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Reyes-Resina I, Lillo J, Raïch I, Rebassa JB, Navarro G. The Expression and Functionality of CB 1R-NMDAR Complexes Are Decreased in A Parkinson's Disease Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3021. [PMID: 38474266 PMCID: PMC10931566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the alteration in the expression and function of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R). The presence of CB1R-NMDAR complexes has been described in neuronal primary cultures. The activation of CB1R in CB1R-NMDAR complexes was suggested to counteract the detrimental NMDAR overactivation in an AD mice model. Thus, we aimed to explore the role of this receptor complex in PD. By using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) assay, it was demonstrated that α-synuclein induces a reorganization of the CB1R-NMDAR complex in transfected HEK-293T cells. Moreover, α-synuclein treatment induced a decrease in the cAMP and MAP kinase (MAPK) signaling of both CB1R and NMDAR not only in transfected cells but also in neuronal primary cultures. Finally, the interaction between CB1R and NMDAR was studied by Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) in neuronal primary cultures, where it was observed that the expression of CB1R-NMDAR complexes was decreased upon α-synuclein treatment. These results point to a role of CB1R-NMDAR complexes as a new therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Reyes-Resina
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.R.); (J.B.R.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Lillo
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iu Raïch
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.R.); (J.B.R.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Biel Rebassa
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.R.); (J.B.R.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.R.); (J.B.R.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Kochoian BA, Bure C, Papa SM. Targeting Striatal Glutamate and Phosphodiesterases to Control L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia. Cells 2023; 12:2754. [PMID: 38067182 PMCID: PMC10706484 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of work during the past several decades has been focused on therapeutic strategies to control L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs), common motor complications of long-term L-DOPA therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD). Yet, LIDs remain a clinical challenge for the management of patients with advanced disease. Glutamatergic dysregulation of striatal projection neurons (SPNs) appears to be a key contributor to altered motor responses to L-DOPA. Targeting striatal hyperactivity at the glutamatergic neurotransmission level led to significant preclinical and clinical trials of a variety of antiglutamatergic agents. In fact, the only FDA-approved treatment for LIDs is amantadine, a drug with NMDAR antagonistic actions. Still, novel agents with improved pharmacological profiles are needed for LID therapy. Recently other therapeutic targets to reduce dysregulated SPN activity at the signal transduction level have emerged. In particular, mechanisms regulating the levels of cyclic nucleotides play a major role in the transduction of dopamine signals in SPNs. The phosphodiesterases (PDEs), a large family of enzymes that degrade cyclic nucleotides in a specific manner, are of special interest. We will review the research for antiglutamatergic and PDE inhibition strategies in view of the future development of novel LID therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brik A. Kochoian
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (B.A.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Cassandra Bure
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (B.A.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Stella M. Papa
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (B.A.K.); (C.B.)
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Arkhipov VI, Chernomorets IY, Zhuikova NS, Fedorov DA, Pershina EV. The Role of NMDA Receptor Subunits in the Effect of Memantine on the Brain of Healthy Animals. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:446-449. [PMID: 37768458 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The non-competitive NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist memantine has neuroprotective properties and is the first non-cholinergic drug approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The purpose of this work was to test the hypothesis that injections of memantine to healthy animals can affect the subunit composition of NMDA receptors in the brain, which may explain the effects of its chronic administration. For this, the expression of subunits GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B, and GluN2C was studied in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats after single or five subchronic injections of memantine. The results showed that the GluN2C subunit (GRIN2C) plays an important role in the effects of memantine; against the background of memantine treatment, the expression of this subunit markedly decreased in the prefrontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus, which significantly affected the excitation/inhibition balance in cortical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Arkhipov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia.
| | - I Yu Chernomorets
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
| | - N S Zhuikova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
| | - D A Fedorov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
| | - E V Pershina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
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di Biase L, Pecoraro PM, Carbone SP, Caminiti ML, Di Lazzaro V. Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesias in Parkinson's Disease: An Overview on Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Therapy Management Strategies and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4427. [PMID: 37445461 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its first introduction, levodopa has become the cornerstone for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and remains the leading therapeutic choice for motor control therapy so far. Unfortunately, the subsequent appearance of abnormal involuntary movements, known as dyskinesias, is a frequent drawback. Despite the deep knowledge of this complication, in terms of clinical phenomenology and the temporal relationship during a levodopa regimen, less is clear about the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning it. As the disease progresses, specific oscillatory activities of both motor cortical and basal ganglia neurons and variation in levodopa metabolism, in terms of the dopamine receptor stimulation pattern and turnover rate, underlie dyskinesia onset. This review aims to provide a global overview on levodopa-induced dyskinesias, focusing on pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, therapy management strategies and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazzaro di Biase
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Brain Innovations Lab, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Maria Pecoraro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psichiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Paola Carbone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psichiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Caminiti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psichiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psichiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
