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Arifin DR, Bulte JWM. In Vivo Imaging of Pancreatic Islet Grafts in Diabetes Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:640117. [PMID: 33737913 PMCID: PMC7961081 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.640117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of pancreatic islets has potential to offer life-long blood glucose management in type I diabetes and severe type II diabetes without the need of exogenous insulin administration. However, islet cell therapy suffers from autoimmune and allogeneic rejection as well as non-immune related factors. Non-invasive techniques to monitor and evaluate the fate of cell implants in vivo are essential to understand the underlying causes of graft failure, and hence to improve the precision and efficacy of islet therapy. This review describes how imaging technology has been employed to interrogate the distribution, number or volume, viability, and function of islet implants in vivo. To date, fluorescence imaging, PET, SPECT, BLI, MRI, MPI, and ultrasonography are the many imaging modalities being developed to fulfill this endeavor. We outline here the advantages, limitations, and clinical utility of each particular imaging approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian R. Arifin
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeff W. M. Bulte
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeff W. M. Bulte,
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Zheng L, Wang Y, Yang B, Zhang B, Wu Y. Islet Transplantation Imaging in vivo. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3301-3311. [PMID: 33061492 PMCID: PMC7520574 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s263253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although islet transplantation plays an effective and powerful role in the treatment of diabetes, a large amount of islet grafts are lost at an early stage due to instant blood-mediated inflammatory reactions, immune rejection, and β-cell toxicity resulting from immunosuppressive agents. Timely intervention based on the viability and function of the transplanted islets at an early stage is crucial. Various islet transplantation imaging techniques are available for monitoring the conditions of post-transplanted islets. Due to the development of various imaging modalities and the continuous study of contrast agents, non-invasive islet transplantation imaging in vivo has made great progress. The tracing and functional evaluation of transplanted islets in vivo have thus become possible. However, most studies on contrast agent and imaging modalities are limited to animal experiments, and long-term toxicity and stability need further evaluation. Accordingly, the clinical application of the current achievements still requires a large amount of effort. In this review, we discuss the contrast agents for MRI, SPECT/PET, BLI/FI, US, MPI, PAI, and multimodal imaging. We further summarize the advantages and limitations of various molecular imaging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinghao Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Bo Zhang; Yulian Wu Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China Tel/Fax +86 571 87783563 Email ;
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China
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Pan Y, Lv J, Pan D, Xu Y, Yang M, Ju H, Zhou J, Zhu L, Zhao Q, Zhang Y. Evaluating the utility of human glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor gene as a novel radionuclide reporter gene: a promising molecular imaging tool. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:1311-1324. [PMID: 30560451 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabelled ligands of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) have been used to image the GLP-1R-expressing tissues (e.g., islets and insulinoma). Here, we introduced human glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (hglp-1r) gene as a novel radionuclide reporter gene to broaden its applications in molecular imaging in vivo. Transient and stable baculoviral vectors (BV) were re-constructed and used to transfer the hglp-1r gene or enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) reporter gene into the stem cells or tumor cells. Cell proliferation assay and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that BV-mediated reporter gene transferring and expression was biosafe and highly efficient. The BV-mediated exogenous hGLP-1R in target cells showed same ligand-receptor binding characteristics compared with its counterpart in insulinoma cells. Furthermore, the ligand-receptor binding assay showed a high affinity (IC50 = 0.3708 nM) and robust correlation (R2 = 0.9264) between the fluorescein-tagged or radiolabeled ligand probes and exogenous hGLP-1R in target cells. The target cells transferred with BV-mediated hGLP-1R could be clearly visualized in nude mice by micro-PET, which was capable of the purposes of short-term tracking transplanted stem cells or long-term monitoring tumor formation. Then, the image-based analysis and bio-distribution analysis quantitatively confirmed high target-to-background ratio of hGLP-1R-expressing cells. This study also investigated the endogenous GLP-1R-expressing organs/tissues in nude mice in the hGLP-1R radionuclide reporter gene imaging. Summarily, we evaluated the utility of hglp-1r gene as a novel radionuclide reporter gene, and demonstrated that it was a favorable and promising candidate of molecular imaging tool, which would expand the spectrum of radionuclide reporter gene imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Ju
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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Pan Y, Lv J, Pan D, Yang M, Ju H, Zhou J, Zhu L, Zhang Y. Retrofitting baculoviral vector with Sleeping Beauty transposon system: competent for long-term reporter gene imaging in vivo. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:1933-1943. [PMID: 29356866 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reporter gene imaging is widely used for non-invasively detecting tumorigenesis, trafficking therapeutic cells, and monitoring treatment effect. Baculoviral vectors (BVs) have been utilized as transgenic vectors in the reporter gene imaging systems in recent years. However, BV-mediated report gene imaging can only provide short-term investigation due to its transient transgene expression, which is incompetent for the long-term applications. In the current study, we reconstructed a series of hybrid BVs with several elements, to investigate the feasibility of this hybrid BV-mediated long-term reporter gene imaging in vivo. We showed that with the indispensable assistance of a positive-selection process, hybrid BV containing Sleeping Beauty 100× (SB) transposon system (BV-SB) could significantly prolong the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression for at least 180 days in vitro at nearly 100% eGFP positive percentage and over 1011 arbitrary unit total fluorescence intensity, whereas other hybrid BV-mediated transgene expression gradually faded in only 20 days. Furthermore, BV-SB-mediated eGFP fluorescent reporter gene imaging monitored tumorigenesis in the nude mice for at least 35 days. In addition, we exploited the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (glp-1r) gene as a radionuclide reporter gene for in vivo micro-PET imaging. At 50th day post-tumor transplantation, the micro-PET imaging showed considerable radiotracer-receptor-binding in vivo, resulted by stable high level of BV-SB-mediated GLP-1R expression in tumor. In summary, we retrofitted BV with the SB transposon system to make it competent for the long-term reporter gene imaging in vivo, which might broaden the application scopes of BV in the long-term molecular imaging and other biomedicine research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Rui Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Rui Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, China
| | - Huijun Ju
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Rui Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jinxin Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Rui Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Rui Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Rui Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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A Novel Ideal Radionuclide Imaging System for Non-invasively Cell Monitoring built on Baculovirus Backbone by Introducing Sleeping Beauty Transposon. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43879. [PMID: 28262785 PMCID: PMC5338331 DOI: 10.1038/srep43879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon is an attractive tool in stable transgene integration both in vitro and in vivo; and we introduced SB transposon into recombinant sodium-iodide symporter baculovirus system (Bac-NIS system) to facilitate long-term expression of recombinant sodium-iodide symporter. In our study, two hybrid baculovirus systems (Bac-eGFP-SB-NeoR and Bac-NIS-SB-NeoR) were successfully constructed and used to infect U87 glioma cells. After G418 selection screening, the Bac-eGFP-SB-NeoR-U87 cells remained eGFP positive, at the 18th and 196th day post transfection (96.03 ± 0.21% and 97.43 ± 0.81%), while eGFP positive population declined significantly at 18 days in cells transfected with unmodified baculovirus construct. NIS gene expression by Bac-NIS-SB-NeoR-U87 cells was also maintained for 28 weeks as determined by radioiodine uptake assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot (WB) assay. When transplanted in mice, Bac-NIS-SB-NeoR-U87 cells also expressed NIS gene stably as monitored by SPECT imaging for 43 days until the tumor-bearing mice were sacrificed. Herein, we showed that incorporation of SB in Bac-NIS system (hybrid Bac-NIS-SB-NeoR) can achieve a long-term transgene expression and can improve radionuclide imaging in cell tracking and monitoring in vivo.
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