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Pal A, Goel F, Garg VK. From Genetics to Function: the Role of ABCA12 in Autism Neurobiology. J Mol Neurosci 2025; 75:67. [PMID: 40366508 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-025-02357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
ASD is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with genetic, environmental, and molecular roots. Among the thousands of genes that have been associated with ASD, one critical factor has emerged as ABCA12, which plays an important role in lipid transport and metabolism. Traditionally, it has been related to skin disorders but has only recently been implicated in broader brain development and function. Some of the implicated effects include dysregulated lipid homeostasis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and abnormalities in synaptic when the ABCA12 system is dysregulated. All the above processes are related to pathology in ASD. In this review, the emerging function of ABCA12 in autism neurobiology has been discussed; the core base is derived from in vivo models and preclinical studies. In vivo models such as mice and zebrafish that, in the previous studies had earlier shown impairments of ABCA12 which results in social deficiency behaviors but also perform repetitive actions. Based on the effects of the gene on molecular pathways, including neuronal signalling and membrane integrity, and identifying therapeutic approaches targeting ABCA12 or its downstream effects, preclinical studies have contributed to the integration of genetic, functional, and therapeutic perspectives for understanding the contribution of ABCA12 to ASD. These findings may unlock further investigations geared toward unravelling how lipid metabolism intricately influences neurodevelopment with regards to interventions available for use in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering & Technology (MIET), Meerut, India
| | - Falguni Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering & Technology (MIET), Meerut, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering & Technology (MIET), Meerut, India.
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2
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Russo JS, Shiels TA, Lin CHS, John SE, Grayden DB. Feasibility of source-level motor imagery classification for people with multiple sclerosis. J Neural Eng 2025; 22:026020. [PMID: 40064095 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/adbec1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
Objective.There is limited work investigating brain-computer interface (BCI) technology in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Present work is limited to recordings at the scalp, which may be significantly altered by changes within the cortex due to volume conduction. The recordings obtained from the sensors, therefore, combine disease-related alterations and task-relevant neural signals, as well as signals from other regions of the brain that are not relevant. The current study aims to unmix signals affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) progression and BCI task-relevant signals using estimated source activity to improve classification accuracy.Approach.Data was collected from eight participants with a range of MS severity and ten neurotypical participants. This dataset was used to report the classification accuracy of imagined movements of the hands and feet at the sensor-level and the source-level in the current study.K-means clustering of equivalent current dipoles was conducted to unmix temporally independent signals. The location of these dipoles was compared between MS and control groups and used for classification of imagined movement. Linear discriminant analysis classification was performed at each time-frequency point to highlight differences in frequency band delay.Main Results.Source-level signal acquisition significantly improved decoding accuracy of imagined movement vs rest and movement vs movement classification in pwMS and controls. There was no significant difference found in alpha (7-13 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) band classification delay between the neurotypical control and MS group, including imagery of limbs with weakness or paralysis.Significance.This study is the first to demonstrate the advantages of source-level analysis for BCI applications in pwMS. The results highlight the potential for enhanced clinical outcomes and emphasize the need for longitudinal studies to assess the impact of MS progression on BCI performance, which is crucial for effective clinical translation of BCI technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Russo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas A Shiels
- Department of Medicine, Northern Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chin-Hsuan Sophie Lin
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sam E John
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David B Grayden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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3
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Luders E, Spencer D, Dale C, Hughes IA, Thankamony A, Srirangalingam U, Gleeson H, Simpson H, Hines M, Kurth F. The corpus callosum in people with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Sci Rep 2025; 15:4206. [PMID: 39905209 PMCID: PMC11794586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-88870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2025] [Indexed: 02/06/2025] Open
Abstract
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of genetic disorders that affect the adrenal glands. CAH manifests in abnormal levels of cortisol and androgens and is accompanied by white matter alterations. However, no CAH study has specifically targeted the corpus callosum, the brain's largest white matter fiber tract. To bridge that gap in the literature, we investigated callosal morphology in 53 individuals with CAH and 53 matched controls (66 women, 40 men). In addition to calculating areas for seven callosal subsections, we estimated the callosal thickness at 100 equidistant points. All statistical analyses were conducted while co-varying for age and total brain volume and applying corrections for multiple comparisons. There were no significant effects of biological sex and no significant group-by-sex interactions. However, there was a significant effect of group, both for area measures and thickness estimates, indicating smaller dimensions within the callosal splenium and isthmus in people with CAH. Our findings corroborate previous studies highlighting white matter alterations in CAH and may suggest that callosal integrity is compromised due to potentially adverse effects of glucocorticoids, a standard treatment for both men and women with CAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Luders
