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For: Song S, Deng C, Wen L, Liu J, Wang H, Feng D, Wong CO, Huang G. 18F-FDG PET/CT-related metabolic parameters and their value in early prediction of chemotherapy response in a VX2 tumor model. Nucl Med Biol 2010;37:327-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 11/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]

For:	Song S, Deng C, Wen L, Liu J, Wang H, Feng D, Wong CO, Huang G. 18F-FDG PET/CT-related metabolic parameters and their value in early prediction of chemotherapy response in a VX2 tumor model. Nucl Med Biol 2010;37:327-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 11/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]

Number

Cited by Other Article(s)

Zhang X, Li T, Tong J, Zhou M, Wang Z, Liu X, Lu W, Lou J, Yi Q. Gemcitabine-Loaded Microbeads for Transarterial Chemoembolization of Rabbit Renal Tumor Monitored by ¹⁸F-FDG Positron Emission Tomography/X-Ray Computed Tomography Imaging. Pharmaceutics 2024;16:1609. [PMID: 39771587 PMCID: PMC11678015 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16121609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Revised: 11/22/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this study was to develop the gemcitabine-loaded drug-eluting beads (G-DEBs) for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in rabbit renal tumors and to evaluate their antitumor effect using 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/X-ray computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT).

METHODS

DEBs were prepared by polyvinyl alcohol-based macromer crosslinked with N-acryl tyrosine and N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide). Gemcitabine was loaded through ion change to obtain G-DEBs. Their particle size and drug release profile were characterized. VX2 tumors were implanted in the right kidney of rabbits to establish the renal tumor model. The tumor-bearing rabbits received pre-scan by 18F-FDG PET/CT, followed by targeted transarterial injection of G-DEBs under digital subtraction angiography (DSA) guidance. The rabbits received another 18F-FDG PET/CT scan 10 or 14 days after the treatment. The therapeutic effect was further validated by histopathological analysis of the dissected tumors.

RESULTS

The average particle size of the microspheres was 58.06 ± 0.50 µm, and the polydisperse index was 0.26 ± 0.002. The maximum loading rate of G-DEBs was 18.09 ± 0.35%, with almost 100% encapsulation efficiency. Within 24 h, GEM was eluted from G-DEBs rapidly and completely, and more than 20% was released in different media. DSA illustrated that G-DEBs were delivered to rabbit renal tumors. Compared with the untreated control group with increased tumor volume and intense 18F -FDG uptake, the G-DEBs group showed significant reductions in tumor volume and maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) 10 or 14 days after the treatment. Histopathological analysis confirmed that the proliferating area of tumor cells was significantly reduced in the G-DEBs group.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results demonstrated that G-DEBs are effective in TACE treatment of rabbit VX2 renal tumors, and 18F-FDG PET/CT provides a non-invasive imaging modality to monitor the antitumor effects of TACE in renal tumors.

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Affiliation(s)

Xiaoli Zhang Department of Urology and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China; (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.)
Tingting Li Quzhou Fudan Institute, Quzhou 324002, China; (T.L.); (W.L.) Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
Jindong Tong Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai 201399, China;
Meihong Zhou Department of Urology and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China; (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.)
Zi Wang Department of Urology and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China; (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.)
Xingdang Liu Department of Urology and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China; (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.)
Wei Lu Quzhou Fudan Institute, Quzhou 324002, China; (T.L.); (W.L.) Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
Jingjing Lou Department of Urology and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China; (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.)
Qingtong Yi Department of Urology and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China; (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.)

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Roya M, Mostafapour S, Mohr P, Providência L, Li Z, van Snick JH, Brouwers AH, Noordzij W, Willemsen ATM, Dierckx RAJO, Lammertsma AA, Glaudemans AWJM, Tsoumpas C, Slart RHJA, van Sluis J. Current and Future Use of Long Axial Field-of-View Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Scanners in Clinical Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2023;15:5173. [PMID: 37958347 PMCID: PMC10648837 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open

Affiliation(s)

