1
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Vijayarajah S, Schlichting ML. Developmental refinements to neural attentional state during semantic memory retrieval through adolescence. Cortex 2024; 176:77-93. [PMID: 38761418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite the fact that attention undergoes protracted development, little is known about how it may support memory refinements in childhood and adolescence. Here, we asked whether people differentially focus their attention on semantic or perceptual information over development during memory retrieval. First, we trained a multivoxel classifier to characterize whole-brain neural patterns reflecting semantic versus perceptual attention in a cued attention task. We then used this classifier to quantify how attention varied in a separate dataset in which children, adolescents, and adults retrieved autobiographical, semantic, and episodic memories. All age groups demonstrated a semantic attentional bias during memory retrieval, with significant age differences in this bias during the semantic task. Trials began with a preparatory picture cue followed by a retrieval question, which allowed us to ask whether attentional biases varied by trial period. Adults showed a semantic bias earlier during the picture cues, whereas adolescents showed this bias during the question. Adults and adolescents also engaged different brain regions-superior parietal cortex and ventral visual regions, respectively-during preparatory picture cues. Our results demonstrate that retrieval-related attention undergoes refinement beyond childhood. These findings suggest that alongside expanding semantic knowledge, attention-related changes may support the maturation of factual knowledge retrieval.
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2
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Ding K, He R, Wang X, Chen Q, Kenett YN. Recognizing ideas generated in a creative task: the roles of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex in facilitating self-generated learning. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae219. [PMID: 38798002 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Creative idea generation plays an important role in promoting successful memory formation. Yet, its underlying neural correlates remain unclear. We investigated the self-generated learning of creative ideas motivated by the schema-linked interactions between medial prefrontal and medial temporal regions framework. This was achieved by having participants generate ideas in the alternative uses task, self-evaluating their ideas based on novelty and source (i.e. new or old), and then later being tested on the recognition performance of the generated ideas. At the behavioral level, our results indicated superior performances in discriminating novel ideas, highlighting the novelty effect on memory. At the neural level, the regions-of-interest analyses revealed that successful recognition of novel ideas was associated with greater activations in the hippocampus (HPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during ideation. However, only activation in the right HPC was positively related to the successful recognition of novel ideas. Importantly, the weaker the connection between the right HPC and left mPFC, the higher the recognition accuracy of novel ideas. Moreover, activations in the right HPC and left mPFC were both effective predictors of successful recognition of novel ideas. These findings uniquely highlight the role of novelty in promoting self-generated learning of creative ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ding
- Faculty of Data and Decision Sciences, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technicon City, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ruizhi He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, No. 10, Helmholtzstr, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Yoed N Kenett
- Faculty of Data and Decision Sciences, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technicon City, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
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3
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Macias C, Persaud K. From silos to synergy: Integrating approaches to investigate the role of prior knowledge and expectations on episodic memory. Psychon Bull Rev 2024:10.3758/s13423-024-02505-4. [PMID: 38691223 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Significant progress in the investigation of how prior knowledge influences episodic memory has been made using three sometimes isolated (but not mutually exclusive) approaches: strictly adult behavioral investigations, computational models, and investigations into the development of the system. Here we point out that these approaches are complementary, each approach informs and is informed by the other. Thus, a natural next step for research is to combine all three approaches to further our understanding of the role of prior knowledge in episodic memory. Here we use studies of memory for expectation-congruent and incongruent information from each of these often disparate approaches to illustrate how combining approaches can be used to test and revise theories from the other. This domain is particularly advantageous because it highlights important features of more general memory processes, further differentiates models of memory, and can shed light on developmental change in the memory system. We then present a case study to illustrate the progress that can be made from integrating all three approaches and highlight the need for more endeavors in this vein. As a first step, we also propose a new computational model of memory that takes into account behavioral and developmental factors that can influence prior knowledge and episodic memory interactions. This integrated approach has great potential for offering novel insights into the relationship between prior knowledge and episodic memory, and cognition more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Macias
- Psychology Department, Rutgers University - Newark, Smith Hall, 101 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
| | - Kimele Persaud
- Psychology Department, Rutgers University - Newark, Smith Hall, 101 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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4
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Bein O, Gasser C, Amer T, Maril A, Davachi L. Predictions transform memories: How expected versus unexpected events are integrated or separated in memory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105368. [PMID: 37619645 PMCID: PMC10591973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Our brains constantly generate predictions about the environment based on prior knowledge. Many of the events we experience are consistent with these predictions, while others might be inconsistent with prior knowledge and thus violate our predictions. To guide future behavior, the memory system must be able to strengthen, transform, or add to existing knowledge based on the accuracy of our predictions. We synthesize recent evidence suggesting that when an event is consistent with our predictions, it leads to neural integration between related memories, which is associated with enhanced associative memory, as well as memory biases. Prediction errors, in turn, can promote both neural integration and separation, and lead to multiple mnemonic outcomes. We review these findings and how they interact with factors such as memory reactivation, prediction error strength, and task goals, to offer insight into what determines memory for events that violate our predictions. In doing so, this review brings together recent neural and behavioral research to advance our understanding of how predictions shape memory, and why.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Bein
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States.