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Debra Spencer
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caitlin Dale
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ieuan A Hughes
- Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ajay Thankamony
- Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Weston Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Umasuthan Srirangalingam
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University College Hospital London, London, NW1 2BU, UK
| | | | - Helen Simpson
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University College Hospital London, London, NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Melissa Hines
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian Kurth
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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4
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Bardel B, Ayache SS, Lefaucheur JP. The contribution of EEG to assess and treat motor disorders in multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 162:174-200. [PMID: 38643612 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroencephalography (EEG) can highlight significant changes in spontaneous electrical activity of the brain produced by altered brain network connectivity linked to inflammatory demyelinating lesions and neuronal loss occurring in multiple sclerosis (MS). In this review, we describe the main EEG findings reported in the literature to characterize motor network alteration in term of local activity or functional connectivity changes in patients with MS (pwMS). METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to include articles with quantitative analyses of resting-state EEG recordings (spectrograms or advanced methods for assessing spatial and temporal dynamics, such as coherence, theory of graphs, recurrent quantification, microstates) or dynamic EEG recordings during a motor task, with or without connectivity analyses. RESULTS In this systematic review, we identified 26 original articles using EEG in the evaluation of MS-related motor disorders. Various resting or dynamic EEG parameters could serve as diagnostic biomarkers of motor control impairment to differentiate pwMS from healthy subjects or be related to a specific clinical condition (fatigue) or neuroradiological aspects (lesion load). CONCLUSIONS We highlight some key EEG patterns in pwMS at rest and during movement, both suggesting an alteration or disruption of brain connectivity, more specifically involving sensorimotor networks. SIGNIFICANCE Some of these EEG biomarkers of motor disturbance could be used to design future therapeutic strategies in MS based on neuromodulation approaches, or to predict the effects of motor training and rehabilitation in pwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bardel
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique (ENT), EA 4391, F-94010 Creteil, France; AP-HP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, DMU FIxIT, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Samar S Ayache
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique (ENT), EA 4391, F-94010 Creteil, France; AP-HP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, DMU FIxIT, F-94010 Creteil, France; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 4504 Byblos, Lebanon; Institut de la Colonne Vertébrale et des NeuroSciences (ICVNS), Centre Médico-Chirurgical Bizet, F-75116 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique (ENT), EA 4391, F-94010 Creteil, France; AP-HP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, DMU FIxIT, F-94010 Creteil, France.
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5
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Bertoli M, Tataranni A, Porziani S, Pasqualetti P, Gianni E, Grifoni J, L’Abbate T, Armonaite K, Conti L, Cancelli A, Cottone C, Marinozzi F, Bini F, Cecconi F, Tecchio F. Effects on Corticospinal Tract Homology of Faremus Personalized Neuromodulation Relieving Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040574. [PMID: 37190539 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) is a frequent and invalidating symptom, which can be relieved by non-invasive neuromodulation, which presents only negligible side effects. A 5-day transcranial direct-current stimulation, 15 min per day, anodically targeting the somatosensory representation of the whole body against a larger occipital cathode was efficacious against MS fatigue (fatigue relief in multiple sclerosis, Faremus treatment). The present proof-of-concept study tested the working hypothesis that Faremus S1 neuromodulation modifies the homology of the dominant and non-dominant corticospinal (CST) circuit recruitment. Methods: CST homology was assessed via the Fréchet distance between the morphologies of motor potentials (MEPs) evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the homologous left- and right-hand muscles of 10 fatigued MS patients before and after Faremus. Results: In the absence of any change in MEP features either as differences between the two body sides or as an effect of the treatment, Faremus changed in physiological direction the CST’s homology. Faremus effects on homology were more evident than recruitment changes within the dominant and non-dominant sides. Conclusions: The Faremus-related CST changes extend the relevance of the balance between hemispheric homologs to the homology between body sides. With this work, we contribute to the development of new network-sensitive measures that can provide new insights into the mechanisms of neuronal functional patterning underlying relevant symptoms.
