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Momiyama T, Nishijo T, Suzuki E, Kitamura K. Synaptic and membrane properties of cholinergic interneurons in the striatum of aristaless-related homeobox gene mutant mice. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39287775 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
A whole-cell patch-clamp study was carried out to investigate membrane and synaptic properties of cholinergic interneurons in the striatum of aristaless-related homeobox gene (ARX) mutant mice. Brain slices were prepared from mice knocked in two types of ARX, P355L (PL) and 333ins (GCG)7 (GCG). The input resistance of cholinergic interneurons in PL or GCG mice was significantly smaller than that in wild type (WT), whereas resting membrane potential, threshold of action potentials, spontaneous firing rate, sag ratio or afterhyperpolarization of the mutant mice were not significantly different from those of WT mice. In GCG mice, NMDA/AMPA ratio of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) evoked in cholinergic interneurons was significantly smaller than that in WT and PL mice, whereas the ratio between PL and WT mice was not significantly different. Although inhibitory effects induced by dopamine D2-like receptor activation on the inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) were not significantly different between WT and PL or GCG mice, increase in the paired pulse ratio of IPSCs by dopamine D2-like receptor activation was abolished in PL and GCG mice. The present results have found abnormalities of neuronal activities as well as its modulation in the basal ganglia in ARX mutant mice, clarifying basic mechanisms underlying related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Momiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Nishijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Etsuko Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Kitamura
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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Manifestations of Intellectual Disability, Dystonia, and Parkinson's Disease in an Adult Patient with ARX Gene Mutation c.558_560dup p.(Pro187dup). Case Rep Genet 2023; 2023:3636748. [PMID: 36816814 PMCID: PMC9935879 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3636748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a 38-year-old male patient with intellectual disability and progressive motor symptoms who lacked an etiological diagnosis for many years. Finally, clinical exome sequencing showed a likely pathogenic variant of the ARX gene suggesting Partington syndrome. His main symptoms were mild intellectual disability, severe kinetic apraxia, resting and action tremor, dysarthria, tonic pupils, constant dystonia of one upper limb, and focal dystonia in different parts of the body, axial rigidity, spasticity, epilepsy, and poor sleep. Another likely pathogenic gene variant was observed in the PKP2 gene and is in accordance with the observed early cardiomyopathy. Single-photon emission computed tomography imaging of dopamine transporters showed a reduced signal in the basal ganglia consistent with Parkinson's disease. Therapies with a variable number of drugs, including antiparkinsonian medications, have yielded poor responses. Our case report extends the picture of the adult phenotype of Partington syndrome.
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Drongitis D, Caterino M, Verrillo L, Santonicola P, Costanzo M, Poeta L, Attianese B, Barra A, Terrone G, Lioi MB, Paladino S, Di Schiavi E, Costa V, Ruoppolo M, Miano MG. Deregulation of microtubule organization and RNA metabolism in Arx models for lissencephaly and developmental epileptic encephalopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:1884-1908. [PMID: 35094084 PMCID: PMC9169459 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia (XLAG) and developmental epileptic encephalopathy-1 (DEE1) are caused by mutations in the Aristaless-related homeobox (ARX) gene, which encodes a transcription factor responsible for brain development. It has been unknown whether the phenotypically diverse XLAG and DEE1 phenotypes may converge on shared pathways. To address this question, a label-free quantitative proteomic approach was applied to the neonatal brain of Arx knockout (ArxKO/Y) and knock-in polyalanine (Arx(GCG)7/Y) mice that are respectively models for XLAG and DEE1. Gene ontology and protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that cytoskeleton, protein synthesis and splicing control are deregulated in an allelic-dependent manner. Decreased α-tubulin content was observed both in Arx mice and Arx/alr-1(KO) Caenorhabditis elegans ,and a disorganized neurite network in murine primary neurons was consistent with an allelic-dependent secondary tubulinopathy. As distinct features of Arx(GCG)7/Y mice, we detected eIF4A2 overexpression and translational suppression in cortex and primary neurons. Allelic-dependent differences were also established in alternative splicing (AS) regulated by PUF60 and SAM68. Abnormal AS repertoires in Neurexin-1, a gene encoding multiple pre-synaptic organizers implicated in synaptic remodelling, were detected in Arx/alr-1(KO) animals and in Arx(GCG)7/Y epileptogenic brain areas and depolarized cortical neurons. Consistent with a conserved role of ARX in modulating AS, we propose that the allelic-dependent secondary synaptopathy results from an aberrant Neurexin-1 repertoire. Overall, our data reveal alterations mirroring the overlapping and variant effects caused by null and polyalanine expanded mutations in ARX. The identification of these effects can aid in the design of pathway-guided therapy for ARX endophenotypes and NDDs with overlapping comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Drongitis
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ``Adriano Buzzati-Traverso'', National Research Council of Italy, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Caterino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Verrillo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ``Adriano Buzzati-Traverso'', National Research Council of Italy, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Pamela Santonicola
