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Wang L, Fu G, Han R, Fan P, Yang J, Gong K, Zhao Z, Zhang C, Sun K, Shao G. MALAT1 and NEAT1 Are Neuroprotective During Hypoxic Preconditioning in the Mouse Hippocampus Possibly by Regulation of NR2B. High Alt Med Biol 2024. [PMID: 38808452 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Wang L, Fu G, Han R, Fan P, Yang J, Gong K, Zhao Z, Zhang C, Sun K, Shao GMALAT1 and NEAT1 Are Neuroprotective during Hypoxic Preconditioning in the Mouse Hippocampus Possibly by Regulation of NR2B High Alt Med Biol. 00:000-000, 2024. Background: The regulation of noncoding ribonucleic acid (ncRNA) has been shown to be involved in cellular and molecular responses to hypoxic preconditioning (HPC), a situation created by the induction of sublethal hypoxia in the brain. The ncRNAs metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) are abundantly expressed in the brain, where they regulate the expression of various genes in nerve cells. However, the exact roles of MALAT1 and NEAT1 in HPC are not fully understood. Methods: A mouse model of acute repeated hypoxia was used as a model of HPC, and MALAT1 and NEAT1 levels in the hippocampus were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mRNA and protein levels of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 2 B (NR2B) in the mouse hippocampus were measured using real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. HT22 cells knocked-down for MALAT1 and NEAT1 were used for in vitro testing. Expression of NR2B, which is involved in nerve cell injury under ischemic and hypoxic conditions, was also evaluated. The levels of spectrin and cleaved caspase-3 in MALAT1 and NEAT1 knockdown HT22 cells under oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) were determined by western blotting. Results: HPC increased the expression of MALAT1 and NEAT1 and decreased the expression of NR2B mRNA in the mouse hippocampus (p < 0.05). Knockdown of MALAT1 and NEAT1 increased both NR2B mRNA and protein levels nearly twofold and caused damage under OGD/R conditions in HT22 cells (p < 0.05). Conclusion: MALAT1 and NEAT1 exert neuroprotective effects by influencing the expression of NR2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, PRC
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou, PRC
- Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, PRC
| | - Gang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, PRC
| | - Ruijuan Han
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, PRC
| | - Peijia Fan
- Zhongshan School of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PRC
| | - Jing Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, PRC
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou, PRC
- Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, PRC
| | - Kerui Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, PRC
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, PRC
| | - Kai Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, PRC
| | - Guo Shao
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, PRC
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou, PRC
- Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, PRC
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, PRC
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PRC
- Joint Laboratory of South China Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University and Third People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PRC
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2
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Zhang R, Tao X, Sun R, Dai T, Xi X, Sun W, Song L, Gong W. Cognitive-exercise dual-task promotes cognitive function recovery in chronic cerebral ischemia male rats through regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via inhibition of EphrinA3/EphA4. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102. [PMID: 38284844 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) can lead to vascular cognitive impairment, but therapeutic options are limited. Cognitive-exercise dual-task (CEDT), as a potential rehabilitation intervention, can attenuate cognitive impairment. However, the related mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, 2-vessel occlusion (2-VO) in male SD rats was performed to establish the CCI model. The rats were treated with cognitive, exercise, or CEDT intervention for 21 days. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to assess cognitive ability. TUNEL staining was used to detect the neuronal apoptosis. Immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the protein or mRNA levels of EphrinA3, EphA4, p-PI3K, and p-Akt. The results showed that CEDT could improve performance in the MWM test, reverse the increased expression of EphrinA3 and EphA4, and the reduced expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt in CCI rats, which was superior to exercise and cognitive interventions. In vitro, oxygenglucose deprivation (OGD) challenge of astrocytes and neuronal cells were used to mimic cerebral ischemia. Immunofluorescence assay revealed that the levels of MAP-2, p-PI3K, and p-Akt were reduced in EphrinA3 overexpressed cells after OGD stimulation. Finally, the knock-down of EphrinA3 by shRNA significantly promoted the recovery of cognitive function and activation of PI3K/Akt after CEDT treatment in CCI rats. In conclusion, our study suggests that CEDT promotes cognitive function recovery after CCI by regulating the signaling axis of EphrinA3/EphA4/PI3K/Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Rehabilitation Medicine Academy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xue Tao
- Department of Research, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifeng Sun
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Rehabilitation Medicine Academy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengteng Dai
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - XiaoShuang Xi
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Rehabilitation Medicine Academy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weishuang Sun
- Rehabilitation Medicine Academy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Li Song
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Rehabilitation Medicine Academy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijun Gong
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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3
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Balbi M, Bonanno G, Bonifacino T, Milanese M. The Physio-Pathological Role of Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Expressed by Microglia in Health and Disease with a Focus on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5240. [PMID: 36982315 PMCID: PMC10048889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia cells are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system. They act as the first-line immune guardians of nervous tissue and central drivers of neuroinflammation. Any homeostatic alteration that can compromise neuron and tissue integrity could activate microglia. Once activated, microglia exhibit highly diverse phenotypes and functions related to either beneficial or harmful consequences. Microglia activation is associated with the release of protective or deleterious cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors that can in turn determine defensive or pathological outcomes. This scenario is complicated by the pathology-related specific phenotypes that microglia can assume, thus leading to the so-called disease-associated microglia phenotypes. Microglia express several receptors that regulate the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory features, sometimes exerting opposite actions on microglial functions according to specific conditions. In this context, group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are molecular structures that may contribute to the modulation of the reactive phenotype of microglia cells, and this is worthy of exploration. Here, we summarize the role of group I mGluRs in shaping microglia cells' phenotype in specific physio-pathological conditions, including some neurodegenerative disorders. A significant section of the review is specifically focused on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) since it represents an entirely unexplored topic of research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Balbi
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy (M.M.)