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Pershina EV, Chernomorets IY, Fedorov DA, Arkhipov VI. Pharmacological Modulation of Excitotoxicity through the Combined Use of NMDA Receptor Inhibition and Group III mGlu Activation Reduces TMT-Induced Neurodegeneration in the Rat Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098249. [PMID: 37175959 PMCID: PMC10179112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the neuroprotective properties of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist memantine, in combination with a positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptors of Group III, VU 0422288. The treatment was started 48 h after the injection of neurotoxic agent trimethyltin (TMT) at 7.5 mg/kg. Three weeks after TMT injection, functional and morphological changes in a rat hippocampus were evaluated, including the expression level of genes characterizing glutamate transmission and neuroinflammation, animal behavior, and hippocampal cell morphology. Significant neuronal cell death occurred in the CA3 and CA4 regions, and to a lesser extent, in the CA1 and CA2 regions. The death of neurons in the CA1 field was significantly reduced in animals with a combined use of memantine and VU 0422288. In the hippocampus of these animals, the level of expression of genes characterizing glutamatergic synaptic transmission (Grin2b, Gria1, EAAT2) did not differ from the level in control animals, as well as the expression of genes characterizing neuroinflammation (IL1b, TGF beta 1, Aif1, and GFAP). However, the expression of genes characterizing neuroinflammation was markedly increased in the hippocampus of animals treated with memantine or VU 0422288 alone after TMT. The results of immunohistochemical studies confirmed a significant activation of microglia in the hippocampus three weeks after TMT injection. In contrast to the hilus, microglia in the CA1 region had an increase in rod-like cells. Moreover, in the CA1 field of the hippocampus of the animals of the MEM + VU group, the amount of such microglia was close to the control. Thus, the short-term modulation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission by memantine and subsequent activation of Group III mGluR significantly affected the dynamics of neurodegeneration in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Pershina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Chernomorets
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Fedorov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Arkhipov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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Murakami Y, Nishijima H, Nakamura T, Furukawa T, Kinoshita I, Kon T, Suzuki C, Tomiyama M. Altered Amantadine Effects after Repetitive Treatment for l-dopa-induced Involuntary Movements in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurosci Lett 2023; 806:137248. [PMID: 37061023 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) is the most effective drug for Parkinson's disease (PD); however, most PD patients develop motor fluctuations including wearing-off and l-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Amantadine is beneficial for improving the motor symptoms, reducing "off" time, and ameliorating LID, although its long-term efficacy remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of amantadine on PD and LID using a rat model with repetitive drug treatment. METHOD We utilized 6-hydroxydopamine injections to develop a hemiparkinsonian rat model. The rats were assigned to four groups: five rats received l-dopa and benserazide for 31 days, six rats received l-dopa and benserazide plus amantadine for 31 days, five rats received l-dopa and benserazide for 15 days followed by l-dopa and benserazide plus amantadine for 16 days, and five rats received l-dopa and benserazide plus amantadine for 15 days followed by l-dopa and benserazide treatment for 16 days. We evaluated the l-dopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements on treatment days 1, 7, 14, 16, 22, and 29. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry for drebrin was performed. RESULTS l-dopa-induced abnormal movements were reduced on the first day of amantadine treatment, and these effects disappeared with repetitive treatment. In contrast, the extension of l-dopa "on" time was observed after repetitive amantadine treatment. All groups showed enlarged drebrin immunoreactive dots in the dopamine-denervated striatum, indicating that amantadine did not prevent priming effects of repetitive l-dopa treatment. CONCLUSION Anti-LID effect of amantadine diminished after repetitive treatment, and the effect of amantadine on wearing-off emerged after repetitive treatment in a hemiparkinsonian rat model. Fluctuations in amantadine effects should be considered when using it in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Murakami
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Haruo Nishijima
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomonori Furukawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Iku Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kon
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Chieko Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tomiyama
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Cohen SR, Terry ML, Coyle M, Wheelis E, Centner A, Smith S, Glinski J, Lipari N, Budrow C, Manfredsson FP, Bishop C. The multimodal serotonin compound Vilazodone alone, but not combined with the glutamate antagonist Amantadine, reduces l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in hemiparkinsonian rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 217:173393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Lenda T, Ossowska K, Berghauzen-Maciejewska K, Matłoka M, Pieczykolan J, Wieczorek M, Konieczny J. Antiparkinsonian-like effects of CPL500036, a novel selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 10A, in the unilateral rat model of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174460. [PMID: 34469756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), the enzyme which catalyzes hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), is located almost exclusively in striatal γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA)ergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Since dopaminergic deficiency in Parkinson's disease (PD) leads to functional imbalance of striatal direct and indirect output pathways formed by MSNs, PDE10A seems to be of special interest as a potential therapeutic target in PD. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of 7-{5,8-dimethyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-2-yl}-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine (CPL500036), a novel selective inhibitor of PDE10A, on sensorimotor deficits and therapeutic effects of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) in hemiparkinsonian rats. Animals were unilaterally lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine, and their sensorimotor deficits were examined in the stepping, cylinder, vibrissae and catalepsy tests. CPL500036 (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) was administered either acutely or chronically (2 weeks), alone or in combination with L-DOPA/benserazide (6 mg/kg/6 mg/kg). Acute treatment with CPL500036 reversed the lesion-induced impairments of contralateral forelimb use in the stepping and cylinder tests but did not influence deficits in the vibrissae test and the lesion-induced catalepsy. Moreover, CPL500036 did not diminish the therapeutic effects produced by acute and chronic treatment with L-DOPA in these tests. The present study suggests a potential use of CPL500036 as a co-treatment to L-DOPA in PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Lenda
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smętna Street, Poland
| | - Krystyna Ossowska
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smętna Street, Poland
| | - Klemencja Berghauzen-Maciejewska
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smętna Street, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Matłoka
- R&D Centre, Celon Pharma SA, Marymoncka 15 Street, 05-152, Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Jerzy Pieczykolan
- R&D Centre, Celon Pharma SA, Marymoncka 15 Street, 05-152, Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Maciej Wieczorek
- R&D Centre, Celon Pharma SA, Marymoncka 15 Street, 05-152, Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Jolanta Konieczny
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smętna Street, Poland.