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6
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Russo AW, Stockel KE, Tobyne SM, Ngamsombat C, Brewer K, Nummenmaa A, Huang SY, Klawite EC. Associations between corpus callosum damage, clinical disability, and surface-based homologous inter-hemispheric connectivity in multiple sclerosis. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2909-2922. [PMID: 35536387 PMCID: PMC9850837 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Axonal damage in the corpus callosum is prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS). Although callosal damage is associated with disrupted functional connectivity between hemispheres, it is unclear how this relates to cognitive and physical disability. We investigated this phenomenon using advanced measures of microstructural integrity in the corpus callosum and surface-based homologous inter-hemispheric connectivity (sHIC) in the cortex. We found that sHIC was significantly decreased in primary motor, somatosensory, visual, and temporal cortical areas in a group of 36 participants with MS (29 relapsing-remitting, 4 secondary progressive MS, and 3 primary-progressive MS) compared with 42 healthy controls (cluster level, p < 0.05). In participants with MS, global sHIC correlated with fractional anisotropy and restricted volume fraction in the posterior segment of the corpus callosum (r = 0.426, p = 0.013; r = 0.399, p = 0.020, respectively). Lower sHIC, particularly in somatomotor and posterior cortical areas, was associated with cognitive impairment and higher disability scores on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). We demonstrated that higher levels of sHIC attenuated the effects of posterior callosal damage on physical disability and cognitive dysfunction, as measured by the EDSS and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (interaction effect, p < 0.05). We also observed a positive association between global sHIC and years of education (r = 0.402, p = 0.018), supporting the phenomenon of "brain reserve" in MS. Our data suggest that preserved sHIC helps prevent cognitive and physical decline in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Russo
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
| | | | - Sean M. Tobyne
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
| | - Chanon Ngamsombat
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, No. 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, US
| | - Kristina Brewer
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
| | - Aapo Nummenmaa
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, No. 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, US
| | - Susie Y. Huang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, No. 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, US
| | - Eric C. Klawite
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
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7
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Tsuzuki D, Taga G, Watanabe H, Homae F. Individual variability in the nonlinear development of the corpus callosum during infancy and toddlerhood: a longitudinal MRI analysis. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1995-2013. [PMID: 35396953 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human brain spends several years bootstrapping itself through intrinsic and extrinsic modulation, thus gradually developing both spatial organization and functions. Based on previous studies on developmental patterns and inter-individual variability of the corpus callosum (CC), we hypothesized that inherent variations of CC shape among infants emerge, depending on the position within the CC, along the developmental timeline. Here we used longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data from infancy to toddlerhood and investigated the area, thickness, and shape of the midsagittal plane of the CC by applying multilevel modeling. The shape characteristics were extracted using the Procrustes method. We found nonlinearity, region-dependency, and inter-individual variability, as well as intra-individual consistencies, in CC development. Overall, the growth rate is faster in the first year than in the second year, and the trajectory differs between infants; the direction of CC formation in individual infants was determined within six months and maintained to two years. The anterior and posterior subregions increase in area and thickness faster than other subregions. Moreover, we clarified that the growth rate of the middle part of the CC is faster in the second year than in the first year in some individuals. Since the division of regions exhibiting different tendencies coincides with previously reported divisions based on the diameter of axons that make up the region, our results suggest that subregion-dependent individual variability occurs due to the increase in the diameter of the axon caliber, myelination partly due to experience and axon elimination during the early developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tsuzuki
- Department of Language Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan. .,Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Gentaro Taga
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hama Watanabe
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Homae
- Department of Language Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.,Research Center for Language, Brain and Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
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8
