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Kitchen NM, Dexheimer B, Yuk J, Maenza C, Ruelos PR, Kim T, Sainburg RL. The complementary dominance hypothesis: a model for remediating the 'good' hand in stroke survivors. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38733166 DOI: 10.1113/jp285561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The complementary dominance hypothesis is a novel model of motor lateralization substantiated by decades of research examining interlimb differences in the control of upper extremity movements in neurotypical adults and hemisphere-specific motor deficits in stroke survivors. In contrast to earlier ideas that attribute handedness to the specialization of one hemisphere, our model proposes complementary motor control specializations in each hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere mediates optimal control of limb dynamics as required for smooth and efficient movements, whereas the non-dominant hemisphere mediates impedance control, important for countering unexpected mechanical conditions and achieving steady-state limb positions. Importantly, this model proposes that each hemisphere contributes its specialization to both arms (though with greater influence from either arm's contralateral hemisphere) and thus predicts that lesions to one hemisphere should produce hemisphere-specific motor deficits in not only the contralesional arm, but also the ipsilesional arm of stroke survivors - a powerful prediction now supported by a growing body of evidence. Such ipsilesional arm motor deficits vary with contralesional arm impairment, and thus individuals with little to no functional use of the contralesional arm experience both the greatest impairments in the ipsilesional arm, as well as the greatest reliance on it to serve as the main or sole manipulator for activities of daily living. Accordingly, we have proposed and tested a novel intervention that reduces hemisphere-specific ipsilesional arm deficits and thereby improves functional independence in stroke survivors with severe contralesional impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick M Kitchen
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brooke Dexheimer
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jisung Yuk
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Candice Maenza
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul R Ruelos
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Taewon Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert L Sainburg
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Elango S, Chakravarthy VS, Mutha PK. A lateralized motor network in order to understand adaptation to visuomotor rotation. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:036003. [PMID: 38653251 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Objective.The functional asymmetry between the two brain hemispheres in language and spatial processing is well documented. However, a description of difference in control between the two hemispheres in motor function is not well established. Our primary objective in this study was to examine the distribution of control in the motor hierarchy and its variation across hemispheres.Approach.We developed a computation model termed the bilateral control network and implemented the same in a neural network framework to be used to replicate certain experimental results. The network consists of a simple arm model capable of making movements in 2D space and a motor hierarchy with separate elements coding target location, estimated position of arm, direction, and distance to be moved by the arm, and the motor command sent to the arm. The main assumption made here is the division of direction and distance coding between the two hemispheres with distance coded in the non-dominant and direction coded in the dominant hemisphere.Main results.With this assumption, the network was able to show main results observed in visuomotor adaptation studies. Importantly it showed decrease in error exhibited by the untrained arm while the other arm underwent training compared to the corresponding naïve arm's performance-transfer of motor learning from trained to the untrained arm. It also showed how this varied depending on the performance variable used-with distance as the measure, the non-dominant arm showed transfer and with direction, dominant arm showed transfer.Significance.Our results indicate the possibility of shared control between the two hemispheres. If indeed found true, this result could have major significance in motor rehabilitation as treatment strategies will need to be designed in order to account for this and can no longer be confined to the arm contralateral to the affected hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundari Elango
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - V Srinivasa Chakravarthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pratik K Mutha
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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Dexheimer B, Sainburg R, Sharp S, Philip BA. Roles of Handedness and Hemispheric Lateralization: Implications for Rehabilitation of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems: A Rapid Review. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7802180120. [PMID: 38305818 PMCID: PMC11017742 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Handedness and motor asymmetry are important features of occupational performance. With an increased understanding of the basic neural mechanisms surrounding handedness, clinicians will be better able to implement targeted, evidence-based neurorehabilitation interventions to promote functional independence. OBJECTIVE To review the basic neural mechanisms behind handedness and their implications for central and peripheral nervous system injury. DATA SOURCES Relevant published literature obtained via MEDLINE. FINDINGS Handedness, along with performance asymmetries observed between the dominant and nondominant hands, may be due to hemispheric specializations for motor control. These specializations contribute to predictable motor control deficits that are dependent on which hemisphere or limb has been affected. Clinical practice recommendations for occupational therapists and other rehabilitation specialists are presented. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE It is vital that occupational therapists and other rehabilitation specialists consider handedness and hemispheric lateralization during evaluation and treatment. With an increased understanding of the basic neural mechanisms surrounding handedness, clinicians will be better able to implement targeted, evidence-based neurorehabilitation interventions to promote functional independence. Plain-Language Summary: The goal of this narrative review is to increase clinicians' understanding of the basic neural mechanisms related to handedness (the tendency to select one hand over the other for specific tasks) and their implications for central and peripheral nervous system injury and rehabilitation. An enhanced understanding of these mechanisms may allow clinicians to better tailor neurorehabilitation interventions to address motor deficits and promote functional independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Dexheimer
