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Rocca C, Grande F, Granieri MC, Colombo B, De Bartolo A, Giordano F, Rago V, Amodio N, Tota B, Cerra MC, Rizzuti B, Corti A, Angelone T, Pasqua T. The chromogranin A 1-373 fragment reveals how a single change in the protein sequence exerts strong cardioregulatory effects by engaging neuropilin-1. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13570. [PMID: 33073482 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Chromogranin A (CgA), a 439-residue long protein, is an important cardiovascular regulator and a precursor of various bioactive fragments. Under stressful/pathological conditions, CgA cleavage generates the CgA1-373 proangiogenic fragment. The present work investigated the possibility that human CgA1-373 influences the mammalian cardiac performance, evaluating the role of its C-terminal sequence. METHODS Haemodynamic assessment was performed on an ex vivo Langendorff rat heart model, while mechanistic studies were performed using perfused hearts, H9c2 cardiomyocytes and in silico. RESULTS On the ex vivo heart, CgA1-373 elicited direct dose-dependent negative inotropism and vasodilation, while CgA1-372 , a fragment lacking the C-terminal R373 residue, was ineffective. Antibodies against the PGPQLR373 C-terminal sequence abrogated the CgA1-373 -dependent cardiac and coronary modulation. Ex vivo studies showed that CgA1-373 -dependent effects were mediated by endothelium, neuropilin-1 (NRP1) receptor, Akt/NO/Erk1,2 pathways, nitric oxide (NO) production and S-nitrosylation. In vitro experiments on H9c2 cardiomyocytes indicated that CgA1-373 also induced eNOS activation directly on the cardiomyocyte component by NRP1 targeting and NO involvement and provided beneficial action against isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy, by reducing the increase in cell surface area and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) release. Molecular docking and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations strongly supported the hypothesis that the C-terminal R373 residue of CgA1-373 directly interacts with NRP1. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CgA1-373 is a new cardioregulatory hormone and that the removal of R373 represents a critical switch for turning "off" its cardioregulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho‐Physiology Department of Biology, E. and E.S. University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Fedora Grande
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Analytical Chemistry Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Granieri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho‐Physiology Department of Biology, E. and E.S. University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Barbara Colombo
- Division of Experimental Oncology Vita‐Salute San Raffaele University–Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Anna De Bartolo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho‐Physiology Department of Biology, E. and E.S. University of Calabria Rende Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro Catanzaro Italy
| | - Bruno Tota
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho‐Physiology Department of Biology, E. and E.S. University of Calabria Rende Italy
- Laboratory of Organ and System Physiology Department of Biology, E. and E.S. University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- Laboratory of Organ and System Physiology Department of Biology, E. and E.S. University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Bruno Rizzuti
- CNR‐NANOTEC Licryl‐UOS Cosenza and CEMIF.Cal Department of Physics University of Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- Division of Experimental Oncology Vita‐Salute San Raffaele University–Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho‐Physiology Department of Biology, E. and E.S. University of Calabria Rende Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC) Bologna Italy
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho‐Physiology Department of Biology, E. and E.S. University of Calabria Rende Italy
- "Fondazione Umberto Veronesi" Milan Italy
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Cardiac and Metabolic Impact of Functional Foods with Antioxidant Properties Based on Whey Derived Proteins Enriched with Hemp Seed Oil. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111066. [PMID: 33143213 PMCID: PMC7692817 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The impaired ability to feed properly, evident in oncologic, elderly, and dysphagic patients, may result in malnutrition and sarcopenia. Increasing the consumption of dietary proteins by functional foods and enriching their composition by adding beneficial nutrients may represent an adjuvant therapy. We aimed to evaluate the safety and the positive effects of a standard diet (SD) supplemented with whey-derived protein puddings (WDPP), with appropriate rheological properties, and hemp seed oil (HSO), rich in polyphenols. Rats were assigned to SD, WDPP, WDPP plus hemp seed oil (HSOP), and HSO supplemented diets for eight weeks. “Anthropometric”, metabolic, and biochemical variables, oxidative stress, tissue injury, liver histology, and cardiac susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion were analyzed. All the supplementations did not induce significant changes in biochemical and metabolic variables, also in relation to glucose tolerance, and livers did not undergo morphological alteration and injury. An improvement of cardiac post-ischemic function in the Langendorff perfused heart model and a reduction of infarct size were observed in WDPP and HSOP groups, thanks to their antioxidant effects and the activation of Akt- and AMPK-dependent protective pathways. Data suggest that (i) functional foods enriched with WDPP and HSOP may be used to approach malnutrition and sarcopenia successfully under disabling conditions, also conferring cardioprotection, and that (ii) adequate rheological properties could positively impact dysphagia-related problems.
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Polyphenols of cambuci (Campomanesia phaea (O. Berg.)) fruit ameliorate insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in obese mice. Food Chem 2020; 340:128169. [PMID: 33007695 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols from cambuci (CBC) (Campomanesia phaea (O. Berg.)), a Brazilian native fruit, were investigated on therapeutic actions mitigating insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in high-fat-sucrose diet (HFS) induced obese mice. For this, C57BL/6J mice fed with a obesogenic and diabetogenic HFS diet were administered with either water or two CBC doses (36 or 74 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/kg body weight) by gavage from week 6 to week 14 (end-point) of HFS feeding. CBC reduced body weight gain, inflammation, hepatic steatosis, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance in liver and skeletal muscle of obese mice, and such effects were associated with activation of Akt and AMPK in these tissues. In conclusion, polyphenols from CBC show important therapeutic actions ameliorating obesity-associated complications.
