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Mohamad A, Nakajima K, Miwa S, Osaka M. Chemical interaction between Sr vapor species and nuclear reactor core structure. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2022.2092227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afiqa Mohamad
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kunihisa Nakajima
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuhei Miwa
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiko Osaka
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
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Rizaal M, Miwa S, Suzuki E, Imoto J, Osaka M, Gouëllo M. Revaporization Behavior of Cesium and Iodine Compounds from Their Deposits in the Steam-Boron Atmosphere. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:32695-32708. [PMID: 34901618 PMCID: PMC8655899 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents our investigation on cesium and iodine revaporization from cesium iodide (CsI) deposits on stainless steel type 304L, which were initiated by boron and/or steam flow. A dedicated basic experimental facility with a thermal gradient tube (TGT) having a temperature range of 1000-400 K was used for simulating the phenomena. In the absence of boron, it was found that the initially deposited CsI at 850 K could be revaporized as CsI vapor/aerosol or reacted with the carrier gas and stainless steel (Cr2O3 layer) to form Cs2CrO4. The latter mechanism consequently released gaseous iodine that was later accumulated downstream. After introducing boron to the steam flow, a severe revaporization occurred. This, in addition to the revaporized CsI vapor/aerosol, was caused by cesium borate (Cs2B4O7 and CsB5O8) formation, which then largely released gaseous iodine that was capable of reaching the TGT outlet (<400 K). In the case of a nuclear severe accident, our study has demonstrated that an increase of gaseous iodine in the colder region of a reactor could occur after late release of boron or a subsequent steam flow after refloods of the reactor, thus posing its inherent risk once leaked to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizaal
- Nuclear
Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic
Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirane, Shirakata, Naka-gun, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Shuhei Miwa
- Nuclear
Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic
Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirane, Shirakata, Naka-gun, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Eriko Suzuki
- Nuclear
Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic
Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirane, Shirakata, Naka-gun, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Junpei Imoto
- Nuclear
Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic
Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirane, Shirakata, Naka-gun, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Masahiko Osaka
- Nuclear
Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic
Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirane, Shirakata, Naka-gun, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Mélany Gouëllo
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland,
P.O. Box 1000, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
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Suzuki C, Nakajima K, Osaka M. Phase stability of Cs-Si-O and Cs-Si-Fe-O compounds on stainless steel. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2021.1971576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chikashi Suzuki
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-gun, Japan
| | - Kunihisa Nakajima
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-gun, Japan
| | - Masahiko Osaka
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-gun, Japan
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Miyahara N, Miwa S, Gouëllo M, Imoto J, Horiguchi N, Sato I, Osaka M. Experimental study on transport behavior of cesium iodide in the reactor coolant system under LWR severe accident conditions. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2020.1782281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Miyahara
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuhei Miwa
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mélany Gouëllo
- Nuclear Energy, Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Finland
| | - Junpei Imoto
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoki Horiguchi
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Isamu Sato
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Osaka
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
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Suzuki E, Nakajima K, Osaka M, Ohishi Y, Muta H, Kurosaki K. Low temperature heat capacity of Cs2Si4O9. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2020.1727374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Suzuki
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kunihisa Nakajima
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiko Osaka
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuji Ohishi
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Muta
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Kurosaki
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Nishioka S, Nakajima K, Suzuki E, Osaka M. An experimental investigation of influencing chemical factors onCs-chemisorption behavior onto stainless steel. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2019.1633968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunichiro Nishioka
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Research Institute for Nuclear Decommissioning, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihisa Nakajima
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Research Institute for Nuclear Decommissioning, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Suzuki
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiko Osaka
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Research Institute for Nuclear Decommissioning, Tokyo, Japan
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Miwa S, Takase G, Imoto J, Nishioka S, Miyahara N, Osaka M. Boron chemistry during transportation in the high temperature region of a boiling water reactor under severe accident conditions. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2019.1671913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Miwa
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-gun, Japan
| | - Gaku Takase
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-gun, Japan
| | - Junpei Imoto
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-gun, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Nishioka
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-gun, Japan
| | - Naoya Miyahara
