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Masala N, Pofahl M, Haubrich AN, Sameen Islam KU, Nikbakht N, Pasdarnavab M, Bohmbach K, Araki K, Kamali F, Henneberger C, Golcuk K, Ewell LA, Blaess S, Kelly T, Beck H. Targeting aberrant dendritic integration to treat cognitive comorbidities of epilepsy. Brain 2023; 146:2399-2417. [PMID: 36448426 PMCID: PMC10232249 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory deficits are a debilitating symptom of epilepsy, but little is known about mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits. Here, we describe a Na+ channel-dependent mechanism underlying altered hippocampal dendritic integration, degraded place coding and deficits in spatial memory. Two-photon glutamate uncaging experiments revealed a marked increase in the fraction of hippocampal first-order CA1 pyramidal cell dendrites capable of generating dendritic spikes in the kainate model of chronic epilepsy. Moreover, in epileptic mice dendritic spikes were generated with lower input synchrony, and with a lower threshold. The Nav1.3/1.1 selective Na+ channel blocker ICA-121431 reversed dendritic hyperexcitability in epileptic mice, while the Nav1.2/1.6 preferring anticonvulsant S-Lic did not. We used in vivo two-photon imaging to determine if aberrant dendritic excitability is associated with altered place-related firing of CA1 neurons. We show that ICA-121431 improves degraded hippocampal spatial representations in epileptic mice. Finally, behavioural experiments show that reversing aberrant dendritic excitability with ICA-121431 reverses hippocampal memory deficits. Thus, a dendritic channelopathy may underlie cognitive deficits in epilepsy and targeting it pharmacologically may constitute a new avenue to enhance cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Masala
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Pofahl
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - André N Haubrich
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Khondker Ushna Sameen Islam
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Negar Nikbakht
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maryam Pasdarnavab
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kirsten Bohmbach
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kunihiko Araki
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Fateme Kamali
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Henneberger
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Kurtulus Golcuk
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura A Ewell
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3950, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Sandra Blaess
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Kelly
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heinz Beck
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Suvekbala V, Ramachandran H, Veluchamy A, Mascarenhas MAB, Ramprasath T, Nair MKC, Garikipati VNS, Gundamaraju R, Subbiah R. The Promising Epigenetic Regulators for Refractory Epilepsy: An Adventurous Road Ahead. Neuromolecular Med 2022:10.1007/s12017-022-08723-0. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-022-08723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ketogenic diets and the nervous system: a scoping review of neurological outcomes from nutritional ketosis in animal studies. Nutr Res Rev 2021; 35:268-281. [PMID: 34180385 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ketogenic diets have reported efficacy for neurological dysfunctions; however, there are limited published human clinical trials elucidating the mechanisms by which nutritional ketosis produces therapeutic effects. The purpose of this present study was to investigate animal models that report variations in nervous system function by changing from a standard animal diet to a ketogenic diet, synthesise these into broad themes, and compare these with mechanisms reported as targets in pain neuroscience to inform human chronic pain trials. METHODS An electronic search of seven databases was conducted in July 2020. Two independent reviewers screened studies for eligibility, and descriptive outcomes relating to nervous system function were extracted for a thematic analysis, then synthesised into broad themes. RESULTS In total, 170 studies from eighteen different disease models were identified and grouped into fourteen broad themes: alterations in cellular energetics and metabolism, biochemical, cortical excitability, epigenetic regulation, mitochondrial function, neuroinflammation, neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, neurotransmitter function, nociception, redox balance, signalling pathways, synaptic transmission and vascular supply. DISCUSSION The mechanisms presented centred around the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress as well as a reduction in nervous system excitability. Given the multiple potential mechanisms presented, it is likely that many of these are involved synergistically and undergo adaptive processes within the human body, and controlled animal models that limit the investigation to a particular pathway in isolation may reach differing conclusions. Attention is required when translating this information to human chronic pain populations owing to the limitations outlined from the animal research.