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Miraglia F, Tomino C, Vecchio F, Gorgoni M, De Gennaro L, Rossini PM. The brain network organization during sleep onset after deprivation. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:36-44. [PMID: 33254098 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim of the present study is to investigate the alterations of brain networks derived from EEG analysis in pre- and post-sleep onset conditions after 40 h of sleep deprivation (SD) compared to sleep onset after normal sleep in 39 healthy subjects. METHODS Functional connectivity analysis was made on electroencelographic (EEG) cortical sources of current density and small world (SW) index was evaluated in the EEG frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, sigma and beta). RESULTS Comparing pre- vs. post-sleep onset conditions after a night of SD a significant decrease of SW in delta and theta bands in post-sleep onset condition was found together with an increase of SW in sigma band. Comparing pre-sleep onset after sleep SD versus pre-sleep onset after a night of normal sleep a decreased of SW index in beta band in pre-sleep onset in SD compared to pre-sleep onset in normal sleep was evidenced. CONCLUSIONS Brain functional network architecture is influenced by the SD in different ways. Brain networks topology during wake resting state needs to be further explored to reveal SD-related changes in order to prevent possible negative effects of SD on behaviour and brain function during wakefulness. SIGNIFICANCE The SW modulations as revealed by the current study could be used as an index of an altered balance between brain integration and segregation processes after SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Miraglia
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Dept. Neuroscience & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Tomino
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vecchio
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Dept. Neuroscience & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Dept. Neuroscience & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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9
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Zheng X, Luo J, Deng L, Li B, Li L, Huang DF, Song R. Detection of functional connectivity in the brain during visuo-guided grip force tracking tasks: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:1108-1119. [PMID: 33368535 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The functional connectivity (FC) between multiple brain regions during tasks is currently gradually being explored with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). However, the FC present during grip force tracking tasks performed under visual feedback remains unclear. In the present study, we used fNIRS to measure brain activity during resting states and grip force tracking tasks at 25%, 50%, and 75% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in 11 healthy subjects, and the activity was measured from four target brain regions: the left prefrontal cortex (lPFC), right prefrontal cortex (rPFC), left sensorimotor cortex (lSMC), and right sensorimotor cortex (rSMC). We determined the FC between these regions utilizing three different methods: Pearson's correlation method, partial correlation method, and a pairwise maximum entropy model (MEM). The results showed that the FC of lSMC-rSMC and lPFC-rPFC (interhemispheric homologous pairs) were significantly stronger than those of other brain region pairs. Moreover, FC of lPFC-rPFC was strengthened during the 75% MVC task compared to the other task states and the resting states. The FC of lSMC-lPFC and rSMC-rPFC (intrahemispheric region pairs) strengthened with a higher task load. The results provided new insights into the FC between brain regions during visuo-guided grip force tracking tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Advanced and Portable Medical Devices, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Advanced and Portable Medical Devices, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Advanced and Portable Medical Devices, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Advanced and Portable Medical Devices, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Feng Huang
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Xinhua College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Song
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Advanced and Portable Medical Devices, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Lin SJ, Kolind S, Liu A, McMullen K, Vavasour I, Wang ZJ, Traboulsee A, McKeown MJ. Both Stationary and Dynamic Functional Interhemispheric Connectivity Are Strongly Associated With Performance on Cognitive Tests in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:407. [PMID: 32581993 PMCID: PMC7287147 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although functional connectivity has been extensively studied in MS, robust estimates of both stationary (static connectivity at the time) and dynamic (connectivity variation across time) functional connectivity has not been commonly evaluated and neither has its association to cognition. In this study, we focused on interhemispheric connections as previous research has shown links between anatomical homologous connections and cognition. We examined functional interhemispheric connectivity (IC) in MS during resting-state functional MRI using both stationary and dynamic strategies and related connectivity measures to processing speed performance. Twenty-five patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 41 controls were recruited. Stationary functional IC was assessed between homologous Regions of Interest (ROIs) using correlation. For dynamic IC, a sliding window approach was used to quantify changes between homologous ROIs across time. We related IC measures to cognitive performance with correlation and regression. Compared to control subjects, MS demonstrated increased IC across homologous regions, which accurately predicted performance on the symbol digit modalities test (SDMT) (R 2 = 0.96) and paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT) (R 2 = 0.59). Dynamic measures were not different between the 2 groups, but dynamic IC was related to PASAT scores. The associations between stationary/dynamic connectivity and cognitive tests demonstrated that different aspects of functional IC were associated with cognitive processes. Processing speed measured in SDMT was associated with static interhemispheric connections and better PASAT performance, which requires working memory, sustain attention, and processing speed, was more related to rigid IC, underlining the neurophysiological mechanism of cognition in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue-Jin Lin
