1
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Larsen LI, López GP, Selwyn R, Carroll NJ. Microfluidic Fabrication of Silica Microspheres Infused with Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Agents. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:712-721. [PMID: 36633291 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) is a treatment which delivers radioactive therapeutic microspheres via the hepatic artery to destroy tumorigenic tissue of the liver. However, the dose required varies significantly from patient to patient due to nuances in individual biology. Therefore, a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging surrogate, or radiotracer, is used to predict in vivo behavior of therapeutic Y-90 spheres. The ideal surrogate should closely resemble Y-90 microspheres in morphology for highest predictive accuracy. This work presents the fabrication of positron-emitting silica microspheres infused with PET radiotracers copper, fluorine, and gallium. A quick one-pot synthesis is used to create precursor sol, followed by droplet formation with flow-focusing microfluidics, and finally thermal treatment to yield 10-50 μm microspheres with narrow size distribution. Loading of the infused element is controllable in the sol synthesis, while the final sphere size is tunable based on microfluidic flow rates and device channel width. The system is then employed to make radioactive Ga-68 microspheres, which are tested for radioactivity and stability. The fabrication method can be completed within a few hours, depending on the desired microsphere quantity. A microfluidic system is applied to fabricate silica particles loaded with diverse elemental infusions, including radioactive Ga-68.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis I Larsen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico87131, United States.,Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico87131, United States
| | - Gabriel P López
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico87131, United States.,Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico87131, United States
| | - Reed Selwyn
- Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico87131, United States
| | - Nick J Carroll
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico87131, United States.,Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico87131, United States
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2
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Keane G, Lam M, de Jong H. Beyond the MAA-Y90 Paradigm: The Evolution of Radioembolization Dosimetry Approaches and Scout Particles. Semin Intervent Radiol 2021; 38:542-553. [PMID: 34853500 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Radioembolization is a well-established treatment for primary and metastatic liver cancer. There is increasing interest in personalized treatment planning supported by dosimetry, as it provides an opportunity to optimize dose delivery to tumor and minimize nontarget deposition, which demonstrably increases the efficacy and safety of this therapy. However, the optimal dosimetry procedure in the radioembolization setting is still evolving; existing data are limited as few trials have prospectively tailored dose based on personalized planning and predominantly semi-empirical methods are used for dose calculation. Since the pretreatment or "scout" procedure forms the basis of dosimetry calculations, an accurate and reliable technique is essential. 99m Tc-MAA SPECT constitutes the current accepted standard for pretreatment imaging; however, inconsistent patterns in published data raise the question whether this is the optimal agent. Alternative particles are now being introduced to the market, and early indications suggest use of an identical scout and treatment particle may be superior to the current standard. This review will undertake an evaluation of the increasingly refined dosimetric methods driving radioembolization practices, and a horizon scanning exercise identifying alternative scout particle solutions. Together these constitute a compelling vision for future treatment planning methods that prioritize individualized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Keane
- Nuclear Medicine, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marnix Lam
- Nuclear Medicine, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo de Jong
- Nuclear Medicine, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
In the recent years, progress in nanotechnology has significantly contributed to the development of novel pharmaceutical formulations to overcome the drawbacks of conventional treatments and improve the therapeutic outcome in many diseases, especially cancer. Nanoparticle vectors have demonstrated the potential to concomitantly deliver diagnostic and therapeutic payloads to diseased tissue. Due to their special physical and chemical properties, the characteristics and function of nanoparticles are tunable based on biological molecular targets and specific desired features (e.g., surface chemistry and diagnostic radioisotope labeling). Within the past decade, several theranostic nanoparticles have been developed as a multifunctional nanosystems which combine the diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities into a single drug delivery platform. Theranostic nanosystems can provide useful information on a real-time systemic distribution of the developed nanosystem and simultaneously transport the therapeutic payload. In general, the diagnostic functionality of theranostic nanoparticles can be achieved through labeling gamma-emitted radioactive isotopes on the surface of nanoparticles which facilitates noninvasive detection using nuclear molecular imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), meanwhile, the therapeutic effect arises from the potent drug released from the nanoparticle. Moreover, some radioisotopes can concurrently emit both gamma radiation and high-energy particles (e.g., alpha, beta, and Auger electrons), prompting the use either alone for radiotheranostics or synergistically with chemotherapy. This chapter provides an overview of the fundamentals of radiochemistry and relevant radiolabeling strategies for theranostic nanosystem development as well as the methods for the preclinical evaluation of radiolabeled nanoparticles. Furthermore, preclinical case studies of recently developed theranostic nanosystems will be highlighted.