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Ithal D, Sukumaran SK, Bhattacharjee D, Vemula A, Nadella R, Mahadevan J, Sud R, Viswanath B, Purushottam M, Jain S. Exome hits demystified: The next frontier. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 59:102640. [PMID: 33892377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have complex inheritance patterns, involving both common and rare variants. Whole exome sequencing is a promising approach to find out the rare genetic variants. We had previously reported several rare variants in multiplex families with severe mental illnesses. The current article tries to summarise the biological processes and pattern of expression of genes harbouring the aforementioned variants, linking them to known clinical manifestations through a methodical narrative review. Of the 28 genes considered for this review from 7 families with multiple affected individuals, 6 genes are implicated in various neuropsychiatric manifestations including some variations in the brain morphology assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Another 15 genes, though associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations, did not have established brain morphological changes whereas the remaining 7 genes did not have any previously recorded neuropsychiatric manifestations at all. Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway was associated with 6 of these genes and PI3K/AKT, calcium signaling, ERK, RhoA and notch signaling pathways had at least 2 gene associations. We present a comprehensive review of biological and clinical knowledge about the genes previously reported in multiplex families with severe mental illness. A 'disease in dish approach' can be helpful to further explore the fundamental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruva Ithal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Salil K Sukumaran
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharjee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Alekhya Vemula
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Nadella
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayant Mahadevan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Reeteka Sud
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Meera Purushottam
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Gao MM, Huang HY, Chen SY, Tang HL, He N, Feng WC, Lu P, Hu F, Yan HJ, Long YS. The ALOXE3 gene variants from patients with Dravet syndrome decrease gene expression and enzyme activity. Brain Res Bull 2021; 170:81-89. [PMID: 33581311 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression or dysfunction of a number of genes in the brain contributes to epilepsy, a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Local overexpression of arachidonate lipoxygenase 3 (ALOXE3), a key enzyme for arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic pathway, alleviates seizure severities. However, the relationship between the ALOXE3 gene mutation and epilepsy has not been reported until now. Here we firstly characterized the promoter of human ALOXE3 gene and found that the ALOXE3 promoter could drive luciferase gene expression in the human HEK-293 and SH-SY5Y cells. We then screened the ALOXE3 promoter region and all coding exons from those patients with Dravet syndrome and identified 5 variants c.-163T > C, c.-50C > G, c.-37G > A, c. + 228G > A and c. + 290G > T in the promoter region and one missense variant c.1939A > G (p.I647 V) in the exon. Of these variants in the promoter region, only -50C > G was a novel variant located on the transcriptional factor NFII-I binding element. Luciferase reporter gene analyses indicated that the c.-50C > G could decrease gene expression by preventing the TFII-I's binding. In addition, the variant p.I647 V was conserved among all analyzed species and located within the ALOXE3 functional domain for catalyzing its substrate. In cultured cell lines, overexpression of ALOXE3 significantly decreased the cellular AA levels and overexpression of ALOXE3-I647 V could restore the AA levels, suggesting that the p.I647 V mutant led to a decrease in enzyme activity. Taken together, the present study proposes that the identified ALOXE3 variants potentially contribute to the AA-pathway-mediated epileptogenesis, which should provide a novel avenue for clinical diagnosis of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Mei Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hao-Ying Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hui-Ling Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Na He
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wen-Cai Feng
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Fei Hu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hua-Juan Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yue-Sheng Long
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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Schwarz AP, Kovalenko AA, Malygina DA, Postnikova TY, Zubareva OE, Zaitsev AV. Reference Gene Validation in the Brain Regions of Young Rats after Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080239. [PMID: 32717922 PMCID: PMC7460155 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcription followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a powerful and commonly used tool for gene expression analysis. It requires the right choice of stably expressed reference genes for accurate normalization. In this work, we aimed to select the optimal reference genes for qRT-PCR normalization within different brain areas during the first week following pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in immature (P20–22) Wistar rats. We have tested the expression stability of a panel of nine housekeeping genes: Actb, Gapdh, B2m, Rpl13a, Sdha, Ppia, Hprt1, Pgk1, and Ywhaz. Based on geometric averaging of ranks obtained by four common algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Comparative Delta-Ct), we found that the stability of tested reference genes varied significantly between different brain regions. The expression of the tested panel of genes was very stable within the medial prefrontal and temporal cortex, and the dorsal hippocampus. However, within the ventral hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex and amygdala expression levels of most of the tested genes were not steady. The data revealed that in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model in juvenile rats, Pgk1, Ppia, and B2m expression are the most stable within the medial prefrontal cortex; Ppia, Rpl13a, and Sdha within the temporal cortex; Pgk1, Ppia, and Rpl13a within the entorhinal cortex; Gapdh, Ppia, and Pgk1 within the dorsal hippocampus; Rpl13a, Sdha, and Ppia within the ventral hippocampus; and Sdha, Pgk1, and Ppia within the amygdala. Our data indicate the need for a differential selection of reference genes across brain regions, including the dorsal and ventral hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. Schwarz
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 44, Toreza Prospekt, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia; (A.P.S.); (A.A.K.); (D.A.M.); (T.Y.P.); (O.E.Z.)