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Scheggi S, Rossi F, Corsi S, Fanni S, Tronci E, Ludovica C, Vargiu R, Gambarana C, Muñoz A, Stancampiano R, Björklund A, Carta M. BDNF Overexpression Increases Striatal D3 Receptor Level at Striatal Neurons and Exacerbates D1-Receptor Agonist-Induced Dyskinesia. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 10:1503-1514. [PMID: 32651332 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently showed that striatal overexpression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector exacerbated L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. An extensive sprouting of striatal serotonergic terminals accompanied this effect, accounting for the increased susceptibility to LID. OBJECTIVE We set to investigate whether the BDNF effect was restricted to LID, or extended to dyskinesia induced by direct D1 receptor agonists. METHODS Unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned rats received a striatal injection of an AAV vector to induce BDNF or GFP overexpression. Eight weeks later, animals received daily treatments with a low dose of SKF82958 (0.02 mg/kg s.c.) and development of dyskinesia was evaluated. At the end of the experiment, D1 and D3 receptors expression levels and D1 receptor-dependent signaling pathways were measured in the striatum. RESULTS BDNF overexpression induced significant worsening of dyskinesia induced by SKF82958 compared to the GFP group and increased the expression of D3 receptor at striatal level, even in absence of pharmacological treatment; by contrast, D1 receptor levels were not affected. In BDNF-overexpressing striata, SKF82958 administration resulted in increased levels of D1-D3 receptors co-immunoprecipitation and increased phosphorylation levels of Thr34 DARPP-32 and ERK1/2. CONCLUSION Here we provide evidence for a functional link between BDNF, D3 receptors and D1-D3 receptor close interaction in the augmented susceptibility to dyskinesia in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. We suggest that D1-D3 receptors interaction may be instrumental in driving the molecular alterations underlying the appearance of dyskinesia; its disruption may be a therapeutic strategy for treating dyskinesia in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Scheggi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sara Corsi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia Fanni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tronci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Congiu Ludovica
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Romina Vargiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carla Gambarana
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ana Muñoz
- Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Anders Björklund
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Division of Neurobiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manolo Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
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10
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Sciaccaluga M, Mazzocchetti P, Bastioli G, Ghiglieri V, Cardinale A, Mosci P, Caccia C, Keywood C, Melloni E, Padoani G, Vailati S, Picconi B, Calabresi P, Tozzi A. Effects of safinamide on the glutamatergic striatal network in experimental Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2020; 170:108024. [PMID: 32142791 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate electrophysiological effects of safinamide on the intrinsic and synaptic properties of striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) and to characterize the possible therapeutic antiparkinsonian effect of this drug in dopamine (DA) denervated rats before and during levodopa (l-DOPA) treatment. BACKGROUND Current therapeutic options in Parkinson's disease (PD) are primarily DA replacement strategies that usually cause progressive motor fluctuations and l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LIDs) as a consequence of SPNs glutamate-induced hyperactivity. As a reversible and use-dependent inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channels, safinamide reduces the release of glutamate and possibly optimize the effect of l-DOPA therapy in PD. METHODS Electrophysiological effects of safinamide (1-100 μM) were investigated by patch-clamp recordings in striatal slices of naïve, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned DA-denervated rats and DA-denervated animals chronically treated with l-DOPA. LIDs were assessed in vivo with and without chronic safinamide treatment and measured by scoring the l-DOPA-induced abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs). Motor deficit was evaluated with the stepping test. RESULTS Safinamide reduced the SPNs firing rate and glutamatergic synaptic transmission in all groups, showing a dose-dependent effect with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in the therapeutic range (3-5 μM). Chronic co-administration of safinamide plus l-DOPA in DA-denervated animals favored the recovery of corticostriatal long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) and depotentiation of excitatory synaptic transmission also reducing motor deficits before the onset of LIDs. CONCLUSIONS Safinamide, at a clinically relevant dose, optimizes the effect of l-DOPA therapy in experimental PD reducing SPNs excitability and modulating synaptic transmission. Co-administration of safinamide and l-DOPA ameliorates motor deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sciaccaluga
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, via Gambuli, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Petra Mazzocchetti
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, via Gambuli, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guendalina Bastioli
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, via Gambuli, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghiglieri
- Department of Philosophy, Human, Social and Educational Sciences, University of Perugia, Piazza G. Ermini, 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy; Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Cardinale
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, via Gambuli, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy; Laboratory of Experimental Neurophysiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Mosci
- Department of Veterinary, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Caccia
- Open R&D Department, Zambon SpA, Via Lillo del Duca, 10, 20091, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Charlotte Keywood
- Open R&D Department, Zambon SpA, Via Lillo del Duca, 10, 20091, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Elsa Melloni
- Open R&D Department, Zambon SpA, Via Lillo del Duca, 10, 20091, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Padoani
- Open R&D Department, Zambon SpA, Via Lillo del Duca, 10, 20091, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Vailati
- Open R&D Department, Zambon SpA, Via Lillo del Duca, 10, 20091, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurophysiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy; University San Raffaele, Via Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, via Gambuli, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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11
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Distinct anti-dyskinetic effects of amantadine and group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist LY354740 in a rodent model: An electrophysiological perspective. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 139:104807. [PMID: 32088382 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a major complication of long-term dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease. Characteristic neural oscillation and abnormal activity of striatal projection neurons (SPNs) are typical pathological events of LID, which would be reliable biomarkers for assessment of novel anti-dyskinetic approach if fully profiled. Glutamate dysregulation plays a critical role in the development of LID, and the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) is believed to regulate the release of glutamate on the presynaptic terminals and inhibits postsynaptic excitation. However, the anti-dyskinetic effect of modulating mGluR2/3 is still unclear. In this study, rats with unilateral dopaminergic lesion were injected with L-DOPA (12 mg/kg, i.p.) for seven days, while motor behavior was correlated with in vivo electrophysiology analyzing LFP and single-cell activity in both primary motor cortex and dorsolateral striatum. Our study showed that as LID established, high γ oscillation (hγ) predominated during LID, the number of unstable responses of SPN to dopamine increased, and the coherence between these patterns of oscillation and spiking activity also increased. We found that pretreatment of NMDA receptor antagonist, amantadine 60 mg/kg, i.p. (AMAN) significantly reduced abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs), in parallel with the reduction of hγ oscillation, and more markedly with a decrease in unstable responses of SPNs. In contrast, a mGluR2/3 agonist, LY354740 12 mg/kg, i.p. (LY) significantly shortened the duration of LID but merely exhibited a weak effect in diminishing the intensity of LID or reversing SPN responses. Together results indicate that AIMs in the rat model of PD are associated with abnormal corticostriatal signaling, which could be reversed by NMDAR antagonism more efficiently than mGluR2/3 agonism.