- Brooke Dexheimer, PhD, OTD, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond;
| | - Robert Sainburg
- Robert Sainburg, PhD, OTR, is Professor and Huck Institutes Distinguished Chair, Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, and Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey
| | - Sydney Sharp
- Sydney Sharp, is Occupational Therapy Doctoral Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Benjamin A Philip
- Benjamin A. Philip, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Program in Occupational Therapy, Department of Neurology and Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Dexheimer B, Przybyla A, Murphy TE, Akpinar S, Sainburg R. Reaction time asymmetries provide insight into mechanisms underlying dominant and non-dominant hand selection. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2791-2802. [PMID: 36066589 PMCID: PMC10130955 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Handedness is often thought of as a hand "preference" for specific tasks or components of bimanual tasks. Nevertheless, hand selection decisions depend on many factors beyond hand dominance. While these decisions are likely influenced by which hand might show performance advantages for the particular task and conditions, there also appears to be a bias toward the dominant hand, regardless of performance advantage. This study examined the impact of hand selection decisions and workspace location on reaction time and movement quality. Twenty-six neurologically intact participants performed targeted reaching across the horizontal workspace in a 2D virtual reality environment, and we compared reaction time across two groups: those selecting which hand to use on a trial-by-trial basis (termed the choice group) and those performing the task with a preassigned hand (the no-choice group). Along with reaction time, we also compared reach performance for each group across two ipsilateral workspaces: medial and lateral. We observed a significant difference in reaction time between the hands in the choice group, regardless of workspace. In contrast, both hands showed shorter but similar reaction times and differences between the lateral and medial workspaces in the no-choice group. We conclude that the shorter reaction times of the dominant hand under choice conditions may be due to dominant hand bias in the selection process that is not dependent upon interlimb performance differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Dexheimer
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, 16802, University Park, USA.
| | - Andrzej Przybyla
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, GA, USA
| | - Terrence E Murphy
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Selcuk Akpinar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Nevsehir Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Robert Sainburg
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, 16802, University Park, USA.,Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Maurus P, Kurtzer I, Antonawich R, Cluff T. Similar stretch reflexes and behavioral patterns are expressed by the dominant and nondominant arms during postural control. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:743-762. [PMID: 34320868 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00152.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb dominance is evident in many daily activities, leading to the prominent idea that each hemisphere of the brain specializes in controlling different aspects of movement. Past studies suggest that the dominant arm is primarily controlled via an internal model of limb dynamics that enables the nervous system to produce efficient movements. In contrast, the nondominant arm may be primarily controlled via impedance mechanisms that rely on the strong modulation of sensory feedback from individual joints to control limb posture. We tested whether such differences are evident in behavioral responses and stretch reflexes following sudden displacement of the arm during posture control. Experiment 1 applied specific combinations of elbow-shoulder torque perturbations (the same for all participants). Peak joint displacements, return times, end point accuracy, and the directional tuning and amplitude of stretch reflexes in nearly all muscles were not statistically different between the two arms. Experiment 2 induced specific combinations of joint motion (the same for all participants). Again, peak joint displacements, return times, end point accuracy, and the directional tuning and amplitude of stretch reflexes in nearly all muscles did not differ statistically when countering the imposed loads with each arm. Moderate to strong correlations were found between stretch reflexes and behavioral responses to the perturbations with the two arms across both experiments. Collectively, the results do not support the idea that the dominant arm specializes in exploiting internal models and the nondominant arm in impedance control by increasing reflex gains to counter sudden loads imposed on the arms during posture control.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A prominent hypothesis is that the nervous system controls the dominant arm through predictive internal models and the nondominant arm through impedance mechanisms. We tested whether stretch reflexes of muscles in the two arms also display such specialization during posture control. Nearly all behavioral responses and stretch reflexes did not differ statistically but were strongly correlated between the arms. The results indicate individual signatures of feedback control that are common for the two arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Maurus
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Isaac Kurtzer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Ryan Antonawich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Tyler Cluff
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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6