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy (M.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy (M.M.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy (M.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Gao ZK, Shen XY, Han Y, Guo YS, Li K, Bi X. Pre-ischemic exercise prevents inflammation and apoptosis by inhibiting MAPK pathway in ischemic stroke. Transl Neurosci 2022; 13:495-505. [PMID: 36636513 PMCID: PMC9803980 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a major mechanism of acute brain damage in ischemic stroke. Pre-ischemic exercise is an effective method to reduce ischemic injury. However, the regulation by pre-ischemic exercise of MAPK pathway and associated mechanisms in animal models remains unclear. Materials and methods In this study, Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, and exercise plus MCAO (EX + MCAO) group for 21 days, and then was established by MCAO. Longa score was used to measure neurological deficits at 0, 1, 2, and 3 days after MCAO. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the brain injury. The expression of MAPK pathway was quantified by western blot. The M1 microglia protein was quantified by western blot and immunofluorescence, and the level of inflammatory factor was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TUNEL staining and western blot were used to measure apoptosis. Results In the current study, we observed that pre-ischemic exercise effectively decreased infarct volume, neurological deficit score and brain injury in MCAO rats through suppressing the activation of p-JNK and p-ERK1/2. Further investigation revealed that pre-ischemic exercise decreased M1 microglia activation and the serum level of TNF-α and IL-1β. In addition, the increased number of TUNEL-positive cells and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio also were reversed by pre-ischemic exercise. Conclusions Pre-ischemic exercise can alleviate inflammatory response and apoptosis by inhibiting the MAPK pathway in MCAO rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Kun Gao
- Department of Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Xin-Ya Shen
- Department of Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai201318, China
| | - Yi-Sha Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai201318, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai201318, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai201318, China
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5
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Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Pharmacologic Preconditioning as a Means to Reduce Stroke-induced Inflammation and Damage. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3598-3614. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Jiang XH, Li HF, Chen ML, Zhang YX, Chen HB, Chen RH, Xiao YC, Liu N. Treadmill exercise exerts a synergistic effect with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on neuronal apoptosis and synaptic-axonal remodeling. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1293-1299. [PMID: 36453414 PMCID: PMC9838147 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.357900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Treadmill exercise and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation are both practical and effective methods for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. However, whether there is a synergistic effect between the two remains unclear. In this study, we established rat models of ischemia/reperfusion injury by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 2 hours and reperfusion for 24 hours. Rat models were perfused with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) via the tail vein and underwent 14 successive days of treadmill exercise. Neurological assessment, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry results revealed decreased neuronal apoptosis and cerebral infarct volume, evident synaptic formation and axonal regeneration, and remarkably recovered neurological function in rats subjected to treadmill exercise and MSC-exos treatment. These effects were superior to those in rats subjected to treadmill exercise or MSC-exos treatment alone. Mechanistically, further investigation revealed that the activation of JNK1/c-Jun signaling pathways regulated neuronal apoptosis and synaptic-axonal remodeling. These findings suggest that treadmill exercise may exhibit a synergistic effect with MSC-exos treatment, which may be related to activation of the JNK1/c-Jun signaling pathway. This study provides novel theoretical evidence for the clinical application of treadmill exercise combined with MSC-exos treatment for ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hong Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Fujian Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hang-Feng Li
- Department of Neurology, Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Man-Li Chen
- Fujian Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yi-Xian Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Fujian Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hong-Bin Chen
- Fujian Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Rong-Hua Chen
- Fujian Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ying-Chun Xiao
- Fujian Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Fujian Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Correspondence to: Nan Liu, .