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12
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Ogawa M, Zhou Y, Tsuji R, Kasahara J, Goto S. Intrastriatal Memantine Infusion Dampens Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia and Motor Deficits in a Mouse Model of Hemiparkinsonism. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1258. [PMID: 31866925 PMCID: PMC6907096 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the administration of dopamine precursor levodopa remains as the mainstay for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, long-term exposure to levodopa often causes a disabling complication, referred to as levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic interventions to dampen levodopa-induced dyskinesias and parkinsonian motor deficits is needed in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Intracerebral brain infusion has the merit of being able to specifically deliver any drug into any brain part. By using an intracerebral infusion system equipped with implantable, programmable, and refillable pumps, we show herein that continuous intrastriatal administration of memantine (MMT), which is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, attenuates levodopa-induced dyskinesias and parkinsonian signs in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned hemiparkinsonian mice that received daily levodopa treatment. Corroborating the general thought that overactivation of the striatal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function might generate levodopa-induced dyskinesias and parkinsonism, our results suggest that a continuous intrastriatal MMT infusion can be beneficial for the management of Parkinson's disease with levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Our study also provides indications for the prototypic use of pharmacological deep-brain modulation through intracerebral infusion systems for treating medically intractable movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ogawa
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Neurobiology and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Neurobiology and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tsuji
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Neurobiology and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jiro Kasahara
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Neurobiology and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Goto
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Parkinson's Disease and Dystonia Research Center, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
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13
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Activation of mGlu2/3 receptors, a novel therapeutic approach to alleviate dyskinesia and psychosis in experimental parkinsonism. Neuropharmacology 2019; 158:107725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Mellone M, Zianni E, Stanic J, Campanelli F, Marino G, Ghiglieri V, Longhi A, Thiolat ML, Li Q, Calabresi P, Bezard E, Picconi B, Di Luca M, Gardoni F. NMDA receptor GluN2D subunit participates to levodopa-induced dyskinesia pathophysiology. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 121:338-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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15
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Gardoni F, Morari M, Kulisevsky J, Brugnoli A, Novello S, Pisanò CA, Caccia C, Mellone M, Melloni E, Padoani G, Sosti V, Vailati S, Keywood C. Safinamide Modulates Striatal Glutamatergic Signaling in a Rat Model of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:442-451. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.251645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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16
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Fanni S, Scheggi S, Rossi F, Tronci E, Traccis F, Stancampiano R, De Montis MG, Devoto P, Gambarana C, Bortolato M, Frau R, Carta M. 5alpha-reductase inhibitors dampen L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia via normalization of dopamine D1-receptor signaling pathway and D1-D3 receptor interaction. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 121:120-130. [PMID: 30261284 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 1-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is the mainstay therapy for treating Parkinson's disease (PD), its long-term administration is accompanied by the development of motor complications, particularly L-DOPA induced dyskinesia (LID), that dramatically affects patients' quality of life. LID has consistently been related to an excessive dopamine receptor transmission, particularly at the down-stream signaling of the striatal D1 receptors (D1R), resulting in an exaggerated stimulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. We previously reported that pharmacological blockade of 5alpha-reductase (5AR), the rate-limiting enzyme in neurosteroids synthesis, attenuates the severity of a broad set of behavioral alterations induced by D1R and D3R activation, without inducing extrapyramidal symptoms. In line with this evidence, in a recent study, we found that inhibition of 5AR by finasteride (FIN) produced a significant reduction of dyskinesia induced by L-DOPA and direct dopaminergic agonists in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. In the attempt to further investigate the effect of 5AR inhibitors on dyskinesia and shed light on the mechanism of action, in the present study we compared the effect of FIN and dutasteride (DUTA), a potent dual 5AR inhibitor, on the development of LID, on the therapeutic efficacy of L-DOPA, on the molecular alterations downstream to the D1R, as well as on D1R-D3R interaction. The results indicated that both FIN and DUTA administration significantly reduced development and expression of LID; however, DUTA appeared more effective than FIN at a lower dose and produced its antidyskinetic effect without impacting the ability of L-DOPA to increase motor activation, or ameliorate forelimb use in parkinsonian rats. Moreover, this study demonstrates for the first time that 5AR inhibitors are able to prevent key events in the appearance of dyskinesia, such as L-DOPA-induced upregulation of striatal D1R-related cAMP/PKA/ERK signaling pathways and D1R-D3R coimmunoprecipitation, an index of heteromer formation. These findings are relevant as they confirm the 5AR enzyme as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of dyskinesia in PD, suggesting the first ever evidence that neurosteroidogenesis may affect functional interaction between dopamine D1R and D3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fanni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SP 8, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Simona Scheggi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SP 8, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tronci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SP 8, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Francesco Traccis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SP 8, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Roberto Stancampiano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SP 8, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Maria Graziella De Montis
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Devoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SP 8, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Carla Gambarana
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Roberto Frau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SP 8, Monserrato 09042, Italy; Tourette Syndrome Center, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SP 8, Monserrato 09042, Italy; Sleep Medicine Center, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SP 8, Monserrato 09042, Italy; National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Manolo Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SP 8, Monserrato 09042, Italy.
