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Ren K, Vickers R, Murillo J, Ruparel NB. Revolutionizing orofacial pain management: the promising potential of stem cell therapy. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1239633. [PMID: 38028430 PMCID: PMC10679438 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1239633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofacial pain remains a significant health issue in the United States. Pain originating from the orofacial region can be composed of a complex array of unique target tissue that contributes to the varying success of pain management. Long-term use of analgesic drugs includes adverse effects such as physical dependence, gastrointestinal bleeding, and incomplete efficacy. The use of mesenchymal stem cells for their pain relieving properties has garnered increased attention. In addition to the preclinical and clinical results showing stem cell analgesia in non-orofacial pain, studies have also shown promising results for orofacial pain treatment. Here we discuss the outcomes of mesenchymal stem cell treatment for pain and compare the properties of stem cells from different tissues of origin. We also discuss the mechanism underlying these analgesic/anti-nociceptive properties, including the role of immune cells and the endogenous opioid system. Lastly, advancements in the methods and procedures to treat patients experiencing orofacial pain with mesenchymal stem cells are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ren
- Department of Pain and Neural Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Russel Vickers
- Clinical Stem Cells Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Oral Health Center, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Queensland, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Josue Murillo
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Nikita B. Ruparel
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Kan H, Fan L, Gui X, Li X, Yang S, Huang Y, Chen L, Shen W. Stem Cell Therapy for Neuropathic Pain: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis. J Pain Res 2022; 15:1797-1811. [PMID: 35769691 PMCID: PMC9236174 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s365524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neuropathic pain is intractable and current treatment modalities are ineffective to cure this intractable pain, which has become a global problem. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of studies on stem cell therapy for neuropathic pain that have shown enormous potential. Using a visual analysis approach of the existing literature on stem cell therapy for neuropathic pain, we hope to understand the current research status and hot issues in this field and to provide valuable predictions for future research in this field. Methods We used Citespace software to visually analyze 291 articles and reviews indexed by the Web of Science Core Collection Database exploring stem cell-based treatment of neuropathic pain from 1995 to 2021. The Gunnmap online world map evaluated the number of countries and regional articles separately. Microsoft Excel 2016 was used to generate a graph of trends in annual publications. Results Visualization analysis revealed that the number of publications has increased yearly. The top three countries in terms of number of articles published are United States, China, and Japan. Analysis of highly co-cited articles revealed that the contents of these articles primarily involved the expression of IL-1β, IL-10, NPY, TRPA1, p-p38, p-ERK1/2, TGF-β, PKCδ, CaMKIIɑ, P2X4, P2X7 and TNF-ɑ. Keywords and citation burst analysis demonstrated that activation, regeneration, chemotherapy, and expression are likely the research hotspots and future directions of stem cell research in neuropathic pain. Conclusion Stem cell therapy may be a potential means of future treatment of neuropathic pain. The study of the mechanisms underlying stem cell therapy for neuropathic pain is still a focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houming Kan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Fan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodie Gui
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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A New Gal in Town: A Systematic Review of the Role of Galanin and Its Receptors in Experimental Pain. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050839. [PMID: 35269462 PMCID: PMC8909084 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galanin is a neuropeptide expressed in a small percentage of sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and the superficial lamina of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In this work, we systematically reviewed the literature regarding the role of galanin and its receptors in nociception at the spinal and supraspinal levels, as well as in chronic pain conditions. The literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, OVID, TRIP, and EMBASE using "Galanin" AND "pain" as keywords. Of the 1379 papers that were retrieved in the initial search, we included a total of 141 papers in this review. Using the ARRIVE guidelines, we verified that 89.1% of the works were of good or moderate quality. Galanin shows a differential role in pain, depending on the pain state, site of action, and concentration. Under normal settings, galanin can modulate nociceptive processing through both a pro- and anti-nociceptive action, in a dose-dependent manner. This peptide also plays a key role in chronic pain conditions and its antinociceptive action at both a spinal and supraspinal level is enhanced, reducing animals' hypersensitivity to both mechanical and thermal stimulation. Our results highlight galanin and its receptors as potential therapeutic targets in pain conditions.