Mostafa Roya Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (P.M.); (L.P.); (Z.L.); (J.H.v.S.); (A.H.B.); (W.N.); (A.T.M.W.); (R.A.J.O.D.); (A.A.L.); (A.W.J.M.G.); (C.T.); (J.v.S.)
Samaneh Mostafapour Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (P.M.); (L.P.); (Z.L.); (J.H.v.S.); (A.H.B.); (W.N.); (A.T.M.W.); (R.A.J.O.D.); (A.A.L.); (A.W.J.M.G.); (C.T.); (J.v.S.)
Philipp Mohr Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (P.M.); (L.P.); (Z.L.); (J.H.v.S.); (A.H.B.); (W.N.); (A.T.M.W.); (R.A.J.O.D.); (A.A.L.); (A.W.J.M.G.); (C.T.); (J.v.S.)
Laura Providência Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (P.M.); (L.P.); (Z.L.); (J.H.v.S.); (A.H.B.); (W.N.); (A.T.M.W.); (R.A.J.O.D.); (A.A.L.); (A.W.J.M.G.); (C.T.); (J.v.S.)
Zekai Li Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (P.M.); (L.P.); (Z.L.); (J.H.v.S.); (A.H.B.); (W.N.); (A.T.M.W.); (R.A.J.O.D.); (A.A.L.); (A.W.J.M.G.); (C.T.); (J.v.S.)
Johannes H. van Snick Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (P.M.); (L.P.); (Z.L.); (J.H.v.S.); (A.H.B.); (W.N.); (A.T.M.W.); (R.A.J.O.D.); (A.A.L.); (A.W.J.M.G.); (C.T.); (J.v.S.)
Adrienne H. Brouwers Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (P.M.); (L.P.); (Z.L.); (J.H.v.S.); (A.H.B.); (W.N.); (A.T.M.W.); (R.A.J.O.D.); (A.A.L.); (A.W.J.M.G.); (C.T.); (J.v.S.)
Walter Noordzij Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (P.M.); (L.P.); (Z.L.); (J.H.v.S.); (A.H.B.); (W.N.); (A.T.M.W.); (R.A.J.O.D.); (A.A.L.); (A.W.J.M.G.); (C.T.); (J.v.S.)
Antoon T. M. Willemsen Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (P.M.); (L.P.); (Z.L.); (J.H.v.S.); (A.H.B.); (W.N.); (A.T.M.W.); (R.A.J.O.D.); (A.A.L.); (A.W.J.M.G.); (C.T.); (J.v.S.)
Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (P.M.); (L.P.); (Z.L.); (J.H.v.S.); (A.H.B.); (W.N.); (A.T.M.W.); (R.A.J.O.D.); (A.A.L.); (A.W.J.M.G.); (C.T.); (J.v.S.)
Adriaan A. Lammertsma Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (P.M.); (L.P.); (Z.L.); (J.H.v.S.); (A.H.B.); (W.N.); (A.T.M.W.); (R.A.J.O.D.); (A.A.L.); (A.W.J.M.G.); (C.T.); (J.v.S.)
Andor W. J. M. Glaudemans Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (P.M.); (L.P.); (Z.L.); (J.H.v.S.); (A.H.B.); (W.N.); (A.T.M.W.); (R.A.J.O.D.); (A.A.L.); (A.W.J.M.G.); (C.T.); (J.v.S.)
Charalampos Tsoumpas Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (P.M.); (L.P.); (Z.L.); (J.H.v.S.); (A.H.B.); (W.N.); (A.T.M.W.); (R.A.J.O.D.); (A.A.L.); (A.W.J.M.G.); (C.T.); (J.v.S.)
Riemer H. J. A. Slart Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (P.M.); (L.P.); (Z.L.); (J.H.v.S.); (A.H.B.); (W.N.); (A.T.M.W.); (R.A.J.O.D.); (A.A.L.); (A.W.J.M.G.); (C.T.); (J.v.S.) Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enchede, The Netherlands
Joyce van Sluis Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (P.M.); (L.P.); (Z.L.); (J.H.v.S.); (A.H.B.); (W.N.); (A.T.M.W.); (R.A.J.O.D.); (A.A.L.); (A.W.J.M.G.); (C.T.); (J.v.S.)