| | - Camille Gasser
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Tarek Amer
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Anat Maril
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Cognitive Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lila Davachi
- Center for Clinical Research, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
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5
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Developmental differences in memory reactivation relate to encoding and inference in the human brain. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:415-428. [PMID: 34782728 PMCID: PMC8973118 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that children can draw on their memories to make novel inferences, it is unknown whether they do so through the same neural mechanisms as adults. We measured memory reinstatement as participants aged 7-30 years learned new, related information. While adults brought memories to mind throughout learning, adolescents did so only transiently, and children not at all. Analysis of trial-wise variability in reactivation showed that discrepant neural mechanisms-and in particular, what we interpret as suppression of interfering memories during learning in early adolescence-are nevertheless beneficial for later inference at each developmental stage. These results suggest that while adults build integrated memories well-suited to informing inference directly, children and adolescents instead must rely on separate memories to be individually referenced at the time of inference decisions.
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6
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Müller NCJ, Kohn N, van Buuren M, Klijn N, Emmen H, Berkers RMWJ, Dresler M, Janzen G, Fernández G. Differences in executive abilities rather than associative processes contribute to memory development. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:6000-6013. [PMID: 34636105 PMCID: PMC8596915 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Children's learning capabilities change while growing up. One framework that describes the cognitive and neural development of children's growing learning abilities is the two‐component model. It distinguishes processes that integrate separate features into a coherent memory representation (associative component) and executive abilities, such as elaboration, evaluation, and monitoring, that support memory processing (strategic component). In an fMRI study using an object‐location association paradigm, we investigated how the two components influence memory performance across development. We tested children (10–12 years, n = 31), late adolescents (18 years, n = 29), and adults (25+ years, n = 30). For studying the associative component, we also probed how the utilisation of prior knowledge (schemas) facilitates memory across age groups. Children had overall lower retrieval performance, while adolescents and adults did not differ from each other. All groups benefitted from schemas, but this effect did not differ between groups. Performance differences between groups were associated with deactivation of the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), which in turn was linked to executive functioning. These patterns were stronger in adolescents and adults and seemed absent in children. Thus, the children's executive system, the strategic component, is not as mature and thus cannot facilitate memory performance in the same way as in adolescents/adults. In contrast, we did not find age‐related differences in the associative component; with activity in the angular gyrus predicting memory performance systematically across groups. Overall, our results suggest that differences of executive rather than associative abilities explain memory differences between children, adolescents, and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils C J Müller
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Kohn
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariët van Buuren
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Klijn
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Helene Emmen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud M W J Berkers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Dresler
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Janzen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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Sipe SJ, Pathman T. Memory at Play: Examining Relations Between Episodic and Semantic Memory in a Children's Museum. Child Dev 2021; 92:e270-e284. [PMID: 33368186 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The relation between episodic and semantic memory was examined by testing how semantic knowledge influences children's episodic memory for events and their locations. Five-, six-, and seven-year-olds (N = 87) engaged in events in a children's museum designed as a town. Events were semantically congruent or incongruent with the spatial location (e.g., sorting mail at post office vs. grocery store). In addition to this experimental paradigm, a semantic interview assessed children's semantic knowledge about real-world locations. Accuracy in the experimental paradigm showed that children's semantic memory influenced memory for locations. Interviews revealed age-related improvements in children's semantic knowledge. Regression analyses examined factors that best supported episodic memory. These results provide novel insights and highlight the utility of research in naturalistic settings.