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Comstock DC, Ross JM, Balasubramaniam R. Modality-specific frequency band activity during neural entrainment to auditory and visual rhythms. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4649-4669. [PMID: 34008232 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rhythm perception depends on the ability to predict the onset of rhythmic events. Previous studies indicate beta band modulation is involved in predicting the onset of auditory rhythmic events (Fujioka et al., 2009, 2012; Snyder & Large, 2005). We sought to determine if similar processes are recruited for prediction of visual rhythms by investigating whether beta band activity plays a role in a modality-dependent manner for rhythm perception. We looked at electroencephalography time-frequency neural correlates of prediction using an omission paradigm with auditory and visual rhythms. By using omissions, we can separate out predictive timing activity from stimulus-driven activity. We hypothesized that there would be modality-independent markers of rhythm prediction in induced beta band oscillatory activity, and our results support this hypothesis. We find induced and evoked predictive timing in both auditory and visual modalities. Additionally, we performed an exploratory-independent components-based spatial clustering analysis, and describe all resulting clusters. This analysis reveals that there may be overlapping networks of predictive beta activity based on common activation in the parietal and right frontal regions, auditory-specific predictive beta in bilateral sensorimotor regions, and visually specific predictive beta in midline central, and bilateral temporal/parietal regions. This analysis also shows evoked predictive beta activity in the left sensorimotor region specific to auditory rhythms and implicates modality-dependent networks for auditory and visual rhythm perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Comstock
- Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Jessica M Ross
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Dexheimer B, Sainburg R. When the non-dominant arm dominates: the effects of visual information and task experience on speed-accuracy advantages. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:655-665. [PMID: 33388816 PMCID: PMC8063124 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-06011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Speed accuracy trade-off, the inverse relationship between movement speed and task accuracy, is a ubiquitous feature of skilled motor performance. Many previous studies have focused on the dominant arm, unimanual performance in both simple tasks, such as target reaching, and complex tasks, such as overarm throwing. However, while handedness is a prominent feature of human motor performance, the effect of limb dominance on speed-accuracy relationships is not well-understood. Based on previous research, we hypothesize that dominant arm skilled performance should depend on visual information and prior task experience, and that the non-dominant arm should show greater skill when no visual information nor prior task information is available. Forty right-handed young adults reached to 32 randomly presented targets across a virtual reality workspace with either the left or the right arm. Half of the participants received no visual feedback about hand position throughout each reach. Sensory information and task experience were lowest during the first cycle of exposure (32 reaches) in the no-vision condition, in which visual information about motion was not available. Under this condition, we found that the left arm group showed greater skill, measured in terms of position error normalized to speed, and by error variability. However, as task experience and sensory information increased, the right arm group showed substantial improvements in speed-accuracy relations, while the left arm group maintained, but did not improve, speed-accuracy relations throughout the task. These differences in performance between dominant and non-dominant arm groups during the separate stages of the task are consistent with complimentary models of lateralization, which propose different proficiencies of each hemisphere for different features of control. Our results are incompatible with global dominance models of handedness that propose dominant arm advantages under all performance conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Dexheimer
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, 27 Rec Hall, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Robert Sainburg
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, 27 Rec Hall, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Jayasinghe SA, Sarlegna FR, Scheidt RA, Sainburg RL. Somatosensory deafferentation reveals lateralized roles of proprioception in feedback and adaptive feedforward control of movement and posture. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 19:141-147. [PMID: 36569335 PMCID: PMC9788652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proprioception provides crucial information necessary for determining limb position and movement, and plausibly also for updating internal models that might underlie the control of movement and posture. Seminal studies of upper-limb movements in individuals living with chronic, large fiber deafferentation have provided evidence for the role of proprioceptive information in the hypothetical formation and maintenance of internal models to produce accurate motor commands. Vision also contributes to sensorimotor functions but cannot fully compensate for proprioceptive deficits. More recent work has shown that posture and movement control processes are lateralized in the brain, and that proprioception plays a fundamental role in coordinating the contributions of these processes to the control of goal-directed actions. In fact, the behavior of each limb in a deafferented individual resembles the action of a controller in isolation. Proprioception, thus, provides state estimates necessary for the nervous system to efficiently coordinate multiple motor control processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanie A.L. Jayasinghe
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, U.S.A
| | | | - Robert A. Scheidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, U.S.A.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | - Robert L. Sainburg
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, U.S.A.,Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, U.S.A
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9