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Abbate JM, Palazzolo S, Ieni A, Rapisarda GS, Lanteri G. Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma with Testicular Metastases in a Wild Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet Sci 2023;10:471. [PMID: 37505875 PMCID: PMC10384966 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open

Abstract

Melanocytic skin tumours have been rarely described in pet rabbits, and exposure to UV light in sparsely haired areas has been hypothesised to play a cancerogenic role. Here, we describe a case of cutaneous malignant melanoma arising from the skin of the scrotum in an 8-year-old male wild rabbit, with testicular metastases as an unusual metastatic site for melanoma reported in humans to date. The tumour was nearly 5 cm in size, firm, and highly pigmented, with multifocal superficial ulcerations and large areas of intratumoural necrosis. The adjacent testis was 1.5 cm, multinodular, and black, obscuring tissue morphology. Histologically, the dermis was expanded by an infiltrative, densely cellular neoplasm composed of nests and sheets of polygonal to spindle neoplastic melanocytes, supported by scant fibrovascular stroma. Neoplastic cells showed intermediate N/C ratio, moderate basophilic cytoplasm, often obscured by abundant brownish granular pigment, and eccentric nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Cellular pleomorphism and nuclear atypia were severe, and high mitotic activity was observed. Diffuse dermal lymphovascular invasion was also observed. The testis was delimited by a thin tunica albuginea, and the parenchyma was largely obscured in its morphology by densely packed neoplastic cells. Seminiferous tubules, lined with a thin basement membrane and containing neoplastic and scattered spermatogenic cells, were occasionally observed. Neoplastic cells within the skin and the testis were positive for HMB-45, Melan-A, and S-100. The growing popularity of rabbits as pets allows for a greater ability to accumulate data on the spontaneous occurrence of tumours in these animals. Furthermore, descriptions of the biological aspects of spontaneously occurring tumours may serve to improve current knowledge in animal species and humans in which the same neoplasm may occur.

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Wang Z, Wu Y, Li X, Bai Y, Chen H, Ding J, Shen C, Hu Z, Liang D, Liu X, Zheng H, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Wang M, Sun T. Comparison between a dual-time-window protocol and other simplified protocols for dynamic total-body ¹⁸F-FDG PET imaging. EJNMMI Phys 2022;9:63. [PMID: 36104580 PMCID: PMC9474964 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-022-00492-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open

Abstract

PURPOSE

Efforts have been made both to avoid invasive blood sampling and to shorten the scan duration for dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. A total-body scanner, such as the uEXPLORER PET/CT, can relieve these challenges through the following features: First, the whole-body coverage allows for noninvasive input function from the aortic arteries; second, with a dramatic increase in sensitivity, image quality can still be maintained at a high level even with a shorter scan duration than usual. We implemented a dual-time-window (DTW) protocol for a dynamic total-body 18F-FDG PET scan to obtain multiple kinetic parameters. The DTW protocol was then compared to several other simplified quantification methods for total-body FDG imaging that were proposed for conventional setup.

METHODS

The research included 28 patient scans performed on an uEXPLORER PET/CT. By discarding the corresponding data in the middle of the existing full 60-min dynamic scan, the DTW protocol was simulated. Nonlinear fitting was used to estimate the missing data in the interval. The full input function was obtained from 15 subjects using a hybrid approach with a population-based image-derived input function. Quantification was carried out in three areas: the cerebral cortex, muscle, and tumor lesion. Micro- and macro-kinetic parameters for different scan durations were estimated by assuming an irreversible two-tissue compartment model. The visual performance of parametric images and region of interest-based quantification in several parameters were evaluated. Furthermore, simplified quantification methods (DTW, Patlak, fractional uptake ratio [FUR], and standardized uptake value [SUV]) were compared for similarity to the reference net influx rate Ki.

RESULTS

Ki and K1 derived from the DTW protocol showed overall good consistency (P < 0.01) with the reference from the 60-min dynamic scan with 10-min early scan and 5-min late scan (Ki correlation: 0.971, 0.990, and 0.990; K1 correlation: 0.820, 0.940, and 0.975 in the cerebral cortex, muscle, and tumor lesion, respectively). Similar correlationss were found for other micro-parameters. The DTW protocol had the lowest bias relative to standard Ki than any of the quantification methods, followed by FUR and Patlak. SUV had the weakest correlation with Ki. The whole-body Ki and K1 images generated by the DTW protocol were consistent with the reference parametric images.