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8
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Vidal-Piñeiro D, Sneve MH, Amlien IK, Grydeland H, Mowinckel AM, Roe JM, Sørensen Ø, Nyberg LH, Walhovd KB, Fjell AM. The Functional Foundations of Episodic Memory Remain Stable Throughout the Lifespan. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2098-2110. [PMID: 33251549 PMCID: PMC7945016 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that specific forms of cognition in older age rely largely on late-life specific mechanisms. Here instead, we tested using task-fMRI (n = 540, age 6–82 years) whether the functional foundations of successful episodic memory encoding adhere to a principle of lifespan continuity, shaped by developmental, structural, and evolutionary influences. We clustered regions of the cerebral cortex according to the shape of the lifespan trajectory of memory activity in each region so that regions showing the same pattern were clustered together. The results revealed that lifespan trajectories of memory encoding function showed a continuity through life but no evidence of age-specific mechanisms such as compensatory patterns. Encoding activity was related to general cognitive abilities and variations of grey matter as captured by a multi-modal independent component analysis, variables reflecting core aspects of cognitive and structural change throughout the lifespan. Furthermore, memory encoding activity aligned to fundamental aspects of brain organization, such as large-scale connectivity and evolutionary cortical expansion gradients. Altogether, we provide novel support for a perspective on memory aging in which maintenance and decay of episodic memory in older age needs to be understood from a comprehensive life-long perspective rather than as a late-life phenomenon only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - Markus H Sneve
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - Inge K Amlien
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - Håkon Grydeland
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - Athanasia M Mowinckel
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - James M Roe
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - Lars H Nyberg
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Physiology Section, Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 04024 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 04024 Oslo, Norway
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9
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Ghetti S, Fandakova Y. Neural Development of Memory and Metamemory in Childhood and Adolescence: Toward an Integrative Model of the Development of Episodic Recollection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-devpsych-060320-085634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Memory and metamemory processes are essential to retrieve detailed memories and appreciate the phenomenological experience of recollection. Developmental cognitive neuroscience has made strides in revealing the neural changes associated with improvements in memory and metamemory during childhood and adolescence. We argue that hippocampal changes, in concert with surrounding cortical regions, support developmental improvements in the precision, complexity, and flexibility of memory representations. In contrast, changes in frontoparietal regions promote efficient encoding and retrieval strategies. A smaller body of literature on the neural substrates of metamemory development suggests that error monitoring processes implemented in the anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex trigger, and perhaps support the development of, metacognitive evaluationsin the prefrontal cortex, while developmental changes in the parietal cortex support changes in the phenomenological experience of episodic retrieval. Our conclusions highlight the necessity of integrating these lines of research into a comprehensive model on the neurocognitive development of episodic recollection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ghetti
- Department of Psychology and Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, California 95618, USA
| | - Yana Fandakova
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Lewis CE, Thomas KGF, Ofen N, Warton CMR, Robertson F, Lindinger NM, Molteno CD, Meintjes EM, Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW. An fMRI investigation of neural activation predicting memory formation in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 30:102532. [PMID: 33636539 PMCID: PMC7918676 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Expected brain regions activated during memory formation in FASD and Control children. Prenatal alcohol predicted differences in brain activations during memory formation. More extensive neural activation during successful memory formation in FAS/PFAS group.
