Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis for the Pediatric Orthopedic Surgeon

Simultaneous Bilateral Total hip Arthroplasty in Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis via Direct Anterior Approach: Long-Term Outcomes

Background

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) often results in significant bilateral hip damage, necessitating total hip arthroplasty (THA). Simultaneous bilateral THA offers potential advantages, particularly when executed via the Direct Anterior Approach (DAA). This study aims to assess the functional, radiological, and patient-reported outcomes, along with the complications of bilateral uncemented THA performed via DAA in patients with JIA.

Methods

A retrospective review of 39 patients with JIA who underwent bilateral THA via DAA from January 2006-January 2015 was conducted. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined, focusing on a minimum of 7 years of post-THA follow-up. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Harris Hip Score.

Results

Data were available for 33 patients (66 hips). The mean age at surgery was 21.3 years, and the average follow-up was 11.3 years. All patients reported severe bilateral hip pain presurgery, which was alleviated post-THA. The mean preoperative Harris Hip Score improved from 49.6-79.7 postoperatively. Complications included 3 calcar cracks, 2 greater trochanter fractures, and 1 superficial wound dehiscence. No instances of dislocation, postoperative periprosthetic fracture, or any revision surgery were recorded.

Conclusions

Simultaneous bilateral THA using DAA is an effective and safe surgical approach for patients with JIA with bilateral end-stage hip involvement, providing notable improvements in functional and radiological outcomes while maintaining a favorable complication profile.

Level of evidence

IV.

Heel pain in young athletes - not always Sever's Disease: A Narrative Review

Heel pain is a prevalent issue in young athletes, often arising from overuse and increased sporting demands. While Sever's Disease is the predominant cause, various other entities, including stress-related injuries and pathologies like tumors and bone lesions, contribute to this condition. The complex hind foot anatomy, encompassing ossicles, physis, and soft tissues, may lead to heel pain. This study aims to provide physicians with a clinically oriented narrative review of adolescent heel pain, supported by illustrative cases. CONCLUSION: This study aims to offer physicians a comprehensive understanding of the concepts surrounding heel pain in adolescents. By presenting clinically relevant information and illustrated cases, it seeks to enhance medical practitioners' ability to diagnose and manage heel pain effectively in this specific demographic.

Systematic review and network meta-analysis of different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for juvenile idiopathic arthritis

BACKGROUND

Various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). However, the optimal method for JIA has not yet been developed.

AIM

To perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis to determine the optimal instructions.

METHODS

We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CNKI, and Wanfang without restriction for publication date or language at August, 2023. Any RCTs that comparing the effectiveness of NSAIDs with each other or placebo for JIA were included in this network meta-analysis. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) analysis was used to rank the treatments. P value less than 0.05 was identified as statistically significant.

RESULTS

We included 8 RCTs (1127 patients) comparing 8 different instructions including meloxicam (0.125 qd and 0.250 qd), Celecoxib (3 mg/kg bid and 6 mg/kg bid), piroxicam, Naproxen (5.0 mg/kg/d, 7.5 mg/kg/d and 12.5 mg/kg/d), inuprofen (30-40 mg/kg/d), Aspirin (60-80 mg/kg/d, 75 mg/kg/d, and 55 mg/kg/d), Tolmetin (15 mg/kg/d), Rofecoxib, and placebo. There were no significant differences between any two NSAIDs regarding ACR Pedi 30 response. The SUCRA shows that celecoxib (6 mg/kg bid) ranked first (SUCRA, 88.9%), rofecoxib ranked second (SUCRA, 68.1%), Celecoxib (3 mg/kg bid) ranked third (SUCRA, 51.0%). There were no significant differences between any two NSAIDs regarding adverse events. The SUCRA shows that placebo ranked first (SUCRA, 88.2%), piroxicam ranked second (SUCRA, 60.5%), rofecoxib (0.6 mg/kg qd) ranked third (SUCRA, 56.1%), meloxicam (0.125 mg/kg qd) ranked fourth (SUCRA, 56.1%), and rofecoxib (0.3 mg/kg qd) ranked fifth (SUCRA, 56.1%).