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4
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Wang F, Ding J, Guo X, Liu T, Ding L, Xia L, Zhu H, Yang Z. Production of the next-generation positron nuclide zirconium-89 ( 89 Zr) guided by Monte Carlo simulation and its good quality for antibody labeling. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 64:47-56. [PMID: 33067822 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The next-generation positron zirconium-89 (89 Zr, T1/2 = 3.27 days) is a novel nuclide for immunological positron emission tomography because of its favorite longer half-life. The aim of this work is to develop optimized methods for routine production and purification of 89 Zr through Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and laboratory experiments. 89 Y(p,n)89 Zr reaction was used for 89 Zr production. Optimized thicknesses of Al degrader (0.11 cm) and 89 Y foil (0.064 cm) were simulated through MC method. 89 Zr (15.0-40.7 mCi) with an average production rate of 0.92 ± 0.12 mCi/μA·h was produced after 1- to 2-h bombardment at the proton beam energy of 20 MeV and current of 20 μA. High radio-purity 89 Zr (6.14-26.8 mCi) obtained eluted from hydroxamate resin using 1-mol/L oxalic acid solution, with the concentration of 2.7 × 104 mCi/L. The gamma spectrum showed that the characteristic peak of 89 Zr was 511 and 909 keV, and no impurities were found. [89 Zr]Zr-DFO-trastuzumab was successfully labeled and performed good radiochemical purity (>95%) and stability that showed potential application in tumor molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Teli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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5
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Fenwick AJ, Collins SM, Evans WD, Ferreira KM, Paisey SJ, Robinson AP, Marshall C. Absolute standardisation and determination of the half-life and gamma emission intensities of 89Zr. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 166:109294. [PMID: 32977243 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An absolute standardisation of 89Zr was performed alongside determination of gamma emission intensities and half-life. The collected data were evaluated alongside complementary works from previous publications and new recommended nuclear data values are presented including a new evaluated T1/2 = 78.361(25) h and new absolute intensities for gamma transitions resulting from its decay to 89Y. Dial settings for commercially available radionuclide calibrators are also presented and show a relative difference of approximately 3% compared to previously published values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Fenwick
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, UK; Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Sean M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, UK; The University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - William D Evans
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Wales Research and Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Stephen J Paisey
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Wales Research and Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew P Robinson
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, UK; The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Marshall
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Wales Research and Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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6
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Radioactive Microspheres. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Drude N, Tienken L, Mottaghy FM. Theranostic and nanotheranostic probes in nuclear medicine. Methods 2017; 130:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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8
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Subramanian S, Pandey U, Chaudhari P, Tyagi M, Gupta S, Singh G, Dash A, Samuel G, Venkatesh M. Preliminary evaluation of indigenous 90 Y-labelled microspheres for therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Indian J Med Res 2017; 143:S74-S81. [PMID: 27748281 PMCID: PMC5080932 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.191786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Yttrium-90 (90Y)-based radioembolization has been employed to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as commercial radioactive glass and polymeric resin microspheres. However, in India and other Asian countries, these preparations must be imported and are expensive, validating the need for development of indigenous alternatives. This work was aimed to develop an economically and logistically favourable indigenous alternative to imported radioembolizing agents for HCC therapy. Methods: The preparation of 90Y-labelled Biorex 70 microspheres was optimized and in vitro stability was assessed. Hepatic tumour model was generated in Sprague-Dawley rats by orthotopic implantation of N1S1 rat HCC cell line. In vivo localization and retention of the 90Y-labelled Biorex 70 microspheres was assessed for seven days, and impact on N1S1 tumour growth was studied by histological examination and biochemical assays. Results: Under optimal conditions, >95% 90Y-labelling yield of Biorex70 resin microspheres was obtained, and these showed excellent in vitro stability of labelling (>95%) at seven days. In animal studies, 90Y-labelled Biorex 70 microspheres were retained (87.72±1.56% retained in liver at 7 days). Rats administered with 90Y-labelled Biorex 70 microspheres exhibited lower tumour to liver weight ratio, reduced serum alpha-foetoprotein level and greater damage to tumour tissue as compared to controls. Interpretation & conclusions: 90Y-labelled Biorex 70 microspheres showed stable retention in the liver and therapeutic effect on tumour tissue, indicating the potential for further study towards clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Subramanian
- Isotope Production & Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Usha Pandey
- Isotope Production & Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Isotope Production & Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Monica Tyagi
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Geetanjali Singh