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Are the predictions of the dynamic dominance model of laterality applicable to the lower limbs? Hum Mov Sci 2020; 73:102684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2020.102684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Asymmetric interlateral transfer of motor learning in unipedal dynamic balance. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:2745-2751. [PMID: 32979050 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Interlateral transfer of learning between the legs in body balance training is a topic of theoretical and practical interest, but it has been left untouched in previous research. In this investigation, we aimed to evaluate the magnitude and asymmetry of interlateral transfer of balance stability following the practice of a challenging task of unipedal support on an unstable base. Thirty participants (18-30 years old) were assigned to two groups practicing either with the right or the left leg. Training consisted of a single practice session of unipedal balance on a platform free to sway in the anteroposterior direction. Balance time (off ground) of either leg in 10-s trials was compared across pre-test, post-test, and 7-day retention. Post-test indicated that both groups had similar performance gains with the trained leg, and equivalent transfer to the transfer leg. Analysis of retention indicated further balance improvement with both transfer legs, while practice with the right leg led to the superior transfer to the untrained leg as compared to the opposite transfer direction. These results suggest that persistent transfer of learning effects for unipedal dynamic balance is bilateral but more prominent in the right-to-left direction.
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11
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Jayasinghe SAL, Sarlegna FR, Scheidt RA, Sainburg RL. The neural foundations of handedness: insights from a rare case of deafferentation. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:259-267. [PMID: 32579409 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00150.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of proprioceptive feedback on motor lateralization remains unclear. We asked whether motor lateralization is dependent on proprioceptive feedback by examining a rare case of proprioceptive deafferentation (GL). Motor lateralization is thought to arise from asymmetries in neural organization, particularly at the cortical level. For example, we have previously provided evidence that the left hemisphere mediates optimal motor control that allows execution of smooth and efficient arm trajectories, while the right hemisphere mediates impedance control that can achieve stable and accurate final arm postures. The role of proprioception in both of these processes has previously been demonstrated empirically, bringing into question whether loss of proprioception will disrupt lateralization of motor performance. In this study, we assessed whether the loss of online sensory information produces deficits in integrating specific control contributions from each hemisphere by using a reaching task to examine upper limb kinematics in GL and five age-matched controls. Behavioral findings revealed differential deficits in the control of the left and right hands in GL and performance deficits in each of GL's hands compared with controls. Computational simulations can explain the behavioral results as a disruption in the integration of postural and trajectory control mechanisms when no somatosensory information is available. This rare case of proprioceptive deafferentation provides insights into developing a more accurate understanding of handedness that emphasizes the role of proprioception in both predictive and feedback control mechanisms.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The role of proprioceptive feedback on the lateralization of motor control mechanisms is unclear. We examined upper limb kinematics in a rare case of peripheral deafferentation to determine the role of sensory information in integrating motor control mechanisms from each hemisphere. Our empirical findings and computational simulations showed that the loss of somatosensory information results in an impaired integration of control mechanisms, thus providing support for a complementary dominance hypothesis of handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A L Jayasinghe
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - F R Sarlegna
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
| | - R A Scheidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - R L Sainburg
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
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12
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Promsri A, Haid T, Werner I, Federolf P. Leg Dominance Effects on Postural Control When Performing Challenging Balance Exercises. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E128. [PMID: 32106392 PMCID: PMC7139434 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Leg dominance reflects the preferential use of one leg over another and is typically attributed to asymmetries in the neural circuitry. Detecting leg dominance effects on motor behavior, particularly during balancing exercises, has proven difficult. The current study applied a principal component analysis (PCA) on kinematic data, to assess bilateral asymmetry on the coordinative structure (hypothesis H1) or on the control characteristics of specific movement components (hypothesis H2). Marker-based motion tracking was performed on 26 healthy adults (aged 25.3 ± 4.1 years), who stood unipedally on a multiaxial unstable board, in a randomized order, on their dominant and non-dominant leg. Leg dominance was defined as the kicking leg. PCA was performed to determine patterns of correlated segment movements ("principal movements" PMks). The control of each PMk was characterized by assessing its acceleration (second-time derivative). Results were inconclusive regarding a leg-dominance effect on the coordinative structure of balancing movements (H1 inconclusive); however, different control (p = 0.005) was observed in PM3, representing a diagonal plane movement component (H2 was supported). These findings supported that leg dominance effects should be considered when assessing or training lower-limb neuromuscular control and suggest that specific attention should be given to diagonal plane movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunee Promsri
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria; (A.P.); (T.H.); (I.W.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Thomas Haid
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria; (A.P.); (T.H.); (I.W.)