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7
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Huang D, Xiao Q, Tang J, Liang X, Wang J, Hu M, Jiang Y, Liu L, Qin L, Zhou M, Li Y, Zhu P, Deng Y, Li J, Zhou C, Luo Y, Tang Y. Positive effects of running exercise on astrocytes in the medial prefrontal cortex in an animal model of depression. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:3056-3071. [PMID: 35972906 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses and seriously affects all aspects of life. Running exercise has been suggested to prevent or alleviate the occurrence and development of depression; however, the underlying mechanisms of these effects remain unclear. Independent studies have indicated that astrocytes play essential roles and that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is an important brain region involved in the pathology underlying depression. However, it is unknown whether running exercise achieves antidepressant effects by affecting the number of astrocytes and glutamate transport function in the mPFC. Here, animal models of depression were established using chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), and depression-like behavior was assessed by the sucrose preference test. After successfully establishing the depression model, experimental animals performed running exercise. Glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive (GFAP+ ) cell number in the mPFC was precisely quantified using immunohistochemical and stereological methods, and the densities of bromodeoxyuridine-positive (BrdU+ ) and BrdU+ /GFAP+ cells in the mPFC were measured using a semiquantitative immunofluorescence assay. Changes in glutamate transporter gene expression in mPFC astrocytes were detected by mRNA sequencing and qRT-PCR. We found that running exercise reversed CUS-induced decreases in sucrose preference, increased astrocyte number and the density of newborn astrocytes, and reversed decreases in gene expression levels of GFAP, S100b, and the glutamate transporters GLT-1 and GLAST in the mPFC of CUS animals. These results suggested that changes in astrocyte number and glutamate transporter function may be potential meditators of the effects of running exercise in the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dujuan Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Department of Radioactive Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Menglan Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Lu Qin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Peilin Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Deng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chunni Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yanmin Luo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Department of Physiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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8
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Karizmeh MS, Shabani M, Shabani M, Sardari M, Babaei JF, Nabavizadeh F, Sadr SS, Adeli S. Preconditioning exercise reduces hippocampal neuronal damage via increasing Klotho expression in ischemic rats. Brain Res Bull 2022; 188:133-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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9
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Zhu Y, Sun Y, Hu J, Pan Z. Insight Into the Mechanism of Exercise Preconditioning in Ischemic Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:866360. [PMID: 35350755 PMCID: PMC8957886 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.866360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise preconditioning has attracted extensive attention to induce endogenous neuroprotection and has become the hotspot in neurotherapy. The training exercise is given multiple times before cerebral ischemia, effectively inducing ischemic tolerance and alleviating secondary brain damage post-stroke. Compared with other preconditioning methods, the main advantages of exercise include easy clinical operation and being readily accepted by patients. However, the specific mechanism behind exercise preconditioning to ameliorate brain injury is complex. It involves multi-pathway and multi-target regulation, including regulation of inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis inhibition, and neurogenesis promotion. The current review summarizes the recent studies on the mechanism of neuroprotection induced by exercise, providing the theoretical basis of applying exercise therapy to prevent and treat ischemic stroke. In addition, we highlight the various limitations and future challenges of translational medicine from fundamental study to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yulin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jichao Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhuoer Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
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10
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Hafez S, Eid Z, Alabasi S, Darwiche Y, Channaoui S, Hess DC. Mechanisms of Preconditioning Exercise-Induced Neurovascular Protection in Stroke. J Stroke 2021; 23:312-326. [PMID: 34649377 PMCID: PMC8521252 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2020.03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability. Tissue plasminogen activator is the only U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke patients till date. However, its use is limited due to increased risk of bleeding and narrow therapeutic window. Most of the preclinically tested pharmacological agents failed to be translated to the clinic. This drives the need for alternative therapeutic approaches that not only provide enhanced neuroprotection, but also reduce the risk of stroke. Physical exercise is a sort of preconditioning that provides the body with brief ischemic episodes that can protect the body from subsequent severe ischemic attacks like stroke. Physical exercise is known to improve cardiovascular health. However, its role in providing neuroprotection in stroke is not clear. Clinical observational studies showed a correlation between regular physical exercise and reduced risk and severity of ischemic stroke and better outcomes after stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms through which prestroke exercise can reduce the stroke injury and improve the outcomes are not completely understood. The purpose of this review is to: demonstrate the impact of exercise on stroke outcomes and show the potential role of exercise in stroke prevention and recovery; uncover the underlying mechanisms through which exercise reduces the neurovascular injury and improves stroke outcomes aiming to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Hafez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Neurology Department, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zeina Eid