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17
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Johnston TH, Lacoste AMB, Visanji NP, Lang AE, Fox SH, Brotchie JM. Repurposing drugs to treat l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2018; 147:11-27. [PMID: 29907424 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the opportunity for repurposing drugs for use in l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease. LID is a particularly suitable indication for drug repurposing given its pharmacological diversity, translatability of animal-models, availability of Phase II proof-of-concept (PoC) methodologies and the indication-specific regulatory environment. A compound fit for repurposing is defined as one with appropriate human safety-data as well as animal safety, toxicology and pharmacokinetic data as found in an Investigational New Drug (IND) package for another indication. We first focus on how such repurposing candidates can be identified and then discuss development strategies that might progress such a candidate towards a Phase II clinical PoC. We discuss traditional means for identifying repurposing candidates and contrast these with newer approaches, especially focussing on the use of computational and artificial intelligence (AI) platforms. We discuss strategies that can be categorised broadly as: in vivo phenotypic screening in a hypothesis-free manner; in vivo phenotypic screening based on analogy to a related disorder; hypothesis-driven evaluation of candidates in vivo and in silico screening with a hypothesis-agnostic component to the selection. To highlight the power of AI approaches, we describe a case study using IBM Watson where a training set of compounds, with demonstrated ability to reduce LID, were employed to identify novel repurposing candidates. Using the approaches discussed, many diverse candidates for repurposing in LID, originally envisaged for other indications, will be described that have already been evaluated for efficacy in non-human primate models of LID and/or clinically. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Drug Repurposing: old molecules, new ways to fast track drug discovery and development for CNS disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom H Johnston
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Atuka Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Naomi P Visanji
- Edmund J Safra Movement Disorders Clinic, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Edmund J Safra Movement Disorders Clinic, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan H Fox
- Edmund J Safra Movement Disorders Clinic, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Brotchie
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Atuka Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
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18
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Du JJ, Chen SD. Current Nondopaminergic Therapeutic Options for Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:1856-1866. [PMID: 28748860 PMCID: PMC5547839 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.211555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to summarize recent studies on nondopaminergic options for the treatment of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Data Sources: Papers in English published in PubMed, Cochrane, and Ovid Nursing databases between January 1988 and November 2016 were searched using the following keywords: PD, nondopaminergic therapy, adenosine, glutamatergic, adrenergic, serotoninergic, histaminic, and iron chelator. We also reviewed the ongoing clinical trials in the website of clinicaltrials.gov. Study Selection: Articles related to the nondopaminergic treatment of motor symptoms in PD were selected for this review. Results: PD is conventionally treated with dopamine replacement strategies, which are effective in the early stages of PD. Long-term use of levodopa could result in motor complications. Recent studies revealed that nondopaminergic systems such as adenosine, glutamatergic, adrenergic, serotoninergic, histaminic, and iron chelator pathways could include potential therapeutic targets for motor symptoms, including motor fluctuations, levodopa-induced dyskinesia, and gait disorders. Some nondopaminergic drugs, such as istradefylline and amantadine, are currently used clinically, while most such drugs are in preclinical testing stages. Transitioning of these agents into clinically beneficial strategies requires reliable evaluation since several agents have failed to show consistent results despite positive findings at the preclinical level. Conclusions: Targeting nondopaminergic transmission could improve some motor symptoms in PD, especially the discomfort of dyskinesia. Although nondopaminergic treatments show great potential in PD treatment as an adjunct therapy to levodopa, further investigation is required to ensure their success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Du
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sheng-Di Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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19
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Nishijima H, Ueno T, Funamizu Y, Ueno S, Tomiyama M. Levodopa treatment and dendritic spine pathology. Mov Disord 2017; 33:877-888. [PMID: 28880414 PMCID: PMC6667906 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with the progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Levodopa is the most effective treatment for the motor symptoms of PD. However, chronic oral levodopa treatment can lead to various motor and nonmotor complications because of nonphysiological pulsatile dopaminergic stimulation in the brain. Examinations of autopsy cases with PD have revealed a decreased number of dendritic spines of striatal neurons. Animal models of PD have revealed altered density and morphology of dendritic spines of neurons in various brain regions after dopaminergic denervation or dopaminergic denervation plus levodopa treatment, indicating altered synaptic transmission. Recent studies using rodent models have reported dendritic spine head enlargement in the caudate‐putamen, nucleus accumbens, primary motor cortex, and prefrontal cortex in cases where chronic levodopa treatment following dopaminergic denervation induced dyskinesia‐like abnormal involuntary movement. Hypertrophy of spines results from insertion of alpha‐amino‐2,3‐dihydro‐5‐methyl‐3‐oxo‐4‐isoxazolepropanoic acid receptors into the postsynaptic membrane. Such spine enlargement indicates hypersensitivity of the synapse to excitatory inputs and is compatible with a lack of depotentiation, which is an electrophysiological hallmark of levodopa‐induced dyskinesia found in the corticostriatal synapses of dyskinetic animals and the motor cortex of dyskinetic PD patients. This synaptic plasticity may be one of the mechanisms underlying the priming of levodopa‐induced complications such as levodopa‐induced dyskinesia and dopamine dysregulation syndrome. Drugs that could potentially prevent spine enlargement, such as calcium channel blockers, N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonists, alpha‐amino‐2,3‐dihydro‐5‐methyl‐3‐oxo‐4‐isoxazolepropanoic acid receptor antagonists, and metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists, are candidates for treatment of levodopa‐induced complications in PD. © 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Nishijima