| | - Inge Werner
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria; (A.P.); (T.H.); (I.W.)
| | - Peter Federolf
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria; (A.P.); (T.H.); (I.W.)
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13
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Srinivasan GA, Embar T, Sainburg R. Interlimb differences in coordination of rapid wrist/forearm movements. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:713-725. [PMID: 32060564 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously proposed a model of motor lateralization that attributes specialization for predictive control of intersegmental coordination to the dominant hemisphere/limb system, and control of limb impedance to the non-dominant system. This hypothesis was developed based on visually targeted discrete reaching movement made predominantly with the shoulder and elbow joints. The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether dominant arm advantages for multi-degree of freedom coordination also occur during continuous distal movements of the wrist that do not involve visual guidance. In other words, are the advantages of the dominant arm restricted to controlling intersegmental coordination during discrete visually targeted reaching movements, or are they more generally related to coordination of multiple degrees of freedom at other joints, regardless of whether the movements are discrete or invoke visual guidance? Eight right-handed participants were instructed to perform alternating wrist ulnar/radial deviation movements at two instructed speeds, slow and fast, with the dominant or the non-dominant arm, and were instructed not to rotate the forearm (pronation/supination) or move the wrist up and down (flexion/extension). This was explained by slowly and passively moving the wrist in each plane during the instructions. Because all the muscles that cross the wrist have moment arms with respect to more than one axis of rotation, intermuscular coordination is required to prevent motion about non-instructed axes of rotation. We included two conditions, a very slow condition, as a control condition, to demonstrate understanding of the task, and an as-fast-as-possible condition to challenge predictive aspect of control, which we hypothesize are specialized to the dominant controller. Our results indicated that during as-fast-as-possible conditions the non-dominant arm incorporated significantly more non-instructed motion, which resulted in greater circumduction at the non-dominant than the dominant wrist. These findings extend the dynamic dominance hypothesis, indicating that the dominant hemisphere-arm system is specialized for predictive control of multiple degrees of freedom, even in movements of the distal arm and made in the absence of visual guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautum A Srinivasan
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, Rec Hall 27, Burrowes Rd., University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Tarika Embar
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, Rec Hall 27, Burrowes Rd., University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Robert Sainburg
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, Rec Hall 27, Burrowes Rd., University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Department of Neurology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
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14
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Right cerebral hemisphere specialization for quiet and perturbed body balance control: Evidence from unilateral stroke. Hum Mov Sci 2018; 57:374-387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Mojtahedi K, Fu Q, Santello M. On the Role of Physical Interaction on Performance of Object Manipulation by Dyads. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:533. [PMID: 29163109 PMCID: PMC5673979 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human physical interactions can be intrapersonal, e.g., manipulating an object bimanually, or interpersonal, e.g., transporting an object with another person. In both cases, one or two agents are required to coordinate their limbs to attain the task goal. We investigated the physical coordination of two hands during an object-balancing task performed either bimanually by one agent or jointly by two agents. The task consisted of a series of static (holding) and dynamic (moving) phases, initiated by auditory cues. We found that task performance of dyads was not affected by different pairings of dominant and non-dominant hands. However, the spatial configuration of the two agents (side-by-side vs. face-to-face) appears to play an important role, such that dyads performed better side-by-side than face-to-face. Furthermore, we demonstrated that only individuals with worse solo performance can benefit from interpersonal coordination through physical couplings, whereas the better individuals do not. The present work extends ongoing investigations on human-human physical interactions by providing new insights about factors that influence dyadic performance. Our findings could potentially impact several areas, including robotic-assisted therapies, sensorimotor learning and human performance augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Mojtahedi