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with physical anomalies, growth restriction, and a range of neurobehavioral deficits. Although declarative memory impairment has been documented extensively in individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), this cognitive process has been examined in only one functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, and mechanisms underlying this impairment are not well understood. We used an event-related fMRI design to examine neural activations during visual scene encoding that predict subsequent scene memory in 51 right-handed children (age range = 10–14 years, M = 11.3, SD = 1.3) whose mothers had been recruited and interviewed prospectively about their alcohol use during pregnancy. Following examination by expert dysmorphologists, children were assigned to one of three FASD diagnostic groups: FAS/PFAS (nFAS = 7; nPFAS = 4), nonsyndromal heavily exposed (HE; n = 14), and Controls (n = 26). Subsequent memory was assessed in a post-scan recognition test, and subsequent memory activations were examined by contrasting activations during encoding of scenes that were subsequently remembered (hits) to those for incorrectly judged as ‘new’ (misses). Recognition accuracy did not differ between groups. Pooled across groups, we observed extensive bilateral subsequent memory effects in regions including the hippocampal formation, posterior parietal cortex, and occipital cortex—a pattern consistent with previous similar studies of typically developing children. Critically, in the group of children with FAS or PFAS, we observed activations in several additional regions compared to HE and Control groups. Given the absence of between-group differences in recognition accuracy, these data suggest that in achieving similar memory compared to children in the HE and Control groups, children with FAS and PFAS recruit more extensive neural resources to achieve successful memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Lewis
- ACSENT Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Psychology, Cape Town, South Africa; Child Development Research Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Kevin G F Thomas
- ACSENT Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Psychology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Noa Ofen
- Life-Span Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Department of Psychology, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christopher M R Warton
- Child Development Research Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frances Robertson
- MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nadine M Lindinger
- ACSENT Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Psychology, Cape Town, South Africa; Child Development Research Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christopher D Molteno
- Child Development Research Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ernesta M Meintjes
- MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joseph L Jacobson
- Child Development Research Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Cape Town, South Africa; Child Development Research Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Cape Town, South Africa; Child Development Research Laboratory, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sandra W Jacobson
- Child Development Research Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Cape Town, South Africa; Child Development Research Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Cape Town, South Africa; Child Development Research Laboratory, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Detroit, MI, USA.
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11
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Bein O, Reggev N, Maril A. Prior knowledge promotes hippocampal separation but cortical assimilation in the left inferior frontal gyrus. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4590. [PMID: 32929067 PMCID: PMC7490707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An adaptive memory system rarely learns information tabula rasa, but rather builds on prior knowledge to facilitate learning. How prior knowledge influences the neural representation of novel associations remains unknown. Here, participants associated pairs of faces in two conditions: a famous, highly familiar face with a novel face or two novel faces while undergoing fMRI. We examine multivoxel activity patterns corresponding to individual faces before and after learning. The activity patterns representing members of famous-novel pairs becomes separated in the hippocampus, that is, more distinct from one another through learning, in striking contrast to paired novel faces that become similar. In the left inferior frontal gyrus, however, prior knowledge leads to integration, and in a specific direction: the representation of the novel face becomes similar to that of the famous face after learning, suggesting assimilation of new into old memories. We propose that hippocampal separation might resolve interference between existing and newly learned information, allowing cortical assimilation. Thus, associative learning with versus without prior knowledge relies on radically different computations. Prior knowledge strongly impacts new learning, but its influence on the neural representation of novel information is unknown. Here, the authors show multiple neural codes for learning: prior knowledge leads to integrated cortical representations, while promoting hippocampal separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Bein
- Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Pl, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Niv Reggev
- Psychology Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 1 Shderot Ben Gurion, Be'er Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Anat Maril
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, 91905, Israel. .,Department of Cognitive Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, 91905, Israel.
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12
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Fandakova Y, Leckey S, Driver CC, Bunge SA, Ghetti S. Neural specificity of scene representations is related to memory performance in childhood. Neuroimage 2019; 199:105-113. [PMID: 31121295 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful memory encoding is supported by medial temporal, retrosplenial, and occipital regions, which show developmental differences in recruitment from childhood to adulthood. However, little is known about the extent to which neural specificity in these brain regions, or the distinctiveness with which sensory information is represented, continues to develop during middle childhood and how it contributes to memory performance. The present study used multivariate pattern analysis to examine the distinctiveness of different scene representations in 169 children and 31 adults, and its relation to memory performance. Most children provided data over up to three measurement occasions between 8 and 15 years (267 total scans), allowing us to examine changes in memory and neural specificity over time. Memory performance was lower in children than in adults, and increased in children over time. Different scenes presented during memory encoding could be reliably decoded from parahippocampal, lateral occipital, and retrosplenial regions in children and adults. Neural specificity in children was similar to adults, and did not change reliably over time. Among children, higher neural specificity in scene-processing regions was associated with better memory concurrently. These results suggest that the distinctiveness with which incoming information is represented is important for memory performance in childhood, but other processes operating on these representations support developmental improvements in memory performance over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Fandakova