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-gun, Japan
| | - Masahiko Osaka
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-gun, Japan
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Knebel K, Jokiniemi J, Bottomley PD. A review of revaporisation behaviour of radioactive Cs deposits and its impact on the source term in severe nuclear accidents from Phébus FP results and single effect testing. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2018.1558130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Knebel
- JRC-Karlsruhe, Nuclear Safety & Security, Nuclear Decommissioning Department, Karlsruhe, Germany
- JEN Jülicher Entsorgungsgesellschaft für Nuklear Anlagen mbH, Dekontamination und Entsorgung, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Paul David Bottomley
- JRC-Karlsruhe, Nuclear Safety & Security, Nuclear Decommissioning Department, Karlsruhe, Germany
- CLADS Laboratories, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-gun, Japan
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Miyahara N, Miwa S, Horiguchi N, Sato I, Masahiko O. Chemical reaction kinetics dataset of Cs-I-B-Mo-O-H system for evaluation of fission product chemistry under LWR severe accident conditions. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2018.1544939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Miyahara
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuhei Miwa
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoki Horiguchi
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Isamu Sato
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osaka Masahiko
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
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Imoto J, Ochiai A, Furuki G, Suetake M, Ikehara R, Horie K, Takehara M, Yamasaki S, Nanba K, Ohnuki T, Law GTW, Grambow B, Ewing RC, Utsunomiya S. Isotopic signature and nano-texture of cesium-rich micro-particles: Release of uranium and fission products from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5409. [PMID: 28710475 PMCID: PMC5511200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly radioactive cesium-rich microparticles (CsMPs) released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) provide nano-scale chemical fingerprints of the 2011 tragedy. U, Cs, Ba, Rb, K, and Ca isotopic ratios were determined on three CsMPs (3.79–780 Bq) collected within ~10 km from the FDNPP to determine the CsMPs’ origin and mechanism of formation. Apart from crystalline Fe-pollucite, CsFeSi2O6 · nH2O, CsMPs are comprised mainly of Zn–Fe-oxide nanoparticles in a SiO2 glass matrix (up to ~30 wt% of Cs and ~1 wt% of U mainly associated with Zn–Fe-oxide). The 235U/238U values in two CsMPs: 0.030 (±0.005) and 0.029 (±0.003), are consistent with that of enriched nuclear fuel. The values are higher than the average burnup estimated by the ORIGEN code and lower than non-irradiated fuel, suggesting non-uniform volatilization of U from melted fuels with different levels of burnup, followed by sorption onto Zn–Fe-oxides. The nano-scale texture and isotopic analyses provide a partial record of the chemical reactions that occurred in the fuel during meltdown. Also, the CsMPs were an important medium of transport for the released radionuclides in a respirable form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Imoto
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Asumi Ochiai
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Genki Furuki
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mizuki Suetake
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryohei Ikehara
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kenji Horie
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan.,Department of Polar Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Mami Takehara
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kenji Nanba
- Department of Environment System Management, Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ohnuki
- Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Gareth T W Law
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Bernd Grambow
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, the University of Nantes CNRS/IN2P3, Nantes, 44307, France
| | - Rodney C Ewing
- Department of Geological Sciences and Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-2115, USA
| | - Satoshi Utsunomiya
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Furuki G, Imoto J, Ochiai A, Yamasaki S, Nanba K, Ohnuki T, Grambow B, Ewing RC, Utsunomiya S. Caesium-rich micro-particles: A window into the meltdown events at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42731. [PMID: 28198440 PMCID: PMC5309886 DOI: 10.1038/srep42731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) in March 2011 caused partial meltdowns of three reactors. During the meltdowns, a type of condensed particle, a caesium-rich micro-particle (CsMP), formed inside the reactors via unknown processes. Here we report the chemical and physical processes of CsMP formation inside the reactors during the meltdowns based on atomic-resolution electron microscopy of CsMPs discovered near the FDNPP. All of the CsMPs (with sizes of 2.0–3.4 μm) comprise SiO2 glass matrices and ~10-nm-sized Zn–Fe-oxide nanoparticles associated with a wide range of Cs concentrations (1.1–19 wt% Cs as Cs2O). Trace amounts of U are also associated with the Zn–Fe oxides. The nano-texture in the CsMPs records multiple reaction-process steps during meltdown in the severe FDNPP accident: Melted fuel (molten core)-concrete interactions (MCCIs), incorporating various airborne fission product nanoparticles, including CsOH and CsCl, proceeded via SiO2 condensation over aggregates of Zn-Fe oxide nanoparticles originating from the failure of the reactor pressure vessels. Still, CsMPs provide a mechanism by which volatile and low-volatility radionuclides such as U can reach the environment and should be considered in the migration model of Cs and radionuclides in the current environment surrounding the FDNPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Furuki
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Junpei Imoto
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Asumi Ochiai
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Kenji Nanba
- Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Symbiotic System Science, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa 1, Fukushima, 960-1296 Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ohnuki
- Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Bernd Grambow
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS/IN2P3, Nantes 44307, France
| | - Rodney C Ewing
- Department of Geological Sciences and Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2115 USA
| | - Satoshi Utsunomiya
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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