- College of Pharmacy Larkin University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sara Alabasi
- College of Pharmacy Larkin University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - David C Hess
- Neurology Department, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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10-O-(N N-Dimethylaminoethyl)-Ginkgolide B Methane-Sulfonate (XQ-1H) Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia Via Suppressing Neuronal Apoptosis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105987. [PMID: 34273708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The 10-O-(N N-dimethylaminoethyl)-ginkgolide B methane-sulfonate (XQ-1H) is an effective novel drug for the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease derived from Ginkgolide B, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, whether XQ-1H exerts neuroprotective effect via regulating neuronal apoptosis and the underlying mechanism remain to be elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of XQ-1H in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) and the oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) induced neuronal apoptosis on pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells. RESULTS The results showed that administration of XQ-1H at different dosage (7.8, 15.6, 31.2 mg/kg) reduced the brain infarct and edema, attenuated the neuro-behavioral dysfunction, and improved cell morphology in brain tissue after MCAO/R in rats. Moreover, incubation with XQ-1H (1 µM, 3 µM, 10 µM, 50 µM, 100 µM) could increase the cell viability, and showed no toxic effect to PC-12 cells. XQ-1H at following 1 µM, 10 µM, 100 µM decreased the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and suppressed the cell apoptosis in PC-12 cells exposed to OGD/R. In addition, XQ-1H treatment could significantly inhibit caspase-3 activation both in vivo and in vitro, reciprocally modulate the expression of apoptosis related proteins, bcl-2, and bax via activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. For mechanism verification, LY294002, the inhibitor of PI3K/Akt pathway was introduced the expressions of bcl-2 and phosphorylated Akt were down-regulated, the expression of bax was up-regulated, indicating that XQ-1H could alleviate the cell apoptosis through activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that XQ-1H treatment could provide a neuroprotective effect against ischemic stroke induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro through regulating neuronal survival and inhibiting apoptosis. The findings of the study confirmed that XQ-1H could be develop as a potential drug for treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke.
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12
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Di Raimondo D, Rizzo G, Musiari G, Tuttolomondo A, Pinto A. Role of Regular Physical Activity in Neuroprotection against Acute Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239086. [PMID: 33260365 PMCID: PMC7731306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major obstacles that prevents an effective therapeutic intervention against ischemic stroke is the lack of neuroprotective agents able to reduce neuronal damage; this results in frequent evolution towards a long-term disability with limited alternatives available to aid in recovery. Nevertheless, various treatment options have shown clinical efficacy. Neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), widely produced throughout the brain, but also in distant tissues such as the muscle, have demonstrated regenerative properties with the potential to restore damaged neural tissue. Neurotrophins play a significant role in both protection and recovery of function following neurological diseases such as ischemic stroke or traumatic brain injury. Unfortunately, the efficacy of exogenous administration of these neurotrophins is limited by rapid degradation with subsequent poor half-life and a lack of blood-brain-barrier permeability. Regular exercise seems to be a therapeutic approach able to induce the activation of several pathways related to the neurotrophins release. Exercise, furthermore, reduces the infarct volume in the ischemic brain and ameliorates motor function in animal models increasing astrocyte proliferation, inducing angiogenesis and reducing neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress. One of the most critical issues is to identify the relationship between neurotrophins and myokines, newly discovered skeletal muscle-derived factors released during and after exercise able to exert several biological functions. Various myokines (e.g., Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1, Irisin) have recently shown their ability to protects against neuronal injury in cerebral ischemia models, suggesting that these substances may influence the degree of neuronal damage in part via inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways. The aim of this narrative review is to examine the main experimental data available to date on the neuroprotective and anti-ischemic role of regular exercise, analyzing also the possible role played by neurotrophins and myokines.
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13
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A Review of Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity in Ischemic Stroke: Pathology and Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4218-4231. [PMID: 32691303 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
After ischemic stroke, survivors experience motor dysfunction and deterioration of memory and cognition. These symptoms are associated with the disruption of normal neuronal function, i.e., the secretion of neurotrophic factors, interhemispheric connections, and synaptic activity, and hence the disruption of the normal neural circuit. Exercise is considered an effective and feasible rehabilitation strategy for improving cognitive and motor recovery following ischemic stroke through the facilitation of neuroplasticity. In this review, our aim was to discuss the mechanisms by which exercise-induced neuroplasticity improves motor function and cognitive ability after ischemic stroke. The associated mechanisms include increases in neurotrophins, improvements in synaptic structure and function, the enhancement of interhemispheric connections, the promotion of neural regeneration, the acceleration of neural function reorganization, and the facilitation of compensation beyond the infarcted tissue. We also discuss some common exercise strategies and a novel exercise therapy, robot-assisted movement, which might be widely applied in the clinic to help stroke patients in the future.