CONCLUSIONS

Using the DTW protocol, the dynamic total-body FDG scan time can be reduced to 15 min while obtaining accurate Ki and K1 quantification and acceptable visual performance in parametric images. However, the trade-off between quantification accuracy and protocol implementation feasibility must be considered in practice. We recommend that the DTW protocol be used when the clinical task requires reliable visual assessment or quantifying multiple micro-parameters; FUR with a hybrid input function may be a more feasible approach to quantifying regional metabolic rate with a known lesion position or organs of interest.

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Affiliation(s)

Zhenguo Wang Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
Yaping Wu Henan Provincial People's Hospital and the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, University of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
Xiaochen Li Henan Provincial People's Hospital and the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, University of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
Yan Bai Henan Provincial People's Hospital and the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, University of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
Hongzhao Chen Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
Jie Ding Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
Chushu Shen Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
Zhanli Hu Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
Dong Liang Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
Xin Liu Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
Hairong Zheng Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
Yongfeng Yang Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
Yun Zhou Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People's Republic of China School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
Meiyun Wang Henan Provincial People's Hospital and the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, University of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
Tao Sun Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. United Imaging Research Institute of Innovative Medical Equipment, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.

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Wu Y, Feng T, Zhao Y, Xu T, Fu F, Huang Z, Meng N, Li H, Shao F, Wang M. Whole-body Parametric Imaging of FDG PET using uEXPLORER with Reduced Scan Time. J Nucl Med 2021;63:622-628. [PMID: 34385335 PMCID: PMC8973287 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.261651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open

Abstract

Parametric imaging of the net influx rate (K_i) in ¹⁸F-FDG PET has been shown to provide improved quantification and specificity for cancer detection compared with SUV imaging. Current methods of generating parametric images usually require a long dynamic scanning time. With the recently developed uEXPLORER scanner, a dramatic increase in sensitivity has reduced the noise in dynamic imaging, making it more robust to use a nonlinear estimation method and flexible protocols. In this work, we explored 2 new possible protocols besides the standard 60-min one for the possibility of reducing scanning time for K_i imaging. Methods: The gold standard protocol (protocol 1) was conventional dynamic scanning with a 60-min scanning time. The first proposed protocol (protocol 2) included 2 scanning periods: 0–4 min and 54–60 min after injection. The second proposed protocol (protocol 3) consisted of a single scanning period from 50 to 60 min after injection, with a second injection applied at 56 min. The 2 new protocols were simulated from the 60-min standard scans. A hybrid input function combining the population-based input function and the image-derived input function (IDIF) was used. The results were also compared with the IDIF acquired from protocol 1. A previously developed maximum-likelihood approach was used to estimate the K_i images. In total, 7 cancer patients imaged using the uEXPLORER scanner were enrolled in this study. Lesions were identified from the patient data, and the lesion K_i values were compared among the different protocols. Results: The acquired hybrid input function was comparable in shape to the IDIF for each patient. The average difference in area under the curve was about 3%, suggesting good quantitative accuracy. The visual difference between the K_i images generated using IDIF and those generated using the hybrid input function was also minimal. The acquired K_i images using different protocols were visually comparable. The average K_i difference in the lesions was 2.8% ± 2.1% for protocol 2 and 1% ± 2.2% for protocol 3. Conclusion: The results suggest that it is possible to acquire K_i images using the nonlinear estimation approach with a much-reduced scanning time. Between the 2 new protocols, the protocol with dual injection shows the greatest promise in terms of practicality.