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Weiss JB, Phillips CJ, Malin EW, Gorantla VS, Harding JW, Salgar SK. Stem cell, Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor and/or Dihexa to promote limb function recovery in a rat sciatic nerve damage-repair model: Experimental animal studies. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 71:102917. [PMID: 34703584 PMCID: PMC8524106 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Optimizing nerve regeneration and re-innervation of target muscle/s is the key for improved functional recovery following peripheral nerve damage. We investigated whether administration of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) and/or Dihexa can improve recovery of limb function following peripheral nerve damage in rat sciatic nerve transection-repair model. Materials and methods There were 10 experimental groups (n = 6–8 rats/group). Bone marrow derived syngeneic MSCs (2 × 106; passage≤6), G-CSF (200–400 μg/kg b.wt.), Dihexa (2–4 mg/kg b.wt.) and/or Vehicle were administered to male Lewis rats locally via hydrogel at the site of nerve repair, systemically (i.v./i.p), and/or to gastrocnemius muscle. The limb sensory and motor functions were assessed at 1–2 week intervals post nerve repair until the study endpoint (16 weeks). Results The sensory function in all nerve boundaries (peroneal, tibial, sural) returned to nearly normal by 8 weeks (Grade 2.7 on a scale of Grade 0–3 [0 = No function; 3 = Normal function]) in all groups combined. The peroneal nerve function recovered quickly with return of function at one week (∼2.0) while sural nerve function recovered rather slowly at four weeks (∼1.0). Motor function at 8–16 weeks post-nerve repair as determined by walking foot print grades significantly (P < 0.05) improved with MSC + G-CSF or MSC + Dihexa administrations into gastrocnemius muscle and mitigated foot flexion contractures. Conclusions These findings demonstrate MSC, G-CSF and Dihexa are promising candidates for adjunct therapies to promote limb functional recovery after surgical nerve repair, and have implications in peripheral nerve injury and limb transplantation. IACUC No.215064. G-CSF in combination with MSCs improved limb function recovery in sciatic nerve transection- repair model. Dihexa in combination with MSC improved limb function recovery in sciatic nerve transection- repair model. Foot flexion contractures were reduced with G-CSF & MSC or Dihexa & MSC administration into target muscle gastrocnemius. MSC, G-CSF or Dihexa combination therapy is attractive, feasible & promising in peripheral nerve injury repair and have implications in limb transplantation. The findings warrant further investigation to understand the cellular/molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Weiss
- Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Fort Lewis, Washington, USA
| | - Cody J Phillips
- Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Fort Lewis, Washington, USA
| | - Edward W Malin
- Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Fort Lewis, Washington, USA
| | - Vijay S Gorantla
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph W Harding
- Department of Integrative Physiology & Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Shashikumar K Salgar
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Fort Lewis, Washington, USA
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Joshi HP, Jo HJ, Kim YH, An SB, Park CK, Han I. Stem Cell Therapy for Modulating Neuroinflammation in Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094853. [PMID: 34063721 PMCID: PMC8124149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a complex, debilitating, chronic pain state, heterogeneous in nature and caused by a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system. Its pathogenesis involves a wide range of molecular pathways. NP treatment is extremely challenging, due to its complex underlying disease mechanisms. Current pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches can provide long-lasting pain relief to a limited percentage of patients and lack safe and effective treatment options. Therefore, scientists are focusing on the introduction of novel treatment approaches, such as stem cell therapy. A growing number of reports have highlighted the potential of stem cells for treating NP. In this review, we briefly introduce NP, current pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments, and preclinical studies of stem cells to treat NP. In addition, we summarize stem cell mechanisms—including neuromodulation in treating NP. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed to provide an overview of the neuroprotective effects of stem cells with particular emphasis on recent translational research regarding stem cell-based treatment of NP, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Prasad Joshi
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.P.J.); (S.-B.A.)
- Spinal Cord Research Centre, Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Hyun-Jung Jo
- Gachon Pain Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.-J.J.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Yong-Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.-J.J.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Seong-Bae An
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.P.J.); (S.-B.A.)
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.-J.J.); (Y.-H.K.)
- Correspondence: (C.-K.P.); (I.H.)
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.P.J.); (S.-B.A.)
- Correspondence: (C.-K.P.); (I.H.)