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Wang R, Tian H, Guo D, Tian Q, Yao T, Kong X. Impacts of exercise intervention on various diseases in rats. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:211-227. [PMID: 32444146 PMCID: PMC7242221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is considered as an important intervention for treatment and prevention of several diseases, such as osteoarthritis, obesity, hypertension, and Alzheimer's disease. This review summarizes decadal exercise intervention studies with various rat models across 6 major systems to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the effects that exercise brought. METHODS PubMed was utilized as the data source. To collect research articles, we used the following terms to create the search: (exercise [Title] OR physical activity [Title] OR training [Title]) AND (rats [Title/Abstract] OR rat [Title/Abstract] OR rattus [Title/Abstract]). To best cover targeted studies, publication dates were limited to "within 11 years." The exercise intervention methods used for different diseases were sorted according to the mode, frequency, and intensity of exercise. RESULTS The collected articles were categorized into studies related to 6 systems or disease types: motor system (17 articles), metabolic system (110 articles), cardiocerebral vascular system (171 articles), nervous system (71 articles), urinary system (2 articles), and cancer (21 articles). Our review found that, for different diseases, exercise intervention mostly had a positive effect. However, the most powerful effect was achieved by using a specific mode of exercise that addressed the characteristics of the disease. CONCLUSION As a model animal, rats not only provide a convenient resource for studying human diseases but also provide the possibility for exploring the molecular mechanisms of exercise intervention on diseases. This review also aims to provide exercise intervention frameworks and optimal exercise dose recommendations for further human exercise intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwen Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haili Tian
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qianqian Tian
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ting Yao
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Xingxing Kong
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Cheng J, Shen W, Jin L, Pan J, Zhou Y, Pan G, Xie Q, Hu Q, Wu S, Zhang H, Chen X. Treadmill exercise promotes neurogenesis and myelin repair via upregulating Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathways in the juvenile brain following focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1447-1463. [PMID: 32323740 PMCID: PMC7138282 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has a neuroprotective effect and is an important treatment after ischemic stroke. Promoting neurogenesis and myelin repair in the penumbra is an important method for the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, the role and potential mechanism of exercise in neurogenesis and myelin repair still needs to be clarified. The goal of the present study was to ascertain the possible effect of treadmill training on the neuroprotective signaling pathway in juvenile rats after ischemic stroke. The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in juvenile rats was established and then the rats were randomly divided into 9 groups. XAV939 (an inhibitor of the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway) was used to confirm the effects of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway on exercise‑mediated neurogenesis and myelin repair. Neurological deficits were detected by modified neurological severity score, the injury of brain tissue and the morphology of neurons was detected by hematoxylin‑eosin staining and Nissl staining, and the infarct volume was detected by 2,3,5‑triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. The changes in myelin were observed by Luxol fast blue staining. The neuron ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence and western blots analyzed the molecular mechanisms. The results showed that treadmill exercise improved neurogenesis, enhanced myelin repair, promoted neurological function recovery and reduced infarct volume. These were the results of the upregulation of Wnt3a and nucleus β‑catenin, brain‑derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and myelin basic protein (MBP). In addition, XAV939 inhibited treadmill exercise‑induced neurogenesis and myelin repair, which was consistent with the downregulation of Wnt3a, nucleus β‑catenin, BDNF and MBP expression, and the deterioration of neurological function. In summary, treadmill exercise promotes neurogenesis and myelin repair by upregulating the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway, to improve the neurological deficit caused by focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Cheng
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Shen
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Lingqin Jin
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Pan
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Guoyuan Pan
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Xie
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Quan Hu
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Shamin Wu
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Nursing Department, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
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Abel JM, Nesil T, Bakhti-Suroosh A, Grant PA, Lynch WJ. Mechanisms underlying the efficacy of exercise as an intervention for cocaine relapse: a focus on mGlu5 in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2155-2171. [PMID: 31161451 PMCID: PMC6626681 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Exercise shows promise as a treatment option for addiction; but in order to prevent relapse, it may need to be introduced early in the course of treatment. OBJECTIVE We propose that exercise, by upregulating dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC)-nucleus accumbens (NAc) transmission, offsets deficits in pathways targeting glutamate, BDNF, and dopamine during early abstinence, and in doing so, normalizes neuroadaptations that underlie relapse. METHODS We compared the effects of exercise (wheel running, 2-h/day) during early (days 1-7), late (days 8-14), and throughout abstinence (days 1-14) to sedentary conditions on cocaine-seeking and gene expression in the dmPFC and NAc core of male rats tested following 24-h/day extended-access cocaine (up to 96 infusions/day) or saline self-administration and protracted abstinence (15 days). Based on these data, we then used site-specific manipulation to determine whether dmPFC metabotropic glutamate receptor5 (mGlu5) underlies the efficacy of exercise. RESULTS Exercise initiated during early, but not late abstinence, reduced cocaine-seeking; this effect was strongly associated with dmPFC Grm5 expression (gene encoding mGlu5), and modestly associated with dmPFC Grin1 and Bdnf-IV expression. Activation of mGlu5 in the dmPFC during early abstinence mimicked the efficacy of early-initiated exercise; however, inhibition of these receptors prior to the exercise sessions did not block its efficacy indicating that there may be redundancy in the mechanisms through which exercise reduces cocaine-seeking. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that addiction treatments, including exercise, should be tailored for early versus late phases of abstinence since their effectiveness will vary over abstinence due to the dynamic nature of the underlying neuroadaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M. Abel