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Feng T, Zhao Y, Shi H, Li H, Zhang X, Wang G, Price PM, Badawi RD, Cherry SR, Jones T. Total-Body Quantitative Parametric Imaging of Early Kinetics of ¹⁸F-FDG. J Nucl Med 2020;62:738-744. [PMID: 32948679 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.238113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open

Abstract

Parametric imaging has been shown to provide better quantitation physiologically than SUV imaging in PET. With the increased sensitivity from a recently developed total-body PET scanner, whole-body scans with higher temporal resolution become possible for dynamic analysis and parametric imaging. In this paper, we focus on deriving the parameter k ₁ using compartmental modeling and on developing a method to acquire whole-body ¹⁸F-FDG PET parametric images using only the first 90 s of the postinjection scan data with the total-body PET system. Methods: Dynamic projections were acquired with a time interval of 1 s for the first 30 s and a time interval of 2 s for the following minute. Image-derived input functions were acquired from the reconstructed dynamic sequences in the ascending aorta. A 1-tissue-compartment model with 4 parameters (k ₁, k ₂, blood fraction, and delay time) was used. A maximum-likelihood-based estimation method was developed with the 1-tissue-compartment model solution. The accuracy of the acquired parameters was compared with the ones estimated using a 2-tissue-compartment irreversible model with 1-h-long data. Results: All 4 parametric images were successfully calculated using data from 2 volunteers. By comparing the time-activity curves acquired from the volumes of interest, we showed that the parameters estimated using our method were able to predict the time-activity curves of the early dynamics of ¹⁸F-FDG in different organs. The delay-time effects for different organs were also clearly visible in the reconstructed delay-time image with delay variations of as large as 40 s. The estimated parameters using both 90-s data and 1-h data agreed well for k ₁ and blood fraction, whereas a large difference in k ₂ was found between the 90-s and 1-h data, suggesting k ₂ cannot be reliably estimated from the 90-s scan. Conclusion: We have shown that with total-body PET and the increased sensitivity, it is possible to estimate parametric images based on the very early dynamics after ¹⁸F-FDG injection. The estimated k ₁ might potentially be used clinically as an indicator for identifying abnormalities.

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Pitman KE, Alluri SR, Kristian A, Aarnes EK, Lyng H, Riss PJ, Malinen E. Influx rate of ¹⁸F-fluoroaminosuberic acid reflects cystine/glutamate antiporter expression in tumour xenografts. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019;46:2190-2198. [PMID: 31264167 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]

Abstract

PURPOSE

¹⁸F-fluoroaminosuberic acid (¹⁸F-FASu) is a recently developed amino acid tracer for positron emission tomography (PET) of oxidative stress that may offer improved tumour assessment over the conventional tracer ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG). Our aim was to evaluate and relate dynamic ¹⁸F-FASu and ¹⁸F-FDG uptake with pharmacokinetic modelling to transporter protein expression levels in a panel of diverse tumour xenograft lines.

METHODS

Four different tumour xenograft lines were implanted in female athymic nude mice: MAS98.12 and HBCx3 (breast), TPMX (osteosarcoma) and A549 (lung). Dynamic PET over 60 min was performed on a small animal unit. The time-activity curves (TACs) for ¹⁸F-FASu and ¹⁸F-FDG in individual tumours were used to extract early (SUV_E; 2 min p.i.) and late (SUV_L; 55 min p.i.) standardised uptake values. Pharmacokinetic two-tissue compartment models were applied to the TACs to estimate rate constants K₁-k₄ and blood volume fraction v_B. Relative levels of cystine/glutamate antiporter subunit xCT were assessed by western blotting, and expression of GLUT1 and CD31 by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS

¹⁸F-FASu showed higher SUV_E, whilst ¹⁸F-FDG exhibited higher SUV_L. Influx rate K₁ for ¹⁸F-FASu was significantly correlated with xCT levels (p = 0.001) and was significantly higher than K₁ for ¹⁸F-FDG (p < 0.001). K₁ for ¹⁸F-FDG was significantly correlated with GLUT1 levels (p = 0.002). v_B estimated from ¹⁸F-FASu and ¹⁸F-FDG TACs was highly consistent and significantly correlated (r = 0.85, p < 0.001). Two qualitatively different ¹⁸F-FASu uptake profiles were identified: type α with low xCT expression and low K₁ (A549 and HBCx3), and type β with high xCT expression and high K₁ (MAS98.12 and TPMX).

CONCLUSION

The influx rate of ¹⁸F-FASu reflects xCT activity in tumour xenografts. Dynamic PET with pharmacokinetic modelling is needed to fully appraise ¹⁸F-FASu distribution routes.