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shannon Kolind
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aiping Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katrina McMullen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Irene Vavasour
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Z Jane Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony Traboulsee
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin J McKeown
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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11
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Abstract
The corpus callosum is an important neural structure for controlling and coordinating bilateral movements of the upper limbs; however, there remains a substantial lack of knowledge regarding its association with lower limb control. We argue that transcallosal structure is an integral neural mechanism underlying control of the lower limbs and callosal degradation is a key contributor to mobility declines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brett W Fling
- Department of Health and Exercise Science.,Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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12
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Bertoli M, Tecchio F. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: Does the functional or structural damage prevail? Mult Scler 2020; 26:1809-1815. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458520912175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly invalidating symptom, lacking efficacious drugs. This topical review aims at assessing the signs in the literature of functional versus structural damage prevalence at the origin of MS fatigue by focusing on papers that assessed the two counterparts in the same patients, paying attention that the fatigue levels do not correlate with clinical severity. We summarize and discuss evidence of increased levels of fatigue occurring together with the alterations of functional connectivity at multiple levels, in the absence of any relationship with lesion load and local atrophy of the involved structures. Specifically, neuronal communication mainly altered in the corticomuscular synchronizations, between hemispheric homologs and in the resting-state networks involved in emotion (cingulate cortex) and effort-reward balance (striatum and inferior parietal lobule). Finally, given the functional prevalence in neuronal network alterations at the origin of fatigue in MS, we highlight the relevance of developing treatments aiming at compensating the neuronal electric communication dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bertoli
- LET’S – ISTC – CNR, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Franca Tecchio
- LET’S – ISTC – CNR, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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13
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Lewine JD, Plis S, Ulloa A, Williams C, Spitz M, Foley J, Paulson K, Davis J, Bangera N, Snyder T, Weaver L. Quantitative EEG Biomarkers for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 36:298-305. [DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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14
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Zhong J, Chen DQ, Nantes JC, Holmes SA, Hodaie M, Koski L. Combined structural and functional patterns discriminating upper limb motor disability in multiple sclerosis using multivariate approaches. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:754-768. [PMID: 27146291 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A structural or functional pattern of neuroplasticity that could systematically discriminate between people with impaired and preserved motor performance could help us to understand the brain networks contributing to preservation or compensation of behavior in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to (1) investigate whether a machine learning-based technique could accurately classify MS participants into groups defined by upper extremity function (i.e. motor function preserved (MP) vs. motor function impaired (MI)) based on their regional grey matter measures (GMM, cortical thickness and deep grey matter volume) and inter-regional functional connection (FC), (2) investigate which features (GMM, FC, or GMM + FC) could classify groups more accurately, and (3) identify the multivariate patterns of GMM and FCs that are most discriminative between MP and MI participants, and between each of these groups and the healthy controls (HCs). With 26 MP, 25 MI, and 21 HCs (age and sex matched) underwent T1-weighted and resting-state functional MRI at 3 T, we applied support vector machine (SVM) based classification to learn discriminant functions indicating regions in which GMM or between which FCs were most discriminative between groups. This study demonstrates that there exist structural and FC patterns sufficient for correct classification of upper limb motor ability of people with MS. The classifier with GMM + FC features yielded the highest accuracy of 85.61 % (p < 0.001) to distinguish between the MS groups using leave-one-out cross-validation. It suggests that a machine-learning approach combining structural and functional features is useful for identifying the specific neural substrates that are necessary and sufficient to preserve motor function among people with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidan Zhong
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.