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Isotope Production & Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Grace Samuel
- Isotope Production & Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Meera Venkatesh
- Isotope Production & Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India; Division of Physical & Chemical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Sciences & Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1400 Vienna, Austria,
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9
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O' Doherty J. A review of 3D image-based dosimetry, technical considerations and emerging perspectives in 90Y microsphere therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:1-34. [PMID: 27182449 DOI: 10.17229/jdit.2015-0428-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Yttrium-90 radioembolization (90Y-RE) is a well-established therapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and also of metastatic liver deposits from other malignancies. Nuclear Medicine and Cath Lab diagnostic imaging takes a pivotal role in the success of the treatment, and in order to fully exploit the efficacy of the technique and provide reliable quantitative dosimetry that are related to clinical endpoints in the era of personalized medicine, technical challenges in imaging need to be overcome. In this paper, the extensive literature of current 90Y-RE techniques and challenges facing it in terms of quantification and dosimetry are reviewed, with a focus on the current generation of 3D dosimetry techniques. Finally, new emerging techniques are reviewed which seek to overcome these challenges, such as high-resolution imaging, novel surgical procedures and the use of other radiopharmaceuticals for therapy and pre-therapeutic planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim O' Doherty
- PET Imaging Centre, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Radioembolization Dosimetry: The Road Ahead. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2014; 38:261-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00270-014-1042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Chakravarty R, Hong H, Cai W. Positron emission tomography image-guided drug delivery: current status and future perspectives. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3777-97. [PMID: 24865108 PMCID: PMC4218872 DOI: 10.1021/mp500173s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Positron
emission tomography (PET) is an important modality in
the field of molecular imaging, which is gradually impacting patient
care by providing safe, fast, and reliable techniques that help to
alter the course of patient care by revealing invasive, de facto procedures
to be unnecessary or rendering them obsolete. Also, PET provides a
key connection between the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology
of disease and the according targeted therapies. Recently, PET imaging
is also gaining ground in the field of drug delivery. Current drug
delivery research is focused on developing novel drug delivery systems
with emphasis on precise targeting, accurate dose delivery, and minimal
toxicity in order to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy. At the
intersection between PET imaging and controlled drug delivery, interest
has grown in combining both these paradigms into clinically effective
formulations. PET image-guided drug delivery has great potential to
revolutionize patient care by in vivo assessment
of drug biodistribution and accumulation at the target site and real-time
monitoring of the therapeutic outcome. The expected end point of this
approach is to provide fundamental support for the optimization of
innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that could contribute
to emerging concepts in the field of “personalized medicine”.
This review focuses on the recent developments in PET image-guided
drug delivery and discusses intriguing opportunities for future development.
The preclinical data reported to date are quite promising, and it
is evident that such strategies in cancer management hold promise
for clinically translatable advances that can positively impact the
overall diagnostic and therapeutic processes and result in enhanced
quality of life for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2275, United States
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12
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Vente MAD, Zonnenberg BA, Nijsen JFW. Microspheres for radioembolization of liver malignancies. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 7:581-3. [DOI: 10.1586/erd.10.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Fischer G, Seibold U, Schirrmacher R, Wängler B, Wängler C. (89)Zr, a radiometal nuclide with high potential for molecular imaging with PET: chemistry, applications and remaining challenges. Molecules 2013; 18:6469-90. [PMID: 23736785 PMCID: PMC6269898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging-and especially Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-is of increasing importance for the diagnosis of various diseases and thus is experiencing increasing dissemination. Consequently, there is a growing demand for appropriate PET tracers which allow for a specific accumulation in the target structure as well as its visualization and exhibit decay characteristics matching their in vivo pharmacokinetics. To meet this demand, the development of new targeting vectors as well as the use of uncommon radionuclides becomes increasingly important. Uncommon nuclides in this regard enable the utilization of various selectively accumulating bioactive molecules such as peptides, antibodies, their fragments, other proteins and artificial structures for PET imaging in personalized medicine. Among these radionuclides, 89Zr (t1/2 = 3.27 days and mean Eβ+ = 0.389 MeV) has attracted increasing attention within the last years due to its favorably long half-life, which enables imaging at late time-points, being especially favorable in case of slowly-accumulating targeting vectors. This review outlines the recent developments in the field of 89Zr-labeled bioactive molecules, their potential and application in PET imaging and beyond, as well as remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Fischer
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany; E-Mails: (G.F.); (W.S.)