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Tanseli Nesil
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | - Patrick A. Grant
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Wendy J. Lynch
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA,Corresponding Author: Wendy J. Lynch, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, PO Box 801402, Charlottesville, VA 22904; Tel: (434) 243-0580; Fax: (434) 973-7031;
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Huang WY, Jiang C, Ye HB, Jiao JT, Cheng C, Huang J, Liu J, Zhang R, Shao JF. miR-124 upregulates astrocytic glutamate transporter-1 via the Akt and mTOR signaling pathway post ischemic stroke. Brain Res Bull 2019; 149:231-239. [PMID: 31004734 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
High-concentration glutamic acid (Glu) induced by ischemic stroke can be inhibited by glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1), which is the main mechanism for preventing excessive extracellular glutamate accumulation in the central nervous system. Upregulation of miR-124 could reduce the infarct area and promote the recovery of neurological function after ischemic stroke. A previous study investigated whether miR-124 could regulate GLT-1 expression in normal culture conditions. However, the role of miR-124 in the regulation of GLT-1 expression and further mechanisms after ischemic stroke remain unclear. In this study, the effects of miR-124 on GLT-1 expression in astrocytes after ischemic stroke were explored using an in vitro model of ischemic stroke (oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, OGD/reperfusion). The expression of GLT-1 was significantly decreased with lower expression of miR-124 in astrocytes injured by OGD/reperfusion. When miR-124 expression was improved, the expression of GLT-1 was notably increased in astrocytes injured by OGD/reperfusion. The results revealed that GLT-1 expression in astrocytes had a relationship with miR-124 after OGD/reperfusion. However, a direct interaction could not be confirmed with a luciferase reporter assay. Further results demonstrated that an inhibitor of Akt could decrease the increased protein expression of GLT-1 induced by miR-124 mimics, and an inhibitor of mTOR could increase the reduced protein expression of GLT-1 caused by a miR-124 inhibitor in astrocytes injured by different OGD/reperfusion conditions. These results indicated that miR-124 could regulate GLT-1 expression in astrocytes after OGD/reperfusion through the Akt and mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Bin Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Tong Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Fei Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Xu M, Xiao F, Wang M, Yan T, Yang H, Wu B, Bi K, Jia Y. Schisantherin B Improves the Pathological Manifestations of Mice Caused by Behavior Desperation in Different Ages-Depression with Cognitive Impairment. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:160-167. [PMID: 30261717 PMCID: PMC6430225 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a major mood disorder. Abnormal expression of glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) is associated with depression. Schisantherin B (STB) is one bioactive of lignans isolated from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill which has been commonly used as a traditional herbal medicine for thousands of years. This paper was designed to investigate the effects of STB on depressive mice induced by forced swimming test (FST). Additionally, we also assessed the impairment of FST on cognitive function in mice with different ages. FST and open field test (OFT) were used for assessing depressive symptoms, and Y-maze was used for evaluating cognition processes. Our study showed that STB acting as an antidepressant, which increased GLT-1 levels by promoting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Although the damage is reversible, short-term learning and memory impairment caused by FST test is more serious in the aged mice, and STB also exerts cognition improvement ability in the meanwhile. Our findings suggested that STB might be a promising therapeutic agent of depression by regulating the GLT-1 restoration as well as activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mengshi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tingxu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bo Wu
- The Engineering Laboratory of National and Local Union of Quality Control for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- The Engineering Laboratory of National and Local Union of Quality Control for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ying Jia
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Activated forms of astrocytes with higher GLT-1 expression are associated with cognitive normal subjects with Alzheimer pathology in human brain. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1712. [PMID: 29374250 PMCID: PMC5786045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is believed to be caused by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), several postmortem studies have reported cognitive normal subjects with AD brain pathology. As the mechanism underlying these discrepancies has not been clarified, we focused the neuroprotective role of astrocytes. After examining 47 donated brains, we classified brains into 3 groups, no AD pathology with no dementia (N-N), AD pathology with no dementia (AD-N), and AD pathology with dementia (AD-D), which represented 41%, 21%, and 38% of brains, respectively. No differences were found in the accumulation of Aβ plaques or NFTs in the entorhinal cortex (EC) between AD-N and AD-D. Number of neurons and synaptic density were increased in AD-N compared to those in AD-D. The astrocytes in AD-N possessed longer or thicker processes, while those in AD-D possessed shorter or thinner processes in layer I/II of the EC. Astrocytes in all layers of the EC in AD-N showed enhanced GLT-1 expression in comparison to those in AD-D. Therefore these activated forms of astrocytes with increased GLT-1 expression may exert beneficial roles in preserving cognitive function, even in the presence of Aβ and NFTs.