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 132 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Sarah Leckey
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Charles C Driver
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvia A Bunge
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 132 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 3407 Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Simona Ghetti
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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13
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Amlien IK, Sneve MH, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Walhovd KB, Fjell AM. Elaboration Benefits Source Memory Encoding Through Centrality Change. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3704. [PMID: 30842457 PMCID: PMC6403239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in levels of processing affect memory encoding and subsequent retrieval performance, but it is unknown how processing depth affects communication patterns within the network of interconnected brain regions involved in episodic memory encoding. In 113 healthy adults scanned with functional MRI, we used graph theory to calculate centrality indices representing the brain regions’ relative importance in the memory network. We tested how communication patterns in 42 brain regions involved in episodic memory encoding changed as a function of processing depth, and how these changes were related to episodic memory ability. Centrality changes in right middle frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule and left superior frontal gyrus were positively related to semantic elaboration during encoding. In the same regions, centrality during successful episodic memory encoding was related to performance on the episodic memory task, indicating that these centrality changes reflect processes that support memory encoding through deep elaborative processing. Similar analyses were performed for congruent trials, i.e. events that fit into existing knowledge structures, but no relationship between centrality changes and congruity were found. The results demonstrate that while elaboration and congruity have similar beneficial effects on source memory performance, the cortical signatures of these processes are probably not identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge K Amlien
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Markus H Sneve
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Baadte C, Meinhardt‐Injac B. The picture superiority effect in associative memory: A developmental study. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 37:382-395. [DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Baadte
- Department of Psychology Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Germany
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15
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Sepeta LN, Berl MM, Gaillard WD. Imaging episodic memory during development and childhood epilepsy. J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:40. [PMID: 30541437 PMCID: PMC6292091 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-018-9255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy affects 2.2 million adults in the USA, with 1 in 26 people developing epilepsy at some point in their lives. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of focal epilepsy as medial structures, and the hippocampus in particular, are prone to generating seizures. Selective anterior temporal resection (which removes the hippocampus) is the most effective intractable TLE treatment, but given the critical role of the mesial temporal lobe in memory functioning, resection can have negative effects on this crucial cognitive skill. To minimize the adverse impact of temporal lobe surgery on memory functioning, reliable pre-surgical guides are needed. Clinical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides reliable, noninvasive guidance of language functioning and plays a growing role in the pre-surgical evaluation for epilepsy patients; however, localization of memory function in children with epilepsy using fMRI has not been established. Aside from the lack of neuroimaging memory studies in children with TLE, studies of typical development are limited. This review will focus on the functional anatomy of memory systems throughout development, with a focus on TLE. TLE provides the ideal model from which to understand memory function and the limits of plasticity and compensation/reorganization throughout development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh N. Sepeta
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, D.C., 20010 USA
- Clinical Epilepsy Section, National Institutes for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Madison M. Berl
- Clinical Epilepsy Section, National Institutes for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - William Davis Gaillard
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, D.C., 20010 USA
- Clinical Epilepsy Section, National Institutes for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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16
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Johnson EL, Tang L, Yin Q, Asano E, Ofen N. Direct brain recordings reveal prefrontal cortex dynamics of memory development. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat3702. [PMID: 30585286 PMCID: PMC6300397 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat3702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Prevailing theories link prefrontal cortex (PFC) maturation to the development of declarative memory. However, the precise spatiotemporal correlates of memory formation in the developing brain are not known. We provide rare intracranial evidence that the spatiotemporal propagation of frontal activity supports memory formation in children. Seventeen subjects (6.2 to 19.4 years) studied visual scenes in preparation for a recognition memory test while undergoing direct cortical monitoring. Earlier PFC activity predicted greater accuracy, and subsecond deviations in activity flow between subregions predicted memory formation. Activity flow between inferior and precentral sites was refined during adolescence, partially explaining gains in memory. In contrast, middle frontal activity predicted memory independent of age. These findings show with subsecond temporal precision that the developing PFC links scene perception and memory formation and underscore the role of the PFC in supporting memory development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. L. Johnson
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Corresponding author. (E.L.J.); (N.O.)
| | - L. Tang
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Q. Yin
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - E. Asano
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - N. Ofen
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child & Family Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Neurobiology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Corresponding author. (E.L.J.); (N.O.)