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Qiushi Fu
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Marco Santello
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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16
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Craighead DH, Shank SW, Gottschall JS, Passe DH, Murray B, Alexander LM, Kenney WL. Ingestion of transient receptor potential channel agonists attenuates exercise-induced muscle cramps. Muscle Nerve 2017; 56:379-385. [PMID: 28192854 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise-associated muscle cramping (EAMC) is a poorly understood problem that is neuromuscular in origin. Ingestion of transient receptor potential (TRP) channel agonists has been efficacious in attenuating electrically induced muscle cramps. This study examines the effect of TRP agonist ingestion on voluntarily induced EAMC and motor function. METHODS Study 1: Thirty-nine participants completed 2 trials after ingesting TRP agonist-containing active treatment (A), or vehicle (V) control. Cramping in the triceps surae muscle was induced via voluntary isometric contraction. Study 2: After ingesting A or V, 31 participants performed kinematic and psychomotor tests of manual dexterity. RESULTS A increased precramp contraction duration (A, 36.9 ± 4.1 s; V, 27.8 ± 3.1 s), decreased cramp EMG area under the curve (A, 37.3 ± 7.7 %EMGmax ·s; V, 77.2 ± 17.7 %EMGmax ·s), increased contraction force to produce the cramp (A, 13.8 ± 1.8 kg; V, 9.9 ± 1.6 kg), and decreased postcramp soreness (A, 4.1 ± 0.3 arbitrary units (a.u.); V, 4.7 ± 0.3 a.u.). Kinematic and psychomotor tests were not affected. DISCUSSION TRP agonist ingestion attenuated EAMC characteristics without affecting motor function. Muscle Nerve 56: 379-385, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Craighead
- Department of Kinesiology, Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Sean W Shank
- Department of Kinesiology, Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Jinger S Gottschall
- Department of Kinesiology, Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | | | - Bob Murray
- Sports Science Insights, LLC, Crystal lake, Illinois, USA
| | - Lacy M Alexander
- Department of Kinesiology, Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - W Larry Kenney
- Department of Kinesiology, Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
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17
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Interlimb differences in coordination of unsupported reaching movements. Neuroscience 2017; 350:54-64. [PMID: 28344068 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that interlimb differences in coordination associated with handedness might result from specialized control mechanisms that are subserved by different cerebral hemispheres. Based largely on the results of horizontal plane reaching studies, we have proposed that the hemisphere contralateral to the dominant arm is specialized for predictive control of limb dynamics, while the non-dominant hemisphere is specialized for controlling limb impedance. The current study explores interlimb differences in control of 3-D unsupported reaching movements. While the task was presented in the horizontal plane, participant's arms were unsupported and free to move within a range of the vertical axis, which was redundant to the task plane. Results indicated significant dominant arm advantages for both initial direction accuracy and final position accuracy. The dominant arm showed greater excursion along a redundant axis that was perpendicular to the task, and parallel to gravitational forces. In contrast, the non-dominant arm better impeded motion out of the task-plane. Nevertheless, non-dominant arm task errors varied substantially more with shoulder rotation excursion than did dominant arm task errors. These findings suggest that the dominant arm controller was able to take advantage of the redundant degrees of freedom of the task, while non-dominant task errors appeared enslaved to motion along the redundant axis. These findings are consistent with a dominant controller that is specialized for intersegmental coordination, and a non-dominant controller that is specialized for impedance control. However, the findings are inconsistent with previously documented conclusions from planar tasks, in which non-dominant control leads to greater final position accuracy.