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Rezaei R, Nourshahi M, Khodagholi F, Haghparast A, Nasoohi S, Bigdeli M, Ashabi G. Differential impact of treadmill training on stroke-induced neurological disorders. Brain Inj 2017; 31:1910-1917. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1346287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Rezaei
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin 198396113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nourshahi
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin 198396113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Nasoohi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Naderi S, Alimohammadi R, Hakimizadeh E, Roohbakhsh A, Shamsizadeh A, Allahtavakoli M. The effect of exercise preconditioning on stroke outcome in ovariectomized mice with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 96:287-294. [PMID: 28873322 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exercise preconditioning has been shown to be effective in improving behavioral and neuropathological indices after cerebral ischemia. We evaluated the effect of exercise preconditioning, 17β-estradiol, and their combination on stroke outcome using an experimental model of stroke in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. OVX mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups as follows: control (stroke), exercise (exercise and stroke), estradiol (17β-estradiol and stroke), and exercise+estradiol (exercise and 17β-estradiol and stroke). Exercise preconditioning was performed on a treadmill 5 days/week, 40 min/day, at a speed of 18 m/min for 4 weeks. 17β-estradiol was gavaged (40 μg/kg per day) for 4 weeks. Stroke was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO), and neurological deficits were evaluated 1, 2, and 7 days after stroke. Then, the serum concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and infarct volumes were assessed. Exercise preconditioning and 17β-estradiol induced a better outcome compared with the control ischemic mice, which was manifested by decrease in MMP-9, increase in IL-10, diminished infarct volume, and improved neurological deficits. Concomitant administration of 17β-estradiol and exercise also significantly improved these parameters. Exercise preconditioning or administration of 17β-estradiol alone or in combination before pMCAO induced significant neuroprotection in OVX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Naderi
- a Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Raheleh Alimohammadi
- a Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Elham Hakimizadeh
- d Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- b Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,c Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Shamsizadeh
- d Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Allahtavakoli
- d Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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22
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Exercise in an animal model of Parkinson's disease: Motor recovery but not restoration of the nigrostriatal pathway. Neuroscience 2017; 359:224-247. [PMID: 28754312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many clinical studies have reported on the benefits of exercise therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Exercise cannot stop the progression of PD or facilitate the recovery of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) (Bega et al., 2014). To tease apart this paradox, we utilized a progressive MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydropyridine) mouse model in which we initiated 4weeks of treadmill exercise after the completion of toxin administration (i.e., restoration). We found in our MPTP/exercise (MPTP+EX) group several measures of gait function that recovered compared to the MPTP only group. Although there was a small recovery of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive DA neurons in the SNpc and terminals in the striatum, this increase was not statistically significant. These small changes in TH could not explain the improvement of motor function. The MPTP group had a significant 170% increase in the glycosylated/non-glycosylated dopamine transporter (DAT) and a 200% increase in microglial marker, IBA-1, in the striatum. The MPTP+EX group showed a nearly full recovery of these markers back to the vehicle levels. There was an increase in GLT-1 levels in the striatum due to exercise, with no change in striatal BDNF protein expression. Our data suggest that motor recovery was not prompted by any significant restoration of DA neurons or terminals, but rather the recovery of DAT and dampening the inflammatory response. Although exercise does not promote recovery of nigrostriatal DA, it should be used in conjunction with pharmaceutical methods for controlling PD symptoms.
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Orexin-A promotes Glu uptake by OX1R/PKCα/ERK1/2/GLT-1 pathway in astrocytes and protects co-cultured astrocytes and neurons against apoptosis in anoxia/hypoglycemic injury in vitro. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 425:103-112. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Neuronal networks provide rapid neuroprotection against spreading toxicity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33746. [PMID: 27650924 PMCID: PMC5030638 DOI: 10.1038/srep33746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute secondary neuronal cell death, as seen in neurodegenerative disease, cerebral ischemia (stroke) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), drives spreading neurotoxicity into surrounding, undamaged, brain areas. This spreading toxicity occurs via two mechanisms, synaptic toxicity through hyperactivity, and excitotoxicity following the accumulation of extracellular glutamate. To date, there are no fast-acting therapeutic tools capable of terminating secondary spreading toxicity within a time frame relevant to the emergency treatment of stroke or TBI patients. Here, using hippocampal neurons (DIV 15-20) cultured in microfluidic devices in order to deliver a localized excitotoxic insult, we replicate secondary spreading toxicity and demonstrate that this process is driven by GluN2B receptors. In addition to the modeling of spreading toxicity, this approach has uncovered a previously unknown, fast acting, GluN2A-dependent neuroprotective signaling mechanism. This mechanism utilizes the innate capacity of surrounding neuronal networks to provide protection against both forms of spreading neuronal toxicity, synaptic hyperactivity and direct glutamate excitotoxicity. Importantly, network neuroprotection against spreading toxicity can be effectively stimulated after an excitotoxic insult has been delivered, and may identify a new therapeutic window to limit brain damage.