- University Hospital Munich, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Uwe Seibold
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany; E-Mails: (G.F.); (W.S.)
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany; E-Mails: (G.F.); (W.S.)
- University Hospital Munich, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich 81377, Germany
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-621-383-3761; Fax: +49-621-383-1910
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14
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Silindir M, Özer AY, Erdoğan S. The use and importance of liposomes in positron emission tomography. Drug Deliv 2012; 19:68-80. [PMID: 22211758 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2011.635721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among different imaging modalities, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) gained importance in routine hospital practice depending on ability to diagnose diseases in early stages and tracing of therapy by obtaining metabolic information. The combination of PET with Computed Tomography (CT) forms hybrid imaging modality that gives chance to obtain better images having higher resolution by fusing both functional and anatomical images in the same imaging modality at the same time. Therefore, better contrast agents are essentially needed. The advance in research about developing drug delivery systems as specific nanosized targeted systems gained an additional importance for obtaining better diagnosis and therapy of different diseases. Liposomes appear to be more attractive drug delivery systems in delivering either drugs or imaging ligands to target tissue or organ of diseases with higher accumulation by producing in nano-scale, long circulating by stealth effect and specific targeting by modifying with specific ligands or markers. The combination of positron emitting radionuclides with liposomes are commonly in research level nowadays and there is no commercially available liposome formulation for PET imaging. However by conjugating positron emitter radionuclide with liposomes can form promising diagnostic agents for improved diagnosis and following up treatments by increasing image signal/contrast in the target tissue in lower concentrations by specific targeting as the most important advantage of liposomes. More accurate and earlier diagnosis of several diseases can be obtained even in molecular level with the use of stable and effectively radiolabeled molecular target specific nano sized liposomes with longer half-lived positron emitting radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Silindir
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Deri MA, Zeglis BM, Francesconi LC, Lewis JS. PET imaging with ⁸⁹Zr: from radiochemistry to the clinic. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 40:3-14. [PMID: 22998840 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The advent of antibody-based cancer therapeutics has led to the concomitant rise in the development of companion diagnostics for these therapies, particularly nuclear imaging agents. A number of radioisotopes have been employed for antibody-based PET and SPECT imaging, notably ⁶⁴Cu, ¹²⁴I, ¹¹¹In, and (99m)Tc; in recent years, however, the field has increasingly focused on ⁸⁹Zr, a radiometal with near ideal physical and chemical properties for immunoPET imaging. In the review at hand, we seek to provide a comprehensive portrait of the current state of ⁸⁹Zr radiochemical and imaging research, including work into the production and purification of the isotope, the synthesis of new chelators, the development of new bioconjugation strategies, the creation of novel ⁸⁹Zr-based agents for preclinical imaging studies, and the translation of ⁸⁹Zr-labeled radiopharmaceuticals to the clinic. Particular attention will also be dedicated to emerging trends in the field, ⁸⁹Zr-based imaging applications using vectors other than antibodies, the comparative advantages and limitations of ⁸⁹Zr-based imaging compared to that with other isotopes, and areas that would benefit from more extensive investigation. At bottom, it is hoped that this review will provide both the experienced investigator and new scientist with a full and critical overview of this exciting and fast-developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Deri
- Department of Radiology and the Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Paxton AB, Davis SD, DeWerd LA. Determining the effects of microsphere and surrounding material composition on 90
Y dose kernels using egsnrc
and mcnp5. Med Phys 2012; 39:1424-34. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3685577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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17
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Kao YH, Tan EH, Ng CE, Goh SW. Clinical implications of the body surface area method versus partition model dosimetry for yttrium-90 radioembolization using resin microspheres: a technical review. Ann Nucl Med 2011; 25:455-61. [PMID: 21643807 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-011-0499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Yttrium-90 (Y-90) radioembolization is becoming established as an effective therapeutic modality for inoperable liver tumors. For resin microspheres, the 'body surface area (BSA)' method and the partition model can both be used for Y-90 activity calculation. The BSA method is semi-empirical, but more commonly used due its simplicity. The partition model is more accurate, scientifically sound and personalized, but less popular due to its complexity. This article provides a technical comparison of both methods with an emphasis on its clinical implications. Future dosimetric techniques for Y-90 radioembolization based on emerging technologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Hsiang Kao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Singapore General Hospital.