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17
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Specifying the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in memory formation. Neuropsychologia 2018; 111:8-15. [PMID: 29317324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent neuroimaging research suggests that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) plays an important role for successful memory formation that takes place in the context of activated prior knowledge. These findings led to the notion that the vmPFC integrates new information into existing knowledge structures. However, a considerable number of neuroimaging studies that have investigated memory formation in the context of prior knowledge have not found vmPFC involvement. To resolve this inconsistency, we propose a distinction between knowledge-relevance (the degree to which new information can be linked to prior knowledge) and knowledge-congruency (the perceived match between prior knowledge and the to-be-encoded information). We hypothesized that the vmPFC contributes to successful memory formation only when perceived knowledge-congruency is high, independent of knowledge-relevance. We tested this hypothesis in a design that varied both congruency and relevance during memory encoding, which was performed in the MR scanner. As predicted, the results showed that vmPFC contributions to memory formation vary as a function of knowledge-congruency, but not as a function of knowledge-relevance. Our finding contributes to elucidating the seemingly inconsistent findings in the literature and helps to specify the role of the vmPFC in memory formation.
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18
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Köster M, Haese A, Czernochowski D. Neuronal oscillations reveal the processes underlying intentional compared to incidental learning in children and young adults. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182540. [PMID: 28767720 PMCID: PMC5540547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This EEG study investigated the neuronal processes during intentional compared to incidental learning in young adults and two groups of children aged 10 and 7 years. Theta (3–8 Hz) and alpha (10–16 Hz) neuronal oscillations were analyzed to compare encoding processes during an intentional and an incidental encoding task. In all three age groups, both encoding conditions were associated with an increase in event-related theta activity. Encoding-related alpha suppression increased with age. Memory performance was higher in the intentional compared to the incidental task in all age groups. Furthermore, intentional learning was associated with an improved encoding of perceptual features, which were relevant for the retrieval phase. Theta activity increased from incidental to intentional encoding. Specifically, frontal theta increased in all age groups, while parietal theta increased only in adults and older children. In younger children, parietal theta was similarly high in both encoding phases. While alpha suppression may reflect semantic processes during encoding, increased theta activity during intentional encoding may indicate perceptual binding processes, in accordance with the demands of the encoding task. Higher encoding-related alpha suppression in the older age groups, together with age differences in parietal theta activity during incidental learning in young children, is in line with recent theoretical accounts, emphasizing the role of perceptual processes in mnemonic processing in young children, whereas semantic encoding processes continue to mature throughout middle childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Köster
- Center for Cognitive Science, Technical University Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Haese
- Center for Cognitive Science, Technical University Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Daniela Czernochowski
- Center for Cognitive Science, Technical University Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
- * E-mail:
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19
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Reggev N, Sharoni R, Maril A. Distinctiveness Benefits Novelty (and Not Familiarity), but Only Up to a Limit: The Prior Knowledge Perspective. Cogn Sci 2017; 42:103-128. [PMID: 28503806 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Novelty is a pivotal player in cognition, and its contribution to superior memory performance is a widely accepted convention. On the other hand, mnemonic advantages for familiar information are also well documented. Here, we examine the role of experimental distinctiveness as a potential explanation for these apparently conflicting findings. Across two experiments, we demonstrate that conceptual novelty, an unfamiliar combination of familiar constituents, is sensitive to its experimental proportions: Improved memory for novelty was observed when novel stimuli were relatively rare. Memory levels for familiar items, in contrast, were completely unaffected by experimental proportions, highlighting their insensitivity to list-based distinctiveness. Finally, no mnemonic advantage for conceptual novelty over familiarity was observed even when novel stimuli were extremely rare at study. Together, these results imply that novel and familiar items are processed via partially distinct mechanisms, with (at least some facets of) novelty not providing a mnemonic advantage over familiarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niv Reggev
- Department of Cognitive Science, The Hebrew University.,Department of Psychology, Harvard University
| | | | - Anat Maril
- Department of Cognitive Science, The Hebrew University.,Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University
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20