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Zhu L, Ye T, Tang Q, Wang Y, Wu X, Li H, Jiang Y. Exercise Preconditioning Regulates the Toll-Like Receptor 4/Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathway and Reduces Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Inflammatory Injury: A Study in Rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 25:2770-2779. [PMID: 27590301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of exercise preconditioning (EP) on the activity of the toll-like receptor (TLR)4/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) inflammatory injury. METHODS Ischemia was induced in rats using transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) after 3 weeks of EP. Fifty-four rats were divided into sham, MCAO, and EP+MCAO groups. Following the induction of cerebral I/R injury, rats were scored for neurological deficits. Various techniques were used to evaluate ischemic infarct volume and explore pathological changes in tissue morphology after cerebral I/R injury, wherein the levels of TLR4 and NF-κB were analyzed. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in peripheral serum. RESULTS Twenty-four hours after cerebral I/R injury, the neurological deficit scores decreased and ischemic cortical damage alleviated in EP+MCAO group; the number of TLR4- and NF-κB-positive cells, the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in the ischemic side, and the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in the peripheral serum were lower in EP+MCAO group than those in the MCAO group (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that EP can improve cerebral I/R-induced neurological deficits in rats, reduce infarct volume, mitigate pathological damage in the ischemic cortex, and exert neuroprotective effects. The mechanism underlying these effects might involve the regulation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the inhibition of central and peripheral inflammatory cascades during cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwen Zhu
- Rehabilitation Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Rehabilitation Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Rehabilitation Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yunfei Jiang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Otsuka S, Sakakima H, Sumizono M, Takada S, Terashi T, Yoshida Y. The neuroprotective effects of preconditioning exercise on brain damage and neurotrophic factors after focal brain ischemia in rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 303:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Wang Y, Reis C, Applegate R, Stier G, Martin R, Zhang JH. Ischemic conditioning-induced endogenous brain protection: Applications pre-, per- or post-stroke. Exp Neurol 2015; 272:26-40. [PMID: 25900056 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the area of brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases, a plethora of experimental and clinical evidence strongly indicates the promise of therapeutically exploiting the endogenous adaptive system at various levels like triggers, mediators and the end-effectors to stimulate and mobilize intrinsic protective capacities against brain injuries. It is believed that ischemic pre-conditioning and post-conditioning are actually the strongest known interventions to stimulate the innate neuroprotective mechanism to prevent or reverse neurodegenerative diseases including stroke and traumatic brain injury. Recently, studies showed the effectiveness of ischemic per-conditioning in some organs. Therefore the term ischemic conditioning, including all interventions applied pre-, per- and post-ischemia, which spans therapeutic windows in 3 time periods, has recently been broadly accepted by scientific communities. In addition, it is extensively acknowledged that ischemia-mediated protection not only affects the neurons but also all the components of the neurovascular network (consisting of neurons, glial cells, vascular endothelial cells, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, and venule/veins). The concept of cerebroprotection has been widely used in place of neuroprotection. Intensive studies on the cellular signaling pathways involved in ischemic conditioning have improved the mechanistic understanding of tolerance to cerebral ischemia. This has added impetus to exploration for potential pharmacologic mimetics, which could possibly induce and maximize inherent protective capacities. However, most of these studies were performed in rodents, and the efficacy of these mimetics remains to be evaluated in human patients. Several classical signaling pathways involving apoptosis, inflammation, or oxidation have been elaborated in the past decades. Newly characterized mechanisms are emerging with the advances in biotechnology and conceptual renewal. In this review we are going to focus on those recently reported methodological and mechanistic discoveries in the realm of ischemic conditioning. Due to the varied time differences of ischemic conditioning in different animal models and clinical trials, it is important to define optimal timing to achieve the best conditioning induced neuroprotection. This brings not only an opportunity in the treatment of stroke, but challenges as well, as data is just becoming available and the procedures are not yet optimized. The purpose of this review is to shed light on exploiting these ischemic conditioning modalities to protect the cerebrovascular system against diverse injuries and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechun Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA; Department of Physiology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cesar Reis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Richard Applegate
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gary Stier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Robert Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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