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18
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Sainburg RL, Liew SL, Frey SH, Clark F. Promoting Translational Research Among Movement Science, Occupational Science, and Occupational Therapy. J Mot Behav 2017; 49:1-7. [PMID: 28166469 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2016.1271299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Integration of research in the fields of neural control of movement and biomechanics (collectively referred to as movement science) with the field of human occupation directly benefits both areas of study. Specifically, incorporating many of the quantitative scientific methods and analyses employed in movement science can help accelerate the development of rehabilitation-relevant research in occupational therapy (OT) and occupational science (OS). Reciprocally, OT and OS, which focus on the performance of everyday activities (occupations) to promote health and well-being, provide theoretical frameworks to guide research on the performance of actions in the context of social, psychological, and environmental factors. Given both fields' mutual interest in the study of movement as it relates to health and disease, the authors posit that combining OS and OT theories and principles with the theories and methods in movement science may lead to new, impactful, and clinically relevant knowledge. The first step is to ensure that individuals with OS or OT backgrounds are academically prepared to pursue advanced study in movement science. In this article, the authors propose 2 strategies to address this need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Sainburg
- a Department of Kinesiology , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , PA.,b Department of Neurology , Penn State College of Medicine , Hershey , PA
| | - Sook-Lei Liew
- c Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA.,d Division of Physical Therapy and Biokinesiology, University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA.,e Keck Department of Neurology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Scott H Frey
- f Department of Psychological Sciences , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO
| | - Florence Clark
- c Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA
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19
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Sainburg RL, Schaefer SY, Yadav V. Lateralized motor control processes determine asymmetry of interlimb transfer. Neuroscience 2016; 334:26-38. [PMID: 27491479 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This experiment tested the hypothesis that interlimb transfer of motor performance depends on recruitment of motor control processes that are specialized to the hemisphere contralateral to the arm that is initially trained. Right-handed participants performed a single-joint task, in which reaches were targeted to 4 different distances. While the speed and accuracy was similar for both hands, the underlying control mechanisms used to vary movement speed with distance were systematically different between the arms: the amplitude of the initial acceleration profiles scaled greater with movement speed for the right-dominant arm, while the duration of the initial acceleration profile scaled greater with movement speed for the left-non-dominant arm. These two processes were previously shown to be differentially disrupted by left and right hemisphere damage, respectively. We now hypothesize that task practice with the right arm might reinforce left-hemisphere mechanisms that vary acceleration amplitude with distance, while practice with the left arm might reinforce right-hemisphere mechanisms that vary acceleration duration with distance. We thus predict that following right arm practice, the left arm should show increased contributions of acceleration amplitude to peak velocities, and following left arm practice, the right arm should show increased contributions of acceleration duration to peak velocities. Our findings support these predictions, indicating that asymmetry in interlimb transfer of motor performance, at least in the task used here, depends on recruitment of lateralized motor control processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Sainburg
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Kinesiology, United States; Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Neurology, United States.
| | - Sydney Y Schaefer
- Arizona State University, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, United States
| | - Vivek Yadav
- Stony Brook University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, United States
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20
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Sainburg RL, Maenza C, Winstein C, Good D. Motor Lateralization Provides a Foundation for Predicting and Treating Non-paretic Arm Motor Deficits in Stroke. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 957:257-272. [PMID: 28035570 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47313-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Brain lateralization is a ubiquitous feature of neural organization across the vertebrate spectrum. We have developed a model of motor lateralization that attributes different motor control processes to each cerebral hemisphere. This bilateral hemispheric model of motor control has successfully predicted hemisphere-specific motor control and motor learning deficits in the ipsilesional, or non-paretic, arm of patients with unilateral stroke. We now show across large number and range of stroke patients that these motor performance deficits in the non-paretic arm of stroke patients vary with both the side of the lesion, as well as with the severity of contralesional impairment. This last point can be functionally devastating for patients with severe contralesional paresis because for these individuals, performance of upper extremity activities of daily living depends primarily and often exclusively on ipsilesional arm function. We present a pilot study focused on improving the speed and coordination of ipsilesional arm function in a convenience sample of three stroke patients with severe contralesional impairment. Over a three-week period, patients received a total of nine 1.5 h sessions of training that included intense practice of virtual reality and real-life tasks. Our results indicated substantial improvements in ipsilesional arm movement kinematics, functional performance, and that these improvements carried over to improve functional independence. In addition, the contralesional arm improved in our measure of contralesional impairment, which was likely due to improved participation in activities of daily living. We discuss of our findings for physical rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Sainburg