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Rahmim A, Lodge MA, Karakatsanis NA, Panin VY, Zhou Y, McMillan A, Cho S, Zaidi H, Casey ME, Wahl RL. Dynamic whole-body PET imaging: principles, potentials and applications. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018;46:501-518. [PMID: 30269154 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]

Wu JG, Song SL, Zhou X, Wang F, Zhu YY, Xie L, Zhang F, Huang G. Biometabolic Distribution of 99mTc-3PRGD2 and Its Potential Value in Monitoring Chemotherapeutic Effects. Mol Imaging 2015;14:11-12. [PMID: 26650015 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2015.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open

Abstract

Previous studies have reported that 99mTc-3PRGD2 is an excellent tumor imaging agent that showed a good correlation with integrin αvβ3, a main factor of tumor-induced angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the biometabolic distribution characteristics of 99mTc-3PRGD2 with a continuous dynamic acquisition mode to explore the potential value of 99mTc-3PRGD2 in monitoring chemotherapeutic effects in VX2 tumor models. Eighteen rabbits with 27 implanted VX2 squamous cell tumors were randomly divided into a nontreated control group (NTG, n = 8; 12 tumors) and a treatment group (TG, n = 10; 15 tumors). 99mTc-3PRGD2 imaging was performed prior to cisplatin injection and repeated on days 0, 1, 7, and 14 postinjection. Continuous dynamic scanning up to 30 minutes; static imaging at 0.5 hours, 1 hour, and 3 hours; and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT)-integrated imaging at 3 hours post-99mTc-3PRGD2 injection were performed. The peak time (time to reach peak in dynamic curve), tumor to normal (T/N) ratios, and their change rates relative to pretherapy were calculated. Autoradiography, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, and CD31 and integrin αv immunohistochemical staining were examined. VX2 tumors were clearly visualized at 3 hours post-99mTc-3PRGD2 injection. Tumors in the TG shrank significantly on day 7 after cisplatin administration (p < .05). The half-life (t1/2) of the radiotracer in heart, liver, and tumor in the NTG were 3.43 ± 0.94 minutes, 13.41 ± 9.17 minutes, and 70.83 ± 33.37 minutes, respectively. The peak time was delayed in the TG immediately and continuously after cisplatin administration compared to the peak time in the NTG. The T/N values and their change rates decreased significantly in the TG compared to the NTG after therapy (p < .05). The immunostained areas were significantly decreased in the TG (p < .05) compared to the NTG. 99mTc-3PRGD2 was an excellent imaging agent for demonstrating tumor angiogenesis. The peak time, T/N values, and their change rates were sensitive parameters to monitor early chemotherapeutic effects. Due to the specific target mechanism and the cost-effective value of 99mTc-3PRGD2, 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT imaging may have potential in detecting the therapeutic effects of anticancer therapy.

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Bowen SL, Byars LG, Michel CJ, Chonde DB, Catana C. Influence of the partial volume correction method on (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose brain kinetic modelling from dynamic PET images reconstructed with resolution model based OSEM. Phys Med Biol 2013;58:7081-106. [PMID: 24052021 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/20/7081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]

Abstract

Kinetic parameters estimated from dynamic (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) PET acquisitions have been used frequently to assess brain function in humans. Neglecting partial volume correction (PVC) for a dynamic series has been shown to produce significant bias in model estimates. Accurate PVC requires a space-variant model describing the reconstructed image spatial point spread function (PSF) that accounts for resolution limitations, including non-uniformities across the field of view due to the parallax effect. For ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM), image resolution convergence is local and influenced significantly by the number of iterations, the count density, and background-to-target ratio. As both count density and background-to-target values for a brain structure can change during a dynamic scan, the local image resolution may also concurrently vary. When PVC is applied post-reconstruction the kinetic parameter estimates may be biased when neglecting the frame-dependent resolution. We explored the influence of the PVC method and implementation on kinetic parameters estimated by fitting (18)F-FDG dynamic data acquired on a dedicated brain PET scanner and reconstructed with and without PSF modelling in the OSEM algorithm. The performance of several PVC algorithms was quantified with a phantom experiment, an anthropomorphic Monte Carlo simulation, and a patient scan. Using the last frame reconstructed image only for regional spread function (RSF) generation, as opposed to computing RSFs for each frame independently, and applying perturbation geometric transfer matrix PVC with PSF based OSEM produced the lowest magnitude bias kinetic parameter estimates in most instances, although at the cost of increased noise compared to the PVC methods utilizing conventional OSEM. Use of the last frame RSFs for PVC with no PSF modelling in the OSEM algorithm produced the lowest bias in cerebral metabolic rate of glucose estimates, although by less than 5% in most cases compared to the other PVC methods. The results indicate that the PVC implementation and choice of PSF modelling in the reconstruction can significantly impact model parameters.