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Rocca C, Scavello F, Colombo B, Gasparri AM, Dallatomasina A, Granieri MC, Amelio D, Pasqua T, Cerra MC, Tota B, Corti A, Angelone T. Physiological levels of chromogranin A prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity without impairing its anticancer activity. FASEB J 2019; 33:7734-7747. [PMID: 30973759 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802707r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of doxorubicin (Doxo), a widely used anticancer chemotherapeutic drug, is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. We have investigated whether chromogranin A (CgA), a cardioregulatory protein released in the blood by the neuroendocrine system and by the heart itself, may contribute to regulation of the cardiotoxic and antitumor activities of Doxo. The effects of a physiologic dose of full-length recombinant CgA on Doxo-induced cardiotoxicity and antitumor activity were investigated in rats using in vivo and ex vivo models and in murine models of melanoma, fibrosarcoma, lymphoma, and lung cancer, respectively. The effect of Doxo on circulating levels of CgA was also investigated. In vivo and ex vivo mechanistic studies showed that CgA can prevent Doxo-induced heart inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, fibrosis, and ischemic injury. On the other hand, CgA did not impair the anticancer activity of Doxo in all the murine models investigated. Furthermore, we observed that Doxo can reduce the intracardiac expression and release of CgA in the blood (i.e., an important cardioprotective agent). These findings suggest that administration of low-dose CgA to patients with low levels of endogenous CgA might represent a novel approach to prevent Doxo-induced adverse events without impairing antitumor effects.-Rocca, C., Scavello, F., Colombo, B., Gasparri, A. M., Dallatomasina, A., Granieri, M. C., Amelio, D., Pasqua, T., Cerra, M. C., Tota, B., Corti, A., Angelone, T. Physiological levels of chromogranin A prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity without impairing its anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Francesco Scavello
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Barbara Colombo
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gasparri
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Dallatomasina
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Granieri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Daniela Amelio
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Bruno Tota
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
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Rocca C, Scavello F, Granieri MC, Pasqua T, Amodio N, Imbrogno S, Gattuso A, Mazza R, Cerra MC, Angelone T. Phoenixin-14: detection and novel physiological implications in cardiac modulation and cardioprotection. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:743-756. [PMID: 28965207 PMCID: PMC11105561 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phoenixin-14 (PNX) is a newly identified peptide co-expressed in the hypothalamus with the anorexic and cardioactive Nesfatin-1. Like Nesfatin-1, PNX is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and this suggests a role in peripheral modulation. Preliminary mass spectrography data indicate that, in addition to the hypothalamus, PNX is present in the mammalian heart. This study aimed to quantify PNX expression in the rat heart, and to evaluate whether the peptide influences the myocardial function under basal condition and in the presence of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). By ELISA the presence of PNX was detected in both hypothalamus and heart. In plasma of normal, but not of obese rats, the peptide concentrations increased after meal. Exposure of the isolated and Langendorff perfused rat heart to exogenous PNX induces a reduction of contractility and relaxation, without effects on coronary pressure and heart rate. As revealed by immunoblotting, these effects were accompanied by an increase of Erk1/2, Akt and eNOS phosphorylation. PNX (EC50 dose), administered after ischemia, induced post-conditioning-like cardioprotection. This was revealed by a smaller infarct size and a better systolic recovery with respect to those detected on hearts exposed to I/R alone. The peptide also activates the cardioprotective RISK and SAFE cascades and inhibits apoptosis. These effects were also observed in the heart of obese rats. Our data provide a first evidence on the peripheral activity of PNX and on its direct cardiomodulatory and cardioprotective role under both normal conditions and in the presence of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rocca
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - F Scavello
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - M C Granieri
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - T Pasqua
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - N Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - S Imbrogno
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Lab of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - A Gattuso
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Lab of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - R Mazza
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Lab of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy.
- Lab of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy.
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Waltenberger B, Mocan A, Šmejkal K, Heiss EH, Atanasov AG. Natural Products to Counteract the Epidemic of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders. Molecules 2016; 21:807. [PMID: 27338339 PMCID: PMC4928700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have always been exploited to promote health and served as a valuable source for the discovery of new drugs. In this review, the great potential of natural compounds and medicinal plants for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, global health problems with rising prevalence, is addressed. Special emphasis is laid on natural products for which efficacy and safety have already been proven and which are in clinical trials, as well as on plants used in traditional medicine. Potential benefits from certain dietary habits and dietary constituents, as well as common molecular targets of natural products, are also briefly discussed. A glimpse at the history of statins and biguanides, two prominent representatives of natural products (or their derivatives) in the fight against metabolic disease, is also included. The present review aims to serve as an "opening" of this special issue of Molecules, presenting key historical developments, recent advances, and future perspectives outlining the potential of natural products for prevention or therapy of cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland
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