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 29 Rec Building, Biomechanics Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Candice Maenza
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 29 Rec Building, Biomechanics Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA.,Department of Neurology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carolee Winstein
- Department of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Good
- Department of Neurology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Aoki T, Rivlis G, Schieber MH. Handedness and index finger movements performed on a small touchscreen. J Neurophysiol 2015; 115:858-67. [PMID: 26683065 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00256.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies of right/left differences in motor performance related to handedness have employed tasks that use arm movements or combined arm and hand movements rather than movements of the fingers per se, the well-known exception being rhythmic finger tapping. We therefore explored four simple tasks performed on a small touchscreen with relatively isolated movements of the index finger. Each task revealed a different right/left performance asymmetry. In a step-tracking Target Task, left-handed subjects showed greater accuracy with the index finger of the dominant left hand than with the nondominant right hand. In a Center-Out Task, right-handed subjects produced trajectories with the nondominant left hand that had greater curvature than those produced with the dominant right hand. In a continuous Circle Tracking Task, slips of the nondominant left index finger showed higher jerk than slips of the dominant right index finger. And in a continuous Complex Tracking Task, the nondominant left index finger showed shorter time lags in tracking the relatively unpredictable target than the dominant right index finger. Our findings are broadly consistent with previous studies indicating left hemisphere specialization for dynamic control and predictable situations vs. right hemisphere specialization for impedance control and unpredictable situations, the specialized contributions of the two hemispheres being combined to different degrees in the right vs. left hands of right-handed vs. left-handed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Aoki
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan;
| | - Gil Rivlis
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Marc H Schieber
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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22
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Fitts’s Law using lower extremity movement: Performance driven outcomes for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Hum Mov Sci 2015; 44:277-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Arm dominance affects feedforward strategy more than feedback sensitivity during a postural task. Exp Brain Res 2015; 233:2001-11. [PMID: 25850407 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Handedness is a feature of human motor control that is still not fully understood. Recent work has demonstrated that the dominant and nondominant arm each excel at different behaviors and has proposed that this behavioral asymmetry arises from lateralization in the cerebral cortex: the dominant side specializes in predictive trajectory control, while the nondominant side is specialized for impedance control. Long-latency stretch reflexes are an automatic mechanism for regulating posture and have been shown to contribute to limb impedance. To determine whether long-latency reflexes also contribute to asymmetric motor behavior in the upper limbs, we investigated the effect of arm dominance on stretch reflexes during a postural task that required varying degrees of impedance control. Our results demonstrated slightly but significantly larger reflex responses in the biarticular muscles of the nondominant arm, as would be consistent with increased impedance control. These differences were attributed solely to higher levels of voluntary background activity in the nondominant biarticular muscles, indicating that feedforward strategies for postural stability may differ between arms. Reflex sensitivity, which was defined as the magnitude of the reflex response for matched levels of background activity, was not significantly different between arms for a broad subject population ranging from 23 to 51 years of age. These results indicate that inter-arm differences in feedforward strategies are more influential during posture than differences in feedback sensitivity, in a broad subject population. Interestingly, restricting our analysis to subjects under 40 years of age revealed a small increase in long-latency reflex sensitivity in the nondominant arm relative to the dominant arm. Though our subject numbers were small for this secondary analysis, it suggests that further studies may be required to assess the influence of reflex lateralization throughout development.
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Abstract
The authors previously reported that asymmetrical patterns of hand preference are updated and modified by present sensorimotor conditions. They examined whether participation in long-term training in the upper extremity sport fencing might modify arm selection and performance asymmetries. Eight fencers and eight nonfencers performed reaching movements under 3 experimental conditions: (a) nonchoice right, (b) nonchoice left, and (c) choice, either right or left arm as selected by subject. The nonchoice conditions allowed assessment of potential interlimb differences in movement performance, while the choice condition allowed assessment of the frequency and pattern of arm selection across subject groups. Our findings showed that the athlete group showed substantially greater symmetry in the performance and selection measures. These findings suggest that arm selection and performance asymmetries can be altered by intense long-term practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcuk Akpinar
- a Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education , Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University , Turkey
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