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Banco B, Stefanello D, Giudice C, D’Acierno M, Giancamillo MD, Grieco V. Metastasizing testicular seminoma in a pet rabbit. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012;24:608-11. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638712441184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open

Affiliation(s)

Barbara Banco Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Milano, Italy (Banco, Giudice, Grieco) Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy (Stefanello, Di Giancamillo) School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy (D’Acierno)
Damiano Stefanello Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Milano, Italy (Banco, Giudice, Grieco) Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy (Stefanello, Di Giancamillo) School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy (D’Acierno)
Chiara Giudice Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Milano, Italy (Banco, Giudice, Grieco) Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy (Stefanello, Di Giancamillo) School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy (D’Acierno)
Massimo D’Acierno Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Milano, Italy (Banco, Giudice, Grieco) Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy (Stefanello, Di Giancamillo) School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy (D’Acierno)
Mauro Di Giancamillo Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Milano, Italy (Banco, Giudice, Grieco) Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy (Stefanello, Di Giancamillo) School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy (D’Acierno)
Valeria Grieco Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Milano, Italy (Banco, Giudice, Grieco) Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy (Stefanello, Di Giancamillo) School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy (D’Acierno)

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Skoura E, Datseris IE, Platis I, Oikonomopoulos G, Syrigos KN. Role of positron emission tomography in the early prediction of response to chemotherapy in patients with non--small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2011;13:181-7. [PMID: 22137017 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]

Song S, Xiong C, Zhou M, Lu W, Huang Q, Ku G, Zhao J, Flores LG, Ni Y, Li C. Small-animal PET of tumor damage induced by photothermal ablation with 64Cu-bis-DOTA-hypericin. J Nucl Med 2011;52:792-9. [PMID: 21498539 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.086116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open

Abstract

UNLABELLED

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential application of small-molecular-weight (64)Cu-labeled bis-DOTA-hypericin in the noninvasive assessment of response to photothermal ablation therapy.

METHODS

Bis-DOTA-hypericin was labeled with (64)Cu with high efficiency (>95% without purification). Nine mice bearing subcutaneous human mammary BT474 tumors were used. Five mice were injected intratumorally with semiconductor CuS nanoparticles, followed by near-infrared laser irradiation 24 h later (12 W/cm(2) for 3 min), and 4 mice were not treated (control group). All mice were intravenously injected with (64)Cu-bis-DOTA-hypericin (24 h after laser treatment in treated mice). Small-animal PET images were acquired at 2, 6, and 24 h after radiotracer injection. All mice were killed immediately after the imaging session for biodistribution and histology study. In vitro cell uptake and surface plasmon resonance studies were performed to validate the small-animal PET results.

RESULTS

(64)Cu-bis-DOTA-hypericin uptake was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group. The percentage injected dose per gram of tissue in the treated and control groups was 1.72 ± 0.43 and 0.76 ± 0.19, respectively (P = 0.017), at 24 h after injection. Autoradiography and histology results were consistent with selective uptake of the radiotracer in the necrotic zone of the tumor induced by photothermal ablation therapy. In vitro results showed that treated BT474 cells had a higher uptake of (64)Cu-bis-DOTA-hypericin than nontreated cells. Surface plasmon resonance study showed that bis-DOTA-hypericin had higher binding affinity to phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine than to phosphatidylcholine.

CONCLUSION

(64)Cu-bis-DOTA-hypericin has a potential to image thermal therapy-induced tumor cell damage. The affinity of (64)Cu-bis-DOTA-hypericin for injured tissues may be attributed to the breakdown of the cell membrane and exposure of phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylethanolamine to the radiotracer, which binds selectively to these phospholipids.

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