| | - David Qixiang Chen
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems, Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia C Nantes
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Scott A Holmes
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mojgan Hodaie
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems, Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital & University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Koski
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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15
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Peterson DS, Fling BW. How changes in brain activity and connectivity are associated with motor performance in people with MS. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 17:153-162. [PMID: 29071209 PMCID: PMC5651557 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
People with multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibit pronounced changes in brain structure, activity, and connectivity. While considerable work has begun to elucidate how these neural changes contribute to behavior, the heterogeneity of symptoms and diagnoses makes interpretation of findings and application to clinical practice challenging. In particular, whether MS related changes in brain activity or brain connectivity protect against or contribute to worsening motor symptoms is unclear. With the recent emergence of neuromodulatory techniques that can alter neural activity in specific brain regions, it is critical to establish whether localized brain activation patterns are contributing to (i.e. maladaptive) or protecting against (i.e. adaptive) progression of motor symptoms. In this manuscript, we consolidate recent findings regarding changes in supraspinal structure and activity in people with MS and how these changes may contribute to motor performance. Furthermore, we discuss a hypothesis suggesting that increased neural activity during movement may be either adaptive or maladaptive depending on where in the brain this increase is observed. Specifically, we outline preliminary evidence suggesting sensorimotor cortex activity in the ipsilateral cortices may be maladaptive in people with MS. We also discuss future work that could supply data to support or refute this hypothesis, thus improving our understanding of this important topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Peterson
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Veterans Affairs Phoenix Medical Center Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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16
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Kajal DS, Braun C, Mellinger J, Sacchet MD, Ruiz S, Fetz E, Birbaumer N, Sitaram R. Learned control of inter-hemispheric connectivity: Effects on bimanual motor performance. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:4353-4369. [PMID: 28580720 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bimanual movements involve the interactions between both primary motor cortices. These interactions are assumed to involve phase-locked oscillatory brain activity referred to as inter-hemispheric functional coupling. So far, inter-hemispheric functional coupling has been investigated as a function of motor performance. These studies report mostly a negative correlation between the performance in motor tasks and the strength of functional coupling. However, correlation might not reflect a causal relationship. To overcome this limitation, we opted for an alternative approach by manipulating the strength of inter-hemispheric functional coupling and assessing bimanual motor performance as a dependent variable. We hypothesize that an increase/decrease of functional coupling deteriorates/facilitates motor performance in an out-of-phase bimanual finger-tapping task. Healthy individuals were trained to volitionally regulate functional coupling in an operant conditioning paradigm using real-time magnetoencephalography neurofeedback. During operant conditioning, two discriminative stimuli were associated with upregulation and downregulation of functional coupling. Effects of training were assessed by comparing motor performance prior to (pre-test) and after the training (post-test). Participants receiving contingent feedback learned to upregulate and downregulate functional coupling. Comparing motor performance, as indexed by the ratio of tapping speed for upregulation versus downregulation trials, no change was found in the control group between pre- and post-test. In contrast, the group receiving contingent feedback evidenced a significant decrease of the ratio implicating lower tapping speed with stronger functional coupling. Results point toward a causal role of inter-hemispheric functional coupling for the performance in bimanual tasks. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4353-4369, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diljit Singh Kajal
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,MEG-Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,GTC, Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany.,CIN, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Christoph Braun
- MEG-Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,CIN, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,CIMeC, Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, 38068, Italy.,Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, 38068, Italy
| | - Jürgen Mellinger
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems (Department of Empirical Inference), Spemannstr. 41, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305-5717, USA
| | - Sergio Ruiz
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory for Brain-Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eberhard Fetz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-7290, USA
| | - Niels Birbaumer
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, Geneva, 1202, Switzerland.,Ospedale San Camillo IRCCS, Venezia, 30126, Italy
| | - Ranganatha Sitaram
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory for Brain-Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Biology and Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Buyukturkoglu K, Porcaro C, Cottone C, Cancelli A, Inglese M, Tecchio F. Simple index of functional connectivity at rest in Multiple Sclerosis fatigue. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:807-813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Vågberg M, Granåsen G, Svenningsson A. Brain Parenchymal Fraction in Healthy Adults-A Systematic Review of the Literature. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170018. [PMID: 28095463 PMCID: PMC5240949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain atrophy is an important feature of many neurodegenerative disorders. It can be described in terms of change in the brain parenchymal fraction (BPF). In order to interpret the BPF in disease, knowledge on the BPF in healthy individuals is required. The aim of this study was to establish a normal range of values for the BPF of healthy individuals via a systematic review of the literature. The databases PubMed and Scopus were searched and 95 articles, including a total of 9269 individuals, were identified including the required data. We present values of BPF from healthy individuals stratified by age and post-processing method. The mean BPF correlated with mean age and there were significant differences in age-adjusted mean BPF between methods. This study contributes to increased knowledge about BPF in healthy individuals, which may assist in the interpretation of BPF in the setting of disease. We highlight the differences between post-processing methods and the need for a consensus gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Vågberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Granåsen
- Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Svenningsson
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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20
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Shu N, Duan Y, Xia M, Schoonheim MM, Huang J, Ren Z, Sun Z, Ye J, Dong H, Shi FD, Barkhof F, Li K, Liu Y. Disrupted topological organization of structural and functional brain connectomes in clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29383. [PMID: 27403924 PMCID: PMC4941534 DOI: 10.1038/srep29383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain connectome of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been investigated by several previous studies; however, it is still unknown how the network changes in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), the earliest stage of MS, and how network alterations on a functional level relate to the structural level in MS disease. Here, we investigated the topological alterations of both the structural and functional connectomes in 41 CIS and 32 MS patients, compared to 35 healthy controls, by combining diffusion tensor imaging and resting-state functional MRI with graph analysis approaches. We found that the structural connectome showed a deviation from the optimal pattern as early as the CIS stage, while the functional connectome only showed local changes in MS patients, not in CIS. When comparing two patient groups, the changes appear more severe in MS. Importantly, the disruptions of structural and functional connectomes in patients occurred in the same direction and locally correlated in sensorimotor component. Finally, the extent of structural network changes was correlated with several clinical variables in MS patients. Together, the results suggested early disruption of the structural brain connectome in CIS patients and provided a new perspective for investigating the relationship of the structural and functional alterations in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yunyun Duan
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Mingrui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Menno M Schoonheim
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoqiong Ren
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Huiqing Dong
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Kuncheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Yaou Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P. R. China.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P. R. China
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21
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Tobyne SM, Boratyn D, Johnson JA, Greve DN, Mainero C, Klawiter EC. A surface-based technique for mapping homotopic interhemispheric connectivity: Development, characterization, and clinical application. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:2849-68. [PMID: 27219660 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional organization of the human brain consists of a high degree of connectivity between interhemispheric homologous regions. The degree of homotopic organization is known to vary across the cortex and homotopic connectivity is high in regions that share cross-hemisphere structural connections or are activated by common input streams (e.g., the visual system). Damage to one or both regions, as well as damage to the connections between homotopic regions, could disrupt this functional organization. Here were introduce and test a computationally efficient technique, surface-based homotopic interhermispheric connectivity (sHIC), that leverages surface-based registration and processing techniques in an attempt to improve the spatial specificity and accuracy of cortical interhemispheric connectivity estimated with resting state functional connectivity. This technique is shown to be reliable both within and across subjects. sHIC is also characterized in a dataset of nearly 1000 subjects. We confirm previous results showing increased interhemispheric connectivity in primary sensory regions, and reveal a novel rostro-caudal functionally defined network level pattern of sHIC across the brain. In addition, we demonstrate a structural-functional relationship between sHIC and atrophy of the corpus callosum in multiple sclerosis (r = 0.2979, p = 0.0461). sHIC presents as a sensitive and reliable measure of cortical homotopy that may prove useful as a biomarker in neurologic disease. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2849-2868, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Tobyne
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daria Boratyn
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Douglas N Greve
- Athinoula a. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caterina Mainero
- Athinoula a. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric C Klawiter
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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22
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Callosal anatomical and effective connectivity between primary motor cortices predicts visually cued bimanual temporal coordination performance. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:3427-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Unraveling the secrets of white matter--bridging the gap between cellular, animal and human imaging studies. Neuroscience 2014; 276:2-13. [PMID: 25003711 PMCID: PMC4155933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The CNS white matter makes up about half of the human brain, and with advances in human imaging it is increasingly becoming clear that changes in the white matter play a major role in shaping human behavior and learning. However, the mechanisms underlying these white matter changes remain poorly understood. Within this special issue of Neuroscience on white matter, recent advances in our knowledge of the function of white matter, from the molecular level to human imaging, are reviewed. Collaboration between fields is essential to understand the function of the white matter, but due to differences in methods and field-specific 'language', communication is often hindered. In this review, we try to address this hindrance by introducing the methods and providing a basic background to myelin biology and human imaging as a prelude to the other reviews within this special issue.
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