| | - Anna A. Kovalenko
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 44, Toreza Prospekt, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia; (A.P.S.); (A.A.K.); (D.A.M.); (T.Y.P.); (O.E.Z.)
| | - Daria A. Malygina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 44, Toreza Prospekt, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia; (A.P.S.); (A.A.K.); (D.A.M.); (T.Y.P.); (O.E.Z.)
| | - Tatiana Y. Postnikova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 44, Toreza Prospekt, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia; (A.P.S.); (A.A.K.); (D.A.M.); (T.Y.P.); (O.E.Z.)
| | - Olga E. Zubareva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 44, Toreza Prospekt, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia; (A.P.S.); (A.A.K.); (D.A.M.); (T.Y.P.); (O.E.Z.)
| | - Aleksey V. Zaitsev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 44, Toreza Prospekt, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia; (A.P.S.); (A.A.K.); (D.A.M.); (T.Y.P.); (O.E.Z.)
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 2 Akkuratova Street, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia
- Correspondence:
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7
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GAPDH as a model non-canonical AU-rich RNA binding protein. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 86:162-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Noori HR, Mervin LH, Bokharaie V, Durmus Ö, Egenrieder L, Fritze S, Gruhlke B, Reinhardt G, Schabel HH, Staudenmaier S, Logothetis NK, Bender A, Spanagel R. Systemic neurotransmitter responses to clinically approved and experimental neuropsychiatric drugs. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4699. [PMID: 30410047 PMCID: PMC6224407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are the third leading cause of global disease burden. Current pharmacological treatment for these disorders is inadequate, with often insufficient efficacy and undesirable side effects. One reason for this is that the links between molecular drug action and neurobehavioral drug effects are elusive. We use a big data approach from the neurotransmitter response patterns of 258 different neuropsychiatric drugs in rats to address this question. Data from experiments comprising 110,674 rats are presented in the Syphad database [ www.syphad.org ]. Chemoinformatics analyses of the neurotransmitter responses suggest a mismatch between the current classification of neuropsychiatric drugs and spatiotemporal neurostransmitter response patterns at the systems level. In contrast, predicted drug-target interactions reflect more appropriately brain region related neurotransmitter response. In conclusion the neurobiological mechanism of neuropsychiatric drugs are not well reflected by their current classification or their chemical similarity, but can be better captured by molecular drug-target interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R Noori
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Ring 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Courant Institute for Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 251 Mercer Street, New York, NY, 10012, USA.