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18
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Goffredo V, Paradiso A, Ranieri G, Gadaleta CD. Yttrium-90 (90Y) in the principal radionuclide therapies: an efficacy correlation between peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, radioimmunotherapy and transarterial radioembolization therapy. Ten years of experience (1999-2009). Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2011; 80:393-410. [PMID: 21388824 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of the pure beta emitter (90)Y constitutes a fundamental advancement in non-invasive medicine. Nowadays, mainly three oncological therapies exploit the intrinsic emissive characteristic of (90)Y. Radionuclide therapies include peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in neuroendocrine tumour (NET) treatment, radioimmunotherapy (RIT) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) treatment and transarterial radioembolization therapy (TARET) in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treatment. The last ten years of clinical experience from E-PubMed research have been reviewed and an efficacy correlation between (90)Y-therapies has shown a better objective response rate for RIT (ORR 80±15%; range 53-100) compared to PRRT (ORR 23.5±14%; range 9-50), and TARET (ORR for mCRC, 40±25%; range 19-91, and ORR for HCC, 42±20%; range 20-82). This review reports on the state of the art of the efficacy of (90)Y-therapies from the last decade and discusses new perspectives of therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Goffredo
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute Giovanni Paolo II of Bari, Via Hahnemann 10, Bari, Italy.
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Sadeghi M, Aboudzadeh M, Zali A, Zeinali B. (86)Y production via (86)Sr(p,n) for PET imaging at a cyclotron. Appl Radiat Isot 2009; 67:1392-6. [PMID: 19285420 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Excitation functions of (86)Y production via (86)Sr(p,xn), (86)Sr(d,xn), (85)Rb(alpha,xn), (85)Rb((3)He,xn), and (nat)Zr(d,alphaxn) reactions were studied by means of ALICE-ASH code and the results were compared with ALICE-91 code and experimental data. The greatest nuclear reaction of cyclotron (86)Y production was found out as (86)Sr(p,n)(86)Y process. (86)Y production yield was calculated too. A SrCO(3) thick film was deposited on a copper substrate by sedimentation method. The deposited (nat)SrCO(3) was irradiated with 15MeV proton at 30microA current beam. The separation of Y from Cu and Sr was carried out by means of dual ion exchange chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sadeghi
- Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 31485/498, Karaj, Iran.
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Incidence of radiation pneumonitis after hepatic intra-arterial radiotherapy with yttrium-90 microspheres assuming uniform lung distribution. Am J Clin Oncol 2008; 31:431-8. [PMID: 18838878 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0b013e318168ef65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence of clinical and imaging radiation pneumonitis (RP) in a cohort of patients treated with >30 Gy cumulative lung dose (CLD) using Y90 microspheres. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four hundred three patients were treated with Y90 microspheres during a 4-year period. Of these, 58 patients received >30 Gy CLD. Patients were followed for toxicities suggestive of imaging or clinical RP. Toxicities were graded using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Late Radiation Morbidity Scoring Schema. Patients were also followed for survival from time of first treatment. RESULTS There were 44 men and 14 women. Forty-three patients had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), whereas 15 had liver metastases. Mean and median follow-up were 7.3 and 6.0 months, respectively. Mean lung shunt fraction was slightly greater in the patients with HCC versus metastases (20% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.2308). The lifetime CLD for metastases and HCC groups were not statistically different (54.04 Gy vs. 48.44 Gy, P = 0.4303). Forty-three of 53 patients demonstrated no lung imaging findings suggestive of pneumonitis. Imaging findings in 10 patients included pleural effusions, atelectasis, and ground glass attenuation. There were no cases of clinical or imaging RP. Survival varied depending on stage as well as single and CLD. None of the patient deaths were attributed to respiratory compromise. CONCLUSION RP was not predicted using the currently used Y90 dosimetry models that assume uniform distribution in the lungs. Further investigation and dose escalation studies are required to more precisely define the radiation tolerance of lung parenchyma using this mode of therapy.
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Selwyn RG, Avila-Rodriguez MA, Converse AK, Hampel JA, Jaskowiak CJ, McDermott JC, Warner TF, Nickles RJ, Thomadsen BR. 18F-labeled resin microspheres as surrogates for90Y resin microspheres used in the treatment of hepatic tumors: a radiolabeling and PET validation study. Phys Med Biol 2007; 52:7397-408. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/52/24/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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