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan.,Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan.,Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yukihisa Funamizu
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shinya Ueno
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tomiyama
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan.,Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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20
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Tronci E, Napolitano F, Muñoz A, Fidalgo C, Rossi F, Björklund A, Usiello A, Carta M. BDNF over-expression induces striatal serotonin fiber sprouting and increases the susceptibility to l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Exp Neurol 2017; 297:73-81. [PMID: 28757258 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its role in neuronal survival, the brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to influence serotonin transmission and synaptic plasticity, events strongly implicated in the appearance of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), a motor complication occurring in parkinsonian patients after long-term treatment with the dopamine precursor. In order to evaluate a possible influence of BDNF in the appearance of LID, 6-OHDA-lesioned rats received a striatal injection of different concentrations of an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector over-expressing either BDNF or GFP, as control vector. Eight weeks later, animals started to receive a daily treatment with l-DOPA (4-6mg/kg plus benserazide 4-6mg/kg, s.c.) or saline, and dyskinesias, as well as l-DOPA-induced rotations, were evaluated at several time-points. Moreover, molecular changes in striatal D1 receptor-dependent cAMP/PKA and ERK/mTORC signaling pathways, as well as, sprouting of striatal serotonin axons, were measured. Results showed that the AAV-BDNF vector injection induced striatal over-expression of BDNF, as well as striatal and pallidal serotonin axon hyperinnervation. Moreover, rats that over-expressed BDNF were more prone to develop LID and l-DOPA-induced rotations, compared to the GFP-treated control group. Finally, rats that over-expressed BDNF showed increased levels of striatal D1R-dependent signaling phospho-proteins in response to l-DOPA administration. This study suggests that BDNF over-expression, by inducing changes in pre-synaptic serotonin axonal trophism, is able to exacerbate maladaptive responses to l-DOPA administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Tronci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari University, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Francesco Napolitano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Ana Muñoz
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Camino Fidalgo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari University, Cagliari 09042, Italy; Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari University, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Anders Björklund
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Usiello
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Manolo Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari University, Cagliari 09042, Italy.
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21
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Frau R, Savoia P, Fanni S, Fiorentini C, Fidalgo C, Tronci E, Stancampiano R, Meloni M, Cannas A, Marrosu F, Bortolato M, Devoto P, Missale C, Carta M. The 5-alpha reductase inhibitor finasteride reduces dyskinesia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2017; 291:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Vijayakumar D, Jankovic J. Drug-Induced Dyskinesia, Part 1: Treatment of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia. Drugs 2017; 76:759-77. [PMID: 27091215 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-016-0566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dyskinesias encompass a variety of different hyperkinetic phenomenologies, particularly chorea, dystonia, stereotypies, and akathisia. Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is one of the main types of drug-induced dyskinesia, occurring in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who have been treated with levodopa for long time, but this side effect may be encountered even within a few weeks or months after initiation of levodopa therapy. Based on the temporal pattern in relationship to levodopa dosing, LIDs are divided into "peak-dose dyskinesia," "diphasic dyskinesia," and "wearing off" or "off-period" dyskinesia, of which peak-dose dyskinesia is the most common, followed by off-period, and then diphasic dyskinesia. Treatment strategy includes identifying the kind of dyskinesia and tailoring treatment accordingly. Peak-dose dyskinesia is treated mainly by reducing individual doses of levodopa and adding amantadine and dopamine agonists, whereas off-period dystonia often responds to baclofen and botulinum toxin injections. Diphasic dyskinesias, occurring particularly in patients with young-onset PD, are the most difficult to treat. While fractionation of levodopa dosage is the most frequently utilized strategy, many patients require deep brain stimulation to control their troublesome motor fluctuations and LIDs. A variety of emerging (experimental) drugs currently in development promise to provide better control of LIDs and other levodopa-related complications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Vijayakumar
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorder Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge, Suite 9A, Houston, TX, 77030-4202, USA
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorder Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge, Suite 9A, Houston, TX, 77030-4202, USA.