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Brod G, Lindenberger U, Shing YL. Neural activation patterns during retrieval of schema-related memories: differences and commonalities between children and adults. Dev Sci 2016; 20. [PMID: 29076268 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schemas represent stable properties of individuals' experiences, and allow them to classify new events as being congruent or incongruent with existing knowledge. Research with adults indicates that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in memory retrieval of schema-related information. However, developmental differences between children and adults in the neural correlates of schema-related memories are not well understood. One reason for this is the inherent confound between schema-relevant experience and maturation, as both are related to time. To overcome this limitation, we used a novel paradigm that experimentally induces, and then probes for, task-relevant knowledge during encoding of new information. Thirty-one children aged 8-12 years and 26 young adults participated in the experiment. While successfully retrieving schema-congruent events, children showed less medial PFC activity than adults. In addition, medial PFC activity during successful retrieval correlated positively with children's age. While successfully retrieving schema-incongruent events, children showed stronger hippocampus (HC) activation as well as weaker connectivity between the striatum and the dorsolateral PFC than adults. These findings were corroborated by an exploratory full-factorial analysis investigating age differences in the retrieval of schema-congruent versus schema-incongruent events, comparing the two conditions directly. Consistent with the findings of the separate analyses, two clusters, one in the medial PFC, one in the HC, were identified that exhibited a memory × congruency × age group interaction. In line with the two-component model of episodic memory development, the present findings point to an age-related shift from a more HC-bound processing to an increasing recruitment of prefrontal brain regions in the retrieval of schema-related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garvin Brod
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,European University Institute, San Domenico di Fiesole, Italy
| | - Yee Lee Shing
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, UK
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21
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Reggev N, Bein O, Maril A. Distinct Neural Suppression and Encoding Effects for Conceptual Novelty and Familiarity. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 28:1455-70. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Like yin and yang, novelty and familiarity are typically described as separate-yet-complementary aspects of an experience, two ends of a single continuum. However, novelty and familiarity are also multifaceted. For instance, novelty can sometimes result in enhanced mnemonic performance, whereas at other times familiarity is better remembered. As previous investigations focused primarily on the experimental aspect of novelty, the mechanisms supporting conceptual novelty (the novel combination of two previously unrelated existing concepts) remain unclear. Importantly, conceptual novelty can be recognized as such only when compared with preexperimental familiar knowledge, regardless of experimental status. Here we applied a combined repetition suppression/subsequent memory fMRI paradigm, focusing on the conceptual aspect of novelty and familiarity as the subject matter. Conceptual novelty was characterized by sustained neural activity; familiarity, on the other hand, exhibited repetition effects in multiple cortical regions, a subset of which was modulated by successful encoding. Subsequent memory of novelty was associated only with activation differences in a distinct set of regions, including the hippocampus and medial cortical regions. These results suggest that conceptual novelty (a) does not (easily) trigger the repetition suppression phenomenon but requires sustained neural recruitment and (b) activates dedicated encoding mechanisms. Conceptual familiarity, in contrast, allows rapid neural processing that depends upon existing neural representations. Overall, these findings challenge the definition of novelty as a unitary concept. Furthermore, they bear important implications for research into the neural bases of knowledge representation and recognition memory.
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22
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Task characteristics are critical for the use of familiarity: An ERP study on episodic memory development in middle childhood. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Alberca-Reina E, Cantero JL, Atienza M. Impact of sleep loss before learning on cortical dynamics during memory retrieval. Neuroimage 2015; 123:51-62. [PMID: 26302671 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that sleep loss before learning decreases activation of the hippocampus during encoding and promotes forgetting. But it remains to be determined which neural systems are functionally affected during memory retrieval after one night of recovery sleep. To investigate this issue, we evaluated memory for pairs of famous people's faces with the same or different profession (i.e., semantically congruent or incongruent faces) after one night of undisturbed sleep in subjects who either underwent 4hours of acute sleep restriction (ASR, N=20) or who slept 8hours the pre-training night (controls, N=20). EEG recordings were collected during the recognition memory task in both groups, and the cortical sources generating this activity localized by applying a spatial beamforming filter in the frequency domain. Even though sleep restriction did not affect accuracy of memory performance, controls showed a much larger decrease of alpha power relative to a baseline period when compared to sleep-deprived subjects. These group differences affected a widespread frontotemporoparietal network involved in retrieval of episodic/semantic memories. Regression analyses further revealed that associative memory in the ASR group was negatively correlated with alpha power in the occipital regions, whereas the benefit of congruency in the same group was positively correlated with delta power in the left lateral prefrontal cortex. Retrieval-related decreases of alpha power have been associated with the reactivation of material-specific memory representations, whereas increases of delta power have been related to inhibition of interferences that may affect the performance of the task. We can therefore draw the conclusion that a few hours of sleep loss in the pre-training night, though insufficient to change the memory performance, is sufficient to alter the processes involved in retrieving and manipulating episodic and semantic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alberca-Reina
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Spanish Network of Excellence for Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - J L Cantero
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Spanish Network of Excellence for Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - M Atienza
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Spanish Network of Excellence for Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain.