- Neuronal Convergence Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Ring 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Lewis H Mervin
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Vahid Bokharaie
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Ring 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Özlem Durmus
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lisamon Egenrieder
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Fritze
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Britta Gruhlke
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Giulia Reinhardt
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Hendrik Schabel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabine Staudenmaier
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nikos K Logothetis
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Ring 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159, Mannheim, Germany
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Peng J, Pang N, Wang Y, Wang XL, Chen J, Xiong J, Peng P, Zhu CH, Kessi MB, He F, Yin F. Next-generation sequencing improves treatment efficacy and reduces hospitalization in children with drug-resistant epilepsy. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 25:14-20. [PMID: 29933521 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purposes of this study were three-fold: (i) to determine the contribution of known genes to the causation of a broad-spectrum of pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), (ii) to compare the diagnostic yield and cost among different next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches, and especially (iii) to assess how NGS approaches can benefit patients by improving diagnosis and treatment efficiency. METHODS This study enrolled 273 pediatric DRE patients with no obvious acquired etiology. Seventy-four patients underwent whole-exome sequencing (WES), 141 patients had epilepsy-related gene panel testing, and another 58 patients had clinical WES gene panel testing. We obtained these patients' seizure and hospitalization frequency by periodic follow-up phone calls and outpatient visits. RESULTS Genetic diagnosis was achieved in 86 patients (31.5%) and involved 93 likely disease-causing mutations in 33 genes. In this study, the detection rates of the epilepsy-related gene panel, the clinical WES gene panel, and WES were 32.6% (46/141), 44.8% (26/58), and 17.3% (13/74), respectively. Moreover, 34 patients accepted corrective therapy according to their mutant genes, after which 52.9% (18/34) became seizure-free and 38.2% (13/34) achieved seizure reduction. In the end, patients with either positive or negative genetic results had significantly fewer hospitalization incidents (times/half year) than before (positive genetic results group 0.58 ± 1.14 vs 0.10 ± 0.26; negative genetic results group 0.72 ± 1.65 vs 0.12 ± 0.33). CONCLUSIONS These results offer further proof that NGS approaches represent powerful tools for establishing a definitive diagnosis. Moreover, this study indicated how NGS can improve treatment efficacy and reduce hospitalization in children with DRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nan Pang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Le Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Peng
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can-Hui Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miriam Barakael Kessi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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MDH2 is an RNA binding protein involved in downregulation of sodium channel Scn1a expression under seizure condition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1492-1499. [PMID: 28433711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channel α-subunit type I (NaV1.1, encoded by SCN1A gene) plays a critical role in the excitability of brain. Downregulation of SCN1A expression is associated with epilepsy, a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Here we reveal a novel role of malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) in the posttranscriptional regulation of SCN1A expression under seizure condition. We identified that MDH2 was an RNA binding protein that could bind two of the four conserved regions in the 3' UTRs of SCN1A. We further showed that knockdown of MDH2 or inactivation of MDH2 activity in HEK-293 cells increased the reporter gene expression through the 3' UTR of SCN1A, and MDH2 overexpression decreased gene expression by affecting mRNA stability. In the hippocampus of seizure mice, the upregulation of MDH2 expression contributed to the decrease of the NaV1.1 levels at posttranscriptional level. In addition, we showed that the H2O2 levels increased in the hippocampus of the seizure mice, and H2O2 could promote the binding of MDH2 to the binding sites of Scn1a gene, whereas β-mercaptoethanol decreased the binding capability, indicating an important effect of the seizure-induced oxidation on the MDH2-mediated downregulation of Scn1a expression. Taken together, these data suggest that MDH2, functioning as an RNA-binding protein, is involved in the posttranscriptional downregulation of SCN1A expression under seizure condition.
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Abstract
Ketone body metabolism is a central node in physiological homeostasis. In this review, we discuss how ketones serve discrete fine-tuning metabolic roles that optimize organ and organism performance in varying nutrient states and protect from inflammation and injury in multiple organ systems. Traditionally viewed as metabolic substrates enlisted only in carbohydrate restriction, observations underscore the importance of ketone bodies as vital metabolic and signaling mediators when carbohydrates are abundant. Complementing a repertoire of known therapeutic options for diseases of the nervous system, prospective roles for ketone bodies in cancer have arisen, as have intriguing protective roles in heart and liver, opening therapeutic options in obesity-related and cardiovascular disease. Controversies in ketone metabolism and signaling are discussed to reconcile classical dogma with contemporary observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Puchalska
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
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