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Poeta
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ``Adriano Buzzati-Traverso'', National Research Council of Italy, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Benedetta Attianese
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ``Adriano Buzzati-Traverso'', National Research Council of Italy, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Barra
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ``Adriano Buzzati-Traverso'', National Research Council of Italy, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Terrone
- Department of Translational Medicine, Child Neurology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Elia Di Schiavi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ``Adriano Buzzati-Traverso'', National Research Council of Italy, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Giuseppina Miano
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ``Adriano Buzzati-Traverso'', National Research Council of Italy, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Accogli A, El Kosseifi C, Saint-Martin C, Addour-Boudrahem N, Rivière JB, Toffoli D, Lopez I, Qian C, Koenekoop RK, Srour M. PCDH12 variants are associated with basal ganglia anomalies and exudative vitreoretinopathy. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 65:104405. [PMID: 34929393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PCDH12 is a member of the non-clustered protocadherins that mediate cell-cell adhesion, playing crucial roles in many biological processes. Among these, PCDH12 promotes cell-cell interactions at inter-endothelial junctions, exerting essential functions in vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. However, its exact role in eye vascular and brain development is not completely understood. To date, biallelic loss of function variants in PCDH12 have been associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the typical neuroradiological findings of diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia and intracranial calcifications, whereas heterozygous variants have been recently linked to isolated brain calcifications in absence of cognitive impairment or other brain malformations. Recently, the phenotypic spectrum associated with PCDH12 deficiency has been expanded including cerebellar and eye abnormalities. Here, we report two female siblings harboring a novel frameshift homozygous variant (c.2169delT, p.(Val724TyrfsTer8)) in PCDH12. In addition to the typical diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia, brain MRI showed dysmorphic basal ganglia and thalamus that were reminiscent of a tubulin-like phenotype, mild cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and extensive prominence of perivascular spaces in both siblings. The oldest sister developed profound and progressive monocular visual loss and the eye exam revealed exudative vitreoretinopathy. Similar but milder eye changes were also noted in her younger sister. In summary, our report expands the clinical (brain and ocular) spectrum of PCDH12-related disorders and adds a further line of evidence underscoring the important role of PCDH12 in retinal vascular and brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Accogli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Charbel El Kosseifi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, QC, H4A 3J1, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christine Saint-Martin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela Toffoli
- McGill University Health Center (MUHC) Research Institute, QC, H4A 3J1, Montreal, Canada; Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics, and Adult Ophthalmology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Irma Lopez
- McGill University Health Center (MUHC) Research Institute, QC, H4A 3J1, Montreal, Canada; Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics, and Adult Ophthalmology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cynthia Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert K Koenekoop
- McGill University Health Center (MUHC) Research Institute, QC, H4A 3J1, Montreal, Canada; Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics, and Adult Ophthalmology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Health Center (MUHC) Research Institute, QC, H4A 3J1, Montreal, Canada
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Benmakhlouf Y, Touraine R, Harzallah I, Zian Z, Ben Makhlouf K, Barakat A, Ghailani Nourouti N, Bennani Mechita M. Screening of the duplication 24 pb of ARX gene in Moroccan patients with X-linked Intellectual Disability. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:110. [PMID: 33757564 PMCID: PMC7988900 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intellectual Disability (ID) represents a neuropsychiatric disorder, which its etiopathogenesis remains insufficiently understood. Mutations in the Aristaless Related Homeobox gene (ARX) have been identified to cause syndromic and nonsyndromic (NS-ID). The most recurrent mutation of this gene is a duplication of 24pb, c.428-451dup. Epidemiological and genetic studies about ID in the Moroccan population remain very scarce, and none study is carried out on the ARX gene. This work aimed to study c.428-451dup (24 bp) mutation in the exon 2 of the ARX gene in 118 males' Moroccan patients with milder NS-ID to evaluate if the gene screening is a good tool for identifying NS-ID. RESULTS Our mutational analysis did not show any dup(24pb) in our patients. This is because based on findings from previous studies that found ARX mutations in 70% of families with NS-ID, and in most cases, 1.5-6.1% of individuals with NS-ID have this duplication. Since 1/118 = 0.0084 (0.84%) is not much different from 1.5%, then it is reasonable that this could a sample size artifact. A complete screening of the entire ARX gene, including the five exons, should be fulfilled. Further investigations are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra Benmakhlouf
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaadi, P.B.:416, Tangier, Morocco.
| | | | - Ines Harzallah
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, CHU, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Zeineb Zian
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaadi, P.B.:416, Tangier, Morocco
| | | | - Amina Barakat
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaadi, P.B.:416, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Naima Ghailani Nourouti
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaadi, P.B.:416, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Mohcine Bennani Mechita
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaadi, P.B.:416, Tangier, Morocco
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Vidailhet M, Méneret A, Roze E. Dystonia: genetics, phenomenology, and pathophysiology. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:881-882. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yang J, Liu A, He I, Bai Y. Bioinformatics Analysis Revealed Novel 3'UTR Variants Associated with Intellectual Disability. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11090998. [PMID: 32858868 PMCID: PMC7563394 DOI: 10.3390/genes11090998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (or miRNAs) are short nucleotide sequences (~17–22 bp long) that play important roles in gene regulation through targeting genes in the 3′untranslated regions (UTRs). Variants located in genomic regions might have different biological consequences in changing gene expression. Exonic variants (e.g., coding variant and 3′UTR variant) are often causative of diseases due to their influence on gene product. Variants harbored in the 3′UTR region where miRNAs perform their targeting function could potentially alter the binding relationships for target pairs, which could relate to disease causation. We gathered miRNA–mRNA targeting pairs from published studies and then employed the database of microRNA Target Site single nucleotide variants (SNVs) (dbMTS) to discover novel SNVs within the selected pairs. We identified a total of 183 SNVs for the 114 pairs of accurate miRNA–mRNA targeting pairs selected. Detailed bioinformatics analysis of the three genes with identified variants that were exclusively located in the 3′UTR section indicated their association with intellectual disability (ID). Our result showed an exceptionally high expression of GPR88 in brain tissues based on GTEx gene expression data, while WNT7A expression data were relatively high in brain tissues when compared to other tissues. Motif analysis for the 3′UTR region of WNT7A showed that five identified variants were well-conserved across three species (human, mouse, and rat); the motif that contains the variant identified in GPR88 is significant at the level of the 3′UTR of the human genome. Studies of pathways, protein–protein interactions, and relations to diseases further suggest potential association with intellectual disability of our discovered SNVs. Our results demonstrated that 3′UTR variants could change target interactions of miRNA–mRNA pairs in the context of their association with ID. We plan to automate the methods through developing a bioinformatics pipeline for identifying novel 3′UTR SNVs harbored by miRNA-targeted genes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmeng Yang
- Shanghai Starriver Bilingual School, Shanghai 201100, China;
| | - Anna Liu
- Appleby College, Oakville, ON L6L3V7, Canada;
| | - Isabella He
- Pittsford Mendon High School, 472 Mendon Road, Pittsford, NY 14534, USA;
| | - Yongsheng Bai
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, 441 Mark Jefferson Hall, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
- Next-Gen Intelligent Science Training, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Correspondence:
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In silico analysis of the functional and structural consequences of SNPs in human ARX gene associated with EIEE1. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Lizarraga KJ, Baarbé JK, Saravanamuttu J, Lang AE, Chen R. Cortical GABAergic dysfunction underlying abnormal hand movements in ARX mutation. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:1750-1751. [PMID: 31400578 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karlo J Lizarraga
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Division of Brain, Imaging and Behavior, Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
| | - Julianne K Baarbé
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behavior, Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada
| | - James Saravanamuttu
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behavior, Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Division of Brain, Imaging and Behavior, Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada
| | - Robert Chen
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Division of Brain, Imaging and Behavior, Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada
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