Hyper-Formation of GABA and Glycine Co-Releasing Terminals in the Mouse Cerebellar Nuclei after Deprivation of GABAergic Inputs from Purkinje Cells

Screening system for assessing suitability of cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic low back pain

An objective method to evaluate patient suitability for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for chronic low back pain (LBP) is currently lacking. Inappropriate application can result in prolonged hospital visits and increased medical costs. Therefore, identifying an objective biomarker for evaluating suitability is crucial. This study focused on electroencephalogram (EEG) complexity as a potential biomarker for evaluating CBT suitability for chronic LBP, assessing its discriminative ability and identifying factors that impede treatment. Complexity was analyzed as multiscale fuzzy sample entropy (MFSE). Fifty patients with suspected psychosocial factors causing LBP along with 20 healthy volunteers were included. The analysis included 25 responders and 25 non-responders for CBT. MFSE showed significant effects of scale factor [F(19,171) = 14.82, p < 0.01, partial η2 = 0.622] and interaction between group and scale factor [F(38,171) = 7.34, p < 0.01, partial η2 = 0.620]. The low-frequency band MFSE score had an odds ratio of 10.768 (95% confidence interval: 8.263-10.044, p < 0.001). The low-frequency band showed a high discriminative ability (area under the curve: 0.825), with a cut-off value of 1.25. The low-frequency FMSE is a superior biomarker for predicting suitability for CBT. This method can quickly evaluate suitability, reducing the burden on medical professionals and patients, and lowering medical costs.

BOD1 regulates the cerebellar IV/V lobe-fastigial nucleus circuit associated with motor coordination

Cerebellar ataxias are characterized by a progressive decline in motor coordination, but the specific output circuits and underlying pathological mechanism remain poorly understood. Through cell-type-specific manipulations, we discovered a novel GABAergic Purkinje cell (PC) circuit in the cerebellar IV/V lobe that projected to CaMKIIα⁺ neurons in the fastigial nucleus (FN), which regulated sensorimotor coordination. Furthermore, transcriptomics profiling analysis revealed various cerebellar neuronal identities, and we validated that biorientation defective 1 (BOD1) played an important role in the circuit of IV/V lobe to FN. BOD1 deficit in PCs of IV/V lobe attenuated the excitability and spine density of PCs, accompany with ataxia behaviors. Instead, BOD1 enrichment in PCs of IV/V lobe reversed the hyperexcitability of CaMKIIα⁺ neurons in the FN and ameliorated ataxia behaviors in L7-Cre; BOD1^f/f mice. Together, these findings further suggest that specific regulation of the cerebellar IV/V lobe^PCs→ FN^CaMKIIα+ circuit might provide neuromodulatory targets for the treatment of ataxia behaviors.