THC, as well as produces a constellation of cannabimimetic effects. The present study tested whether C57BL/6J mice would learn to discriminate the dual FAAH-MAGL inhibitor SA-57 (4-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl ester) from vehicle in the drug-discrimination paradigm. In initial experiments, 10 mg/kg SA-57 fully substituted for CP55,940 ((-)-cis-3-[2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl]-trans-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol), a high-efficacy CB1 receptor agonist in C57BL/6J mice and for AEA in FAAH (-/-) mice. Most (i.e., 23 of 24) subjects achieved criteria for discriminating SA-57 (10 mg/kg) from vehicle within 40 sessions, with full generalization occurring 1 to 2 hours postinjection. CP55,940, the dual FAAH-MAGL inhibitor JZL195 (4-nitrophenyl 4-(3-phenoxybenzyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate), and the MAGL inhibitors MJN110 (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 4-(bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate) and JZL184 (4-[Bis(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)hydroxymethyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester) fully substituted for SA-57. Although the FAAH inhibitors PF-3845 ((N-3-pyridinyl-4-[[3-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenyl]methyl]-1-piperidinecarboxamide) and URB597 (cyclohexylcarbamic acid 3'-(aminocarbonyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl ester) did not substitute for SA-57, PF-3845 produced a 2-fold leftward shift in the MJN110 substitution dose-response curve. In addition, the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant blocked the generalization of SA-57, as well as substitution of CP55,940, JZL195, MJN110, and JZL184. These findings suggest that MAGL inhibition plays a major role in the CB1 receptor-mediated SA-57 training dose, which is further augmented by FAAH inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Owens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (R.A.O., B.I.J., M.M., P.M.B., A.J., D.E.S., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N.; B.F.C.)
| | - Bogna Ignatowska-Jankowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (R.A.O., B.I.J., M.M., P.M.B., A.J., D.E.S., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N.; B.F.C.)
| | - Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (R.A.O., B.I.J., M.M., P.M.B., A.J., D.E.S., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N.; B.F.C.)
| | - Patrick M Beardsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (R.A.O., B.I.J., M.M., P.M.B., A.J., D.E.S., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N.; B.F.C.)
| | - Jenny L Wiley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (R.A.O., B.I.J., M.M., P.M.B., A.J., D.E.S., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N.; B.F.C.)
| | - Abdulmajeed Jali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (R.A.O., B.I.J., M.M., P.M.B., A.J., D.E.S., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N.; B.F.C.)
| | - Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (R.A.O., B.I.J., M.M., P.M.B., A.J., D.E.S., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N.; B.F.C.)
| | - Micah J Niphakis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (R.A.O., B.I.J., M.M., P.M.B., A.J., D.E.S., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N.; B.F.C.)
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (R.A.O., B.I.J., M.M., P.M.B., A.J., D.E.S., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N.; B.F.C.)
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (R.A.O., B.I.J., M.M., P.M.B., A.J., D.E.S., A.H.L.); RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (J.L.W.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (M.J.N.; B.F.C.)
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Ghosh S, Kinsey SG, Liu QS, Hruba L, McMahon LR, Grim TW, Merritt CR, Wise LE, Abdullah RA, Selley DE, Sim-Selley LJ, Cravatt BF, Lichtman AH. Full Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibition Combined with Partial Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibition: Augmented and Sustained Antinociceptive Effects with Reduced Cannabimimetic Side Effects in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 354:111-20. [PMID: 25998048 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.222851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) or monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), the primary hydrolytic enzymes for the respective endocannabinoids N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), produces antinociception but with minimal cannabimimetic side effects. Although selective inhibitors of either enzyme often show partial efficacy in various nociceptive models, their combined blockade elicits augmented antinociceptive effects, but side effects emerge. Moreover, complete and prolonged MAGL blockade leads to cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor functional tolerance, which represents another challenge in this potential therapeutic strategy. Therefore, the present study tested whether full FAAH inhibition combined with partial MAGL inhibition would produce sustained antinociceptive effects with minimal cannabimimetic side effects. Accordingly, we tested a high dose of the FAAH inhibitor PF-3845 (N-3-pyridinyl-4-[[3-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenyl]methyl]-1-piperidinecarboxamide; 10 mg/kg) given in combination with a low dose of the MAGL inhibitor JZL184 [4-nitrophenyl 4-(dibenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl(hydroxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate] (4 mg/kg) in mouse models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. This combination of inhibitors elicited profound increases in brain AEA levels (>10-fold) but only 2- to 3-fold increases in brain 2-AG levels. This combination produced significantly greater antinociceptive effects than single enzyme inhibition and did not elicit common cannabimimetic effects (e.g., catalepsy, hypomotility, hypothermia, and substitution for Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in the drug-discrimination assay), although these side effects emerged with high-dose JZL184 (i.e., 100 mg/kg). Finally, repeated administration of this combination did not lead to tolerance to its antiallodynic actions in the carrageenan assay or CB1 receptor functional tolerance. Thus, full FAAH inhibition combined with partial MAGL inhibition reduces neuropathic and inflammatory pain states with minimal cannabimimetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Steven G Kinsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Qing-Song Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Lenka Hruba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Lance R McMahon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Travis W Grim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Christina R Merritt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Laura E Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Rehab A Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Laura J Sim-Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
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