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Han YH, Kim KH, Abdi S, Kim TK. Stem cell therapy in pain medicine. Korean J Pain 2019; 32:245-255. [PMID: 31569916 PMCID: PMC6813895 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2019.32.4.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are attracting attention as a key element in future medicine, satisfying the desire to live a healthier life with the possibility that they can regenerate tissue damaged or degenerated by disease or aging. Stem cells are defined as undifferentiated cells that have the ability to replicate and differentiate themselves into various tissues cells. Stem cells, commonly encountered in clinical or preclinical stages, are largely classified into embryonic, adult, and induced pluripotent stem cells. Recently, stem cell transplantation has been frequently applied to the treatment of pain as an alternative or promising approach for the treatment of severe osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, and intractable musculoskeletal pain which do not respond to conventional medicine. The main idea of applying stem cells to neuropathic pain is based on the ability of stem cells to release neurotrophic factors, along with providing a cellular source for replacing the injured neural cells, making them ideal candidates for modulating and possibly reversing intractable neuropathic pain. Even though various differentiation capacities of stem cells are reported, there is not enough knowledge and technique to control the differentiation into desired tissues in vivo. Even though the use of stem cells is still in the very early stages of clinical use and raises complicated ethical problems, the future of stem cells therapies is very bright with the help of accumulating evidence and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hee Han
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Salahadin Abdi
- Division of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Department of Pain Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tae Kyun Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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Bingham JR, Kniery KR, Jorstad NL, Horkayne-Szakaly I, Hoffer ZS, Salgar SK. "Stem cell therapy to promote limb function recovery in peripheral nerve damage in a rat model" - Experimental research. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2019; 41:20-28. [PMID: 31011420 PMCID: PMC6463551 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Optimizing nerve regeneration and mitigating muscle atrophy are the keys to successful outcomes in peripheral nerve damage. We investigated whether mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy can improve limb function recovery in peripheral nerve damage. Materials and methods We used sciatic nerve transection/repair (SNR) and individual nerve transection/repair (INR; branches of sciatic nerve - tibial, peroneal, sural) models to study the effect of MSCs on proximal and distal peripheral nerve damages, respectively, in male Lewis rats. Syngeneic MSCs (5 × 106; passage≤6) or saline were administered locally and intravenously. Sensory/motor functions (SF/MF) of the limb were assessed. Results Rat MSCs (>90%) were CD29+, CD90+, CD34−, CD31− and multipotent. Total SF at two weeks post-SNR & INR with or without MSC therapy was ∼1.2 on a 0–3 grading scale (0 = No function; 3 = Normal); by 12 weeks it was 2.6–2.8 in all groups (n ≥ 9/group). MSCs accelerated SF onset. At eight weeks post-INR, sciatic function index (SFI), a measure of MF (0 = Normal; −100 = Nonfunctional) was −34 and −77 in MSC and vehicle groups, respectively (n ≥ 9); post-SNR it was −72 and −92 in MSC and vehicle groups, respectively. Long-term MF (24 weeks) was apparent in MSC treated INR (SFI -63) but not in SNR (SFI -100). Gastrocnemius muscle atrophy was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in INR. Nerve histomorphometry revealed reduced axonal area (P < 0.01) but no difference in myelination (P > 0.05) in MSC treated INR compared to the naive contralateral nerve. Conclusion MSC therapy in peripheral nerve damage appears to improve nerve regeneration, mitigate flexion-contractures, and promote limb functional recovery. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy improved limb functional recovery. MSCs improved nerve regeneration and mitigated foot flexion-contractures. Limb muscle atrophy was significantly reduced in individual nerve repair (INR). Functional recovery in distal nerve repair (INR) was superior to proximal (SNR). MSC therapy is attractive, feasible & promising in peripheral nerve injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Bingham
- Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, 98431, USA
| | - Kevin R Kniery
- Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, 98431, USA
| | - Nikolas L Jorstad
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Iren Horkayne-Szakaly
- Department of Neuropathology & Ophthalmic Pathology, Joint Pathology Center, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Zachary S Hoffer
- Department of Pathology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, 98431, USA
| | - Shashikumar K Salgar
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, 98431, USA
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Kruse MS, Suarez LG, Coirini H. LXR activation increases the expression of GnRH AND αMSH in the rat hypothalamus in vivo. Neurosci Lett 2018; 664:20-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Forouzanfar F, Amin B, Ghorbani A, Ghazavi H, Ghasemi F, Sadri K, Mehri S, Sadeghnia HR, Hosseinzadeh H. New approach for the treatment of neuropathic pain: Fibroblast growth factor 1 gene-transfected adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Eur J Pain 2017; 22:295-310. [PMID: 28949091 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain triggered by peripheral nerve lesion is extremely difficult to manage with current approaches, hence the importance of exploring therapeutic alternatives. METHODS We have analysed adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) and fibroblast growth factor 1 gene-transfected adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs FGF1 ) on chronic constriction injury (CCI). The mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity were assessed using the von Frey filament, radiant heat and acetone drop tests. Histopathological and apoptotic changes and the level of FGF1, GFAP and TNFα proteins were assessed in the lumbar portion (L4-L6). Moreover, AD-MSCs FGF1 were labelled with 99m Tc -HMPAO and isolated organ counting were performed upon AD-MSCs FGF1 administration. RESULTS Administration of AD-MSCs FGF1 attenuated the CCI-induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Spinal structural alterations and apoptosis were decreased in the AD-MSCs FGF1 group. The injection of either phosphate-buffered saline or normal NIH3T3 fibroblasts could not attenuate the behavioural symptoms of neuropathic pain. Increased genetically engineered cells were counted in the injured sciatic nerve and the elevated levels of FGF1 were detected in the spinal tissue. Stem cell therapy lead to decrement the level of the CCI-induced TNF-α and GFAP expression. CONCLUSION The intravenous administration of AD-MSCs FGF1 could be considered as a potential remedy for the management of neuropathic pain. SIGNIFICANCE AD-MSCs FGF1 attenuated the CCI-induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Spinal structural alterations and apoptosis were significantly decreased in the AD-MSCs FGF1 group. Elevated levels of FGF1 were detected in the spinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Forouzanfar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - B Amin