CONCLUSION

In summary, celecoxib (6 mg/kg bid) was found to be the most effective NSAID for treating JIA. Rofecoxib, piroxicam, and meloxicam may be safer options, but further research is needed to confirm these findings in larger trials with higher quality studies.

Association between Interleukin-17F 7488A/G and 7383A/G polymorphisms and susceptibility to juvenile idiopathic arthritis

BACKGROUND

Interleukin-17F (IL-17F), one of the cytokines, is crucial in the pathophysiology of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Therefore, we aimed to determine the relation between IL17F 7488A/G and IL17F 7383A/G single-nucleotide polymorphisms and JIA susceptibility and to explain their impact on the disease activity.

METHODS

Genomic DNA of 70 patients with JIA and 70 age and sex-matched controls were extracted and typed for IL17F 7488A/G and IL17F 7383A/G single-nucleotide polymorphisms, using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers method, and compared between patients and controls.

RESULTS

When compared to AA participants, children with the AG genotype of the IL17F 7488A/G and IL17F 7383A/G polymorphisms showed a substantially greater risk of JIA. Furthermore, children with the G allele were 2.8 folds more likely to have JIA than the A allele for IL17F 7488A/G polymorphism and 3.72 folds for IL17F 7383A/G polymorphism. Children with AG genotype of IL17F 7383A/G polymorphism were far more likely to have high activity JIA.

CONCLUSIONS

The G allele of both IL17F 7488A/G and IL17F7383 A/G polymorphisms is associated with increased JIA susceptibility, and JIA at High Disease Activity was more likely to develop in AG subjects of the IL17F 7383 A/G polymorphism.

IMPACT

The relationship between Interleukin-17F 7488A/G and 7383A/G polymorphisms and risk for JIA has not been recognized before. Impact of Interleukin-17F 7488A/G and 7383A/G genotypes on JIA disease activity. The G allele of both IL17F 7488A/G and IL17F7383 A/G polymorphisms are associated with increased JIA susceptibility. AG genotype of Interleukin-17F 7383 A/G polymorphism compared to AA patients, had a higher probability of developing JIA at a High Disease Activity (HDA) level.

Perioperative management of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for patients undergoing elective spine surgery: a systematic review

BACKGROUND

In preparation for surgery, patients being treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are recommended to either continue or withhold therapy perioperatively. Some of these drugs have known effects against bone healing, hence the importance of adequately managing them before and after surgery.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to assess the current evidence for managing conventional synthetic and/or biologic DMARDs in the perioperative period for elective spine surgery.

METHODS

A systematic review of four databases was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The included manuscripts were methodically scrutinized for quality, postoperative infections, wound healing characteristics, bone fusion rates, and clinical outcomes.

RESULTS

Six studies were identified describing the management of conventional synthetic and/or biologic DMARDs. There were 294 DMARD-treated patients described undergoing various spine surgeries such as craniovertebral junction fusions. Three of the studies involved exclusive continuation of DMARDs in the perioperative window; one study involved exclusive discontinuation of DMARDs in the perioperative window; and two studies involved continuation or discontinuation of DMARDs perioperatively. Of patients that continued DMARDs in the perioperative period, 13/50 patients (26.0%) had postoperative surgical site infections or wound dehiscence, 2/19 patients (10.5%) had delayed wound healing, and 32/213 patients (15.0%) had secondary revision surgeries. A fusion rate of 14/19 (73.6%) was described in only one study for patients continuing DMARDs perioperatively.

CONCLUSIONS

The available published data may suggest a higher risk of wound healing concerns and lower than average bone fusion, although this may be under-reported given the current state of the literature.

Does Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Affect the Course of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