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24
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Bein O, Livneh N, Reggev N, Gilead M, Goshen-Gottstein Y, Maril A. Delineating the effect of semantic congruency on episodic memory: the role of integration and relatedness. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115624. [PMID: 25695759 PMCID: PMC4335002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental challenge in the study of learning and memory is to understand the role of existing knowledge in the encoding and retrieval of new episodic information. The importance of prior knowledge in memory is demonstrated in the congruency effect-the robust finding wherein participants display better memory for items that are compatible, rather than incompatible, with their pre-existing semantic knowledge. Despite its robustness, the mechanism underlying this effect is not well understood. In four studies, we provide evidence that demonstrates the privileged explanatory power of the elaboration-integration account over alternative hypotheses. Furthermore, we question the implicit assumption that the congruency effect pertains to the truthfulness/sensibility of a subject-predicate proposition, and show that congruency is a function of semantic relatedness between item and context words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Bein
- Department of Cognitive Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Neta Livneh
- Department of Cognitive Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Niv Reggev
- Department of Cognitive Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Gilead
- Department of Psychology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Anat Maril
- Department of Cognitive Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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25
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Prior knowledge influences on hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex interactions in subsequent memory. Neuropsychologia 2014; 64:320-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Howe ML. Memory development: implications for adults recalling childhood experiences in the courtroom. Nat Rev Neurosci 2013; 14:869-76. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Brod G, Werkle-Bergner M, Shing YL. The influence of prior knowledge on memory: a developmental cognitive neuroscience perspective. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:139. [PMID: 24115923 PMCID: PMC3792618 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Across ontogenetic development, individuals gather manifold experiences during which they detect regularities in their environment and thereby accumulate knowledge. This knowledge is used to guide behavior, make predictions, and acquire further new knowledge. In this review, we discuss the influence of prior knowledge on memory from both the psychology and the emerging cognitive neuroscience literature and provide a developmental perspective on this topic. Recent neuroscience findings point to a prominent role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and of the hippocampus (HC) in the emergence of prior knowledge and in its application during the processes of successful memory encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. We take the lateral PFC into consideration as well and discuss changes in both medial and lateral PFC and HC across development and postulate how these may be related to the development of the use of prior knowledge for remembering. For future direction, we argue that, to measure age differential effects of prior knowledge on memory, it is necessary to distinguish the availability of prior knowledge from its accessibility and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garvin Brod
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Werkle-Bergner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yee Lee Shing
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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28
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Ofen N, Shing YL. From perception to memory: changes in memory systems across the lifespan. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:2258-67. [PMID: 23623983 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human memory is not a unitary entity; rather it is thought to arise out of a complex architecture involving interactions between distinct representational systems that specialize in perceptual, semantic, and episodic representations. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence are combined in support of models of memory systems, however most models only capture a 'mature' state of human memory and there is little attempt to incorporate evidence of the contribution of developmental and senescence changes in various processes involved in memory across the lifespan. Here we review behavioral and neuroimaging evidence for changes in memory functioning across the lifespan and propose specific principles that may be used to extend models of human memory across the lifespan. In contrast to a simplistic reduced version of the adult model, we suggest that the architecture and dynamics of memory systems become gradually differentiated during development and that a dynamic shift toward favoring semantic memory occurs during aging. Characterizing transformations in memory systems across the lifespan can illustrate and inform us about the plasticity of human memory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Ofen
- Institute of Gerontology, and the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States.
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29
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Ofen N. The development of neural correlates for memory formation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:1708-17. [PMID: 22414608 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of literature considers the development of episodic memory systems in the brain; the majority are neuroimaging studies conducted during memory encoding in order to explore developmental trajectories in memory formation. This review considers evidence from behavioral studies of memory development, neural correlates of memory formation in adults, and structural brain development, all of which form the foundation of a developmental cognitive neuroscience approach to memory development. I then aim to integrate the current evidence from developmental functional neuroimaging studies of memory formation with respect to three hypotheses. First, memory development reflects the development in the use of memory strategies, linked to prefrontal cortex. Second, developmental effects within the medial temporal lobes are more complex, and correspond to current notions about the nature in which the MTL support the formation of memory. Third, neurocognitive changes in content representation influence memory. Open issues and current directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Ofen
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States. ,
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