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - A Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Ghazavi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - F Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - K Sadri
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - S Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H R Sadeghnia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Fitzpatrick EB, Dehart MJ, Brown TA, Salgar SK. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy to promote limb transplant functional recovery. Microsurgery 2016; 37:222-234. [DOI: 10.1002/micr.30068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary J. Dehart
- Department of Clinical Investigation; Madigan Army Medical Center; Tacoma WA 98431
| | - Tommy A. Brown
- Department of Surgery; Madigan Army Medical Center; Tacoma WA 98431
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Tissue-specific Differentiation Potency of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Perinatal Tissues. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23544. [PMID: 27045658 PMCID: PMC4820697 DOI: 10.1038/srep23544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human perinatal tissue is an abundant source of mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs) and lacks the ethical concerns. Perinatal MSCs can be obtained from various tissues as like amnion, chorion, and umbilical cord. Still, little is known of the distinct nature of each MSC type. In this study, we successfully isolated and cultured MSCs from amnion(AMSCs), chorion(CMSCs), and umbilical cord(UC-MSCs). Proliferation potential was different among them, that AMSCs revealed the lowest proliferation rate due to increased Annexin V and senescence-associated β-galactosidase positive cells. We demonstrated distinct characteristic gene expression according to the source of the original tissue using microarray. In particular, genes associated with apoptosis and senescence including CDKN2A were up-regulated in AMSCs. In CMSCs, genes associated with heart morphogenesis and blood circulation including HTR2B were up-regulated. Genes associated with neurological system processes including NPY were up-regulated in UC-MSCs. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the gene expression data. And in vitro differentiation of MSCs demonstrated that CMSCs and UC-MSCs had a more pronounced ability to differentiate into cardiomyocyte and neural cells, respectively. This study firstly demonstrated the innate tissue-specific differentiation potency of perinatal MSCs which can be helpful in choosing more adequate cell sources for better outcome in a specific disease.
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Xiao J, Yu W, Wang X, Wang B, Chen J, Liu Y, Li Z. Correlation between neuropeptide distribution, cancellous bone microstructure and joint pain in postmenopausal women with osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Neuropeptides 2016; 56:97-104. [PMID: 26706183 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the relationship between the distribution of neuropeptides, cancellous bone microstructure and joint pain in postmenopausal women with osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP). METHODS Cancellous bone of the femoral head was obtained at the time of hip arthroplasty from 20 postmenopausal women, 10 with OA and 10 with OP. Pain intensity was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) before the operation. The microstructural parameters were measured with micro-CT and the neuropeptides of the cancellous bone were stained by an immunohistochemical method. RESULTS We observed that BV/TV, Tb.Th and Th.N values in the OP were significantly decreased compared to those in the OA. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the mean optical density (MOD) values for SP, CGRP, and VIP in the OA group were significantly higher than those in the OP, and the MOD value for NPY in the OA was significantly lower than that in the OP. We also observed that the MOD values for SP were positively correlated with AD, BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N and Conn.D and negatively with MD, Tb.Sp and SMI in all patients. The MOD values for CGRP were positively correlated with AD, BV/TV and Tb.Th. MOD values for VIP were positively correlated with BV/TV and Tb.Th and negatively with SMI. The VAS score was correlated positively with the MOD values for SP, CGRP, VIP and negatively with NPY in all patients. CONCLUSIONS Neuropeptides play an important role in the pathogenesis of OA and OP, which may cause pain and influence the bone microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiangrui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhanchun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
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Labusca L, Zugun-Eloae F, Mashayekhi K. Stem cells for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:96-105. [PMID: 25621109 PMCID: PMC4300940 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i1.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal-related pain is one of the most disabling health conditions affecting more than one third of the adult population worldwide. Pain from various mechanisms and origins is currently underdiagnosed and undertreated. The complexity of molecular mechanisms correlating pain and the progression of musculoskeletal diseases is not yet fully understood. Molecular biomarkers for objective evaluation and treatment follow-up are needed as a step towards targeted treatment of pain as a symptom or as a disease. Stem cell therapy is already under investigation for the treatment of different types of musculoskeletal-related pain. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies are already being tested in various clinical trials that use musculoskeletal system-related pain as the primary or secondary endpoint. Genetically engineered stem cells, as well as induced pluripotent stem cells, offer promising novel perspectives for pain treatment. It is possible that a more focused approach and reassessment of therapeutic goals will contribute to the overall efficacy, as well as to the clinical acceptance of regenerative medicine therapies. This article briefly describes the principal types of musculoskeletal-related pain and reviews the stem cell-based therapies that have been specifically designed for its treatment.