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Cunha AS, Matheus FC, Moretti M, Sampaio TB, Poli A, Santos DB, Colle D, Cunha MP, Blum-Silva CH, Sandjo LP, Reginatto FH, Rodrigues ALS, Farina M, Prediger RD. Agmatine attenuates reserpine-induced oral dyskinesia in mice: Role of oxidative stress, nitric oxide and glutamate NMDA receptors. Behav Brain Res 2016; 312:64-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Antidyskinetic Effect of 7-Nitroindazole and Sodium Nitroprusside Associated with Amantadine in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:88-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Tamtè M, Brys I, Richter U, Ivica N, Halje P, Petersson P. Systems-level neurophysiological state characteristics for drug evaluation in an animal model of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. J Neurophysiol 2016; 115:1713-29. [PMID: 26740532 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00868.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders affecting the central nervous system have proven particularly hard to treat, and disappointingly few novel therapies have reached the clinics in recent decades. A better understanding of the physiological processes in the brain underlying various symptoms could therefore greatly improve the rate of progress in this field. We here show how systems-level descriptions of different brain states reliably can be obtained through a newly developed method based on large-scale recordings in distributed neural networks encompassing several different brain structures. Using this technology, we characterize the neurophysiological states associated with parkinsonism and levodopa-induced dyskinesia in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease together with pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing dyskinetic symptoms. Our results show that the obtained electrophysiological data add significant information to conventional behavioral evaluations and hereby elucidate the underlying effects of treatments in greater detail. Taken together, these results potentially open up for studies of neurophysiological mechanisms underlying symptoms in a wide range of neurological and psychiatric conditions that until now have been very hard to investigate in animal models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tamtè
- Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ivani Brys
- Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrike Richter
- Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nedjeljka Ivica
- Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pär Halje
- Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Petersson
- Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Kumar P, Kumar D, Jha SK, Jha NK, Ambasta RK. Ion Channels in Neurological Disorders. ION CHANNELS AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS, PART A 2016; 103:97-136. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Bastide MF, Meissner WG, Picconi B, Fasano S, Fernagut PO, Feyder M, Francardo V, Alcacer C, Ding Y, Brambilla R, Fisone G, Jon Stoessl A, Bourdenx M, Engeln M, Navailles S, De Deurwaerdère P, Ko WKD, Simola N, Morelli M, Groc L, Rodriguez MC, Gurevich EV, Quik M, Morari M, Mellone M, Gardoni F, Tronci E, Guehl D, Tison F, Crossman AR, Kang UJ, Steece-Collier K, Fox S, Carta M, Angela Cenci M, Bézard E. Pathophysiology of L-dopa-induced motor and non-motor complications in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2015. [PMID: 26209473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately experienced by the vast majority of patients. In addition, psychiatric conditions often manifested as compulsive behaviours, are emerging as a serious problem in the management of L-dopa therapy. The present review attempts to provide an overview of our current understanding of dyskinesia and other L-dopa-induced dysfunctions, a field that dramatically evolved in the past twenty years. In view of the extensive literature on LID, there appeared a critical need to re-frame the concepts, to highlight the most suitable models, to review the central nervous system (CNS) circuitry that may be involved, and to propose a pathophysiological framework was timely and necessary. An updated review to clarify our understanding of LID and other L-dopa-related side effects was therefore timely and necessary. This review should help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing the generation of dyskinetic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu F Bastide
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Fasano
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre-Olivier Fernagut
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael Feyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Francardo
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cristina Alcacer
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yunmin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Jon Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre and National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Engeln
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvia Navailles
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wai Kin D Ko
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Micaela Morelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laurent Groc
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria-Cruz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia and Neuroscience Unit, Bio Donostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eugenia V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, CA 94025, USA
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manuela Mellone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tronci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dominique Guehl
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Tison
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Un Jung Kang
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Susan Fox
- Morton & Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4T 2S8, Canada
| | - Manolo Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erwan Bézard
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, UK.
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Fidalgo C, Ko WKD, Tronci E, Li Q, Stancampiano R, Chuan Q, Bezard E, Carta M. Effect of serotonin transporter blockade on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2015; 298:389-96. [PMID: 25907446 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin transporter blockade with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) was recently shown to counteract L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats. However, this effect has never been described in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, despite that they often receive SSRIs for the treatment of depression. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of the SSRI citalopram against dyskinesia in two experimental models of PD, the 6-OHDA-lesioned rat and 1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated macaque. First, we studied the acute and chronic effect of citalopram, given at different time points before L-DOPA, in L-DOPA-primed parkinsonian rats. Moreover, the acute effect of citalopram was also evaluated in dyskinetic MPTP-treated macaques. In L-DOPA-primed rats, a significant and long-lasting reduction of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) was observed only when citalopram was given 30 min before L-DOPA, suggesting that the time of injection relative to L-DOPA is a key factor for the efficacy of the treatment. Interestingly, an acute challenge with the 5-HT1A/1B receptor agonist eltoprazine, given at the end of the chronic study, was equally effective in reducing LID in rats previously chronically treated with L-DOPA or L-DOPA plus citalopram, suggesting that no auto-receptor desensitization was induced by chronic citalopram treatment. In MPTP-treated macaques, citalopram produced a striking suppression of LID but at the expense of L-DOPA therapeutic efficacy, which represents a concern for possible clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fidalgo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, University Campus, SS554 km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - W K D Ko
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience, Manchester, UK
| | - E Tronci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, University Campus, SS554 km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Q Li
- Motac Neuroscience, Manchester, UK; Institute of Lab Animal Sciences, China Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - R Stancampiano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, University Campus, SS554 km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Q Chuan
- Institute of Lab Animal Sciences, China Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - E Bezard
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience, Manchester, UK; Institute of Lab Animal Sciences, China Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - M Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, University Campus, SS554 km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
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Gan J, Qi C, Liu Z. Roles of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in subcellular expression of striatal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in l-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-induced dyskinetic rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:2119-28. [PMID: 25926720 PMCID: PMC4403745 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s73868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors is critical to the development of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is thought to regulate the expression and activation of NMDA receptors in LID, but the interaction between LID and CaMKII-modulated NMDA receptor activity is not clear so far. METHODS We used 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats to create PD rat model, and at least 21 days of L-DOPA was administrated followed with or without microinjection of CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 into the lesioned striatum of all the PD rats and sham rats. A surface receptor cross-linking assay was used to distinguish expression of striatal NMDA receptors in surface and intracellular compartments. RESULTS L-DOPA treatment enhanced surface levels of GluN1 expression and reduced its intracellular expression, but did not change total levels of GluN1 protein in the lesioned striatum. In contrast, l-DOPA decreased GluN2A surface expression but increased its intracellular expression. L-DOPA increased GluN2B expression preferentially in the surface compartment. We also found that L-DOPA increased CaMKII autophosphorylation at T286 in striatal neurons. The inhibition of CaMKII by microinjecting CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 into the lesioned striatum largely reversed the L-DOPA-induced changes in three subunits. In addition, dyskinetic behaviors of animals were observed alleviated after treatment of KN-93. CONCLUSION Our research indicates that long-term L-DOPA administration activates CaMKII in striatal neurons. Activated CaMKII is involved at least in part in mediating L-DOPA-induced changes of NMDA receptors surface/intracellular expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Qi
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Levodopa-induced dyskinesias are associated with transient down-regulation of cAMP and cGMP in the caudate-putamen of hemiparkinsonian rats: reduced synthesis or increased catabolism? Neurochem Int 2014; 79:44-56. [PMID: 25452081 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Second messenger cAMP and cGMP represent a key step in the action of dopamine that modulates directly or indirectly their synthesis. We aimed to verify whether levodopa-induced dyskinesias are associated with changes of the time course of levodopa/dopamine stimulated cAMP and cGMP levels, and/or with changes of their catabolism by phosphodiesterase activity in rats with experimental hemiparkinsonism. Microdialysis and tissue homogenates of the striatal tissues demonstrated that extracellular and intracellular cAMP/cGMP levels were lower in dyskinetic animals during the increasing phase of dyskinesias compared to eukinetic animals, but cAMP/cGMP levels increased in dyskinetic animals during the phase of decreasing and extinction of dyskinesias. Dyskinesias and the abnormal lowering of striatal cGMP and cAMP after levodopa were prevented by pretreatment with the multipotent drug amantadine, outlining the inverse relationship of cAMP/cGMP to dyskinesias. Moreover, dyskinetic animals showed higher striatal hydrolyzing cGMP-phosphodiesterase but not hydrolyzing cAMP-phosphodiesterase activity, suggesting that low cGMP but not cAMP levels could be due to increased catabolism. However, expressions of isozyme phosphodiesterase-1B and -10A highly and specifically located in the basal ganglia were not changed after levodopa in dyskinetic and eukinetic animals: accordingly, selective inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-1B and -10A were ineffective on levodopa dyskinesias. Therefore, the isozyme(s) expressing higher cGMP-phosphodiesterase activity in the striatum of dyskinetic animal should be determined. These observations suggest that dopamine-mediated processes of synthesis and/or degradation of cAMP/cGMP could be acutely impaired in levodopa dyskinesias, opening new ways to understanding physiopathology and treatment.
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Tozzi A, Sclip A, Tantucci M, de Iure A, Ghiglieri V, Costa C, Di Filippo M, Borsello T, Calabresi P. Region- and age-dependent reductions of hippocampal long-term potentiation and NMDA to AMPA ratio in a genetic model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:123-33. [PMID: 25104560 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the mechanisms underlying region- and age-dependent hippocampal synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease, we used transgenic CRND8 mice, expressing the Swedish-Indiana APP mutation. In 2-month-old mice, no β-amyloid plaques deposition, but the presence of soluble oligomers, were found in CA1 area but not in dentate gyrus (DG). At this age, long-term potentiation (LTP) was reduced selectively in CA1. In 6-month-old mice, the presence of soluble oligomers was accompanied by accumulation of β-amyloid plaques and decreased LTP in CA1 and DG regions. In both regions, the loss of LTP was linked to reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) current ratio. The acetylcholine-esterase inhibitor, neostigmine rescued LTP in CA1 area at early stage of the disease but not after plaques deposition. Conversely, the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine restored LTP selectively in DG at later stages of the disease. Both these effects were associated with a normalization of the NMDA to AMPA ratio. The association between the recovery of LTP and the normalization of the NMDA to AMPA ratio provides information on new possible therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tozzi
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Department of Medicine, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy; Laboratory of Neurophysiology, IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sclip
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Tantucci
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Department of Medicine, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio de Iure
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Department of Medicine, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghiglieri
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Costa
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Department of Medicine, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Di Filippo
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Department of Medicine, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Department of Medicine, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy; Laboratory of Neurophysiology, IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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