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Adult stem cell as new advanced therapy for experimental neuropathic pain treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:470983. [PMID: 25197647 PMCID: PMC4147203 DOI: 10.1155/2014/470983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a highly invalidating disease resulting as consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system. All the pharmacological treatments today in use give a long lasting pain relief only in a limited percentage of patients before pain reappears making NP an incurable disease. New approaches are therefore needed and research is testing stem cell usage. Several papers have been written on experimental neuropathic pain treatment using stem cells of different origin and species to treat experimental NP. The original idea was based on the capacity of stem cell to offer a totipotent cellular source for replacing injured neural cells and for delivering trophic factors to lesion site; soon the researchers agreed that the capacity of stem cells to contrast NP was not dependent upon their regenerative effect but was mostly linked to a bidirectional interaction between the stem cell and damaged microenvironment resident cells. In this paper we review the preclinical studies produced in the last years assessing the effects induced by several stem cells in different models of neuropathic pain. The overall positive results obtained on pain remission by using stem cells that are safe, of easy isolation, and which may allow an autologous transplant in patients may be encouraging for moving from bench to bedside, although there are several issues that still need to be solved.
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Vadivelu S, Willsey M, Curry DJ, McDonald JW. Potential role of stem cells for neuropathic pain disorders. Neurosurg Focus 2014; 35:E11. [PMID: 23991814 DOI: 10.3171/2013.6.focus13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain is a debilitating disease process associated with several medical disorders. Different from pain caused by inflammation, neuropathic pain is a diffuse pain disorder often found to be recalcitrant to the limited medical treatments available. Intractable nerve pain may benefit from other therapies capable of longer-lasting pain coverage or greater efficacy. A growing number of reports have emerged suggesting a role for stem cells as a cellular delivery source with neuroprotective agents opposing the effects of nerve damage. Here, the authors review the current experimental therapies examining the use of stem cells for the treatment of neuropathic pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Vadivelu
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Franchi S, Valsecchi AE, Borsani E, Procacci P, Ferrari D, Zaffa C, Sartori P, Rodella LF, Vescovi A, Maione S, Rossi F, Sacerdote P, Colleoni M, Panerai AE. Intravenous neural stem cells abolish nociceptive hypersensitivity and trigger nerve regeneration in experimental neuropathy. Pain 2012; 153:850-861. [PMID: 22321918 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A nonphysiological repair of the lesioned nerve leading to the formation of neurinomas, altered nerve conduction, and spontaneous firing is considered the main cause of the events underlying neuropathic pain. It was investigated whether neural stem cell (NSCs) administration could lead to a physiological nerve repair, thus to a reduction of neuropathic pain symptoms such as hyperalgesia and allodynia in a well-established model of this pain (sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury [CCI]). Moreover, since we and others showed that the peripheral nerve lesion starts a cascade of neuroinflammation-related events that may maintain and worsen the original lesion, the effect of NSCs on sciatic nerve pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines in CCI mice was investigated. NSCs injected intravenously, when the pathology was already established, induced a significant reduction in allodynia and hyperalgesia already 3 days after administration, demonstrating a therapeutic effect that lasted for at least 28 days. Responses changed with the number of administered NSCs, and the effect on hyperalgesia could be boosted by a new NSC administration. Treatment significantly decreased proinflammatory, activated antiinflammatory cytokines in the sciatic nerve, and reduced spinal cord Fos expression in laminae I-VI. Moreover, in NSC-treated animals, a reparative process and an improvement of nerve morphology is present at a later time. Since NSC effect on pain symptoms preceded nerve repair and was maintained after cells had disappeared from the lesion site, we suggest that regenerative, behavioral, and immune NSC effects are largely due to microenvironmental changes they might induce at the lesion site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Franchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy Divisione di Anatomia Umana, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milano, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale - Sezione di Farmacologia "L. Donatelli", Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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Guo W, Wang H, Zou S, Gu M, Watanabe M, Wei F, Dubner R, Huang GTJ, Ren K. Bone marrow stromal cells produce long-term pain relief in rat models of persistent pain. Stem Cells 2011; 29:1294-303. [PMID: 21630378 DOI: 10.1002/stem.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain conditions are difficult to treat and are major health problems. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have generated considerable interest as a candidate for cell-based therapy. BMSCs are readily accessible and are easy to isolate and expand ex vivo. Clinical studies show that direct injection of BMSCs does not produce unwanted side effects and is well tolerated and safe. Here, we show that a single systemic (intravenous) or local injection (into the lesion site) of rat primary BMSCs reversed pain hypersensitivity in rats after injury and that the effect lasted until the conclusion of the study at 22 weeks. The pain hypersensitivity was rekindled by naloxone hydrochloride, an opioid receptor antagonist that acts peripherally and centrally, when tested at 1-5 weeks after BMSC infusion. In contrast, naloxone methiodide, a peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonist, only rekindled hyperalgesia in the first 3 weeks of BMSC treatment. Focal downregulation of brainstem mu opioid receptors by RNA interference (RNAi) reversed the effect of BMSCs, when RNAi was introduced at 5- but not 1-week after BMSC transplantation. Thus, BMSCs produced long-term relief of pain and this effect involved activation of peripheral and central opioid receptors in distinct time domains. The findings prompt studies to elucidate the cellular mechanisms of the BMSC-induced pain relieving effect and translate these observations into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1586, USA
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Dadon-Nachum M, Melamed E, Offen D. Stem cells treatment for sciatic nerve injury. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 11:1591-7. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.628933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Engagement of descending inhibition from the rostral ventromedial medulla protects against chronic neuropathic pain. Pain 2011; 152:2701-2709. [PMID: 21745713 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A puzzling observation is why peripheral nerve injury results in chronic pain in some, but not all, patients. We explored potential mechanisms that may prevent the expression of chronic pain. Sprague Dawley (SD) or Holtzman (HZ) rats showed no differences in baseline sensory thresholds or responses to inflammatory stimuli. However, spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced tactile allodynia occurred in approximately 85% of SD and 50% of HZ rats, respectively. No apparent differences were observed in a survey of dorsal root ganglion or spinal neuropathic markers after SNL regardless of allodynic phenotype. SNL-induced allodynia was reversed by administration of lidocaine within the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), a site that integrates descending pain modulation via pain inhibitory (ie, OFF) and excitatory (ie, ON) cells. However, in SD or HZ rats with SNL but without allodynia, RVM lidocaine precipitated allodynia. Additionally, RVM lidocaine produced conditioned place preference in allodynic SD or HZ rats but conditioned place aversion in nonallodynic HZ rats. Similarly, RVM U69,593 (kappa opioid agonist) or blockade of spinal α(2) adrenergic receptors precipitated allodynia in previously nonallodynic HZ rats with SNL. All rats showed an equivalent first-phase formalin responses. However, HZ rats had reduced second-phase formalin behaviors along with fewer RVM OFF cell pauses and RVM ON cell bursts. Thus, expression of nerve injury-induced pain may ultimately depend on descending modulation. Engagement of descending inhibition protects in the transition from acute to chronic pain. These unexpected findings might provide a mechanistic explanation for medications that engage descending inhibition or mimic its consequences.
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Abstract
In the last years, significant progress has been made in the medical treatment of pain. However, pathological pains, such us neuropathic pain, remain refractory to the currently available analgesics. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are being evaluated. We have recently shown that both bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) and the oligonucleotide IMT504 can prevent the development of mechanical and thermal allodynia when they are administered to rats subjected to a sciatic nerve crush. This chapter summarizes the laboratory techniques used to isolate and culture MSCs, administer both MSCs and IMT504, perform the nerve injury and determine mechanical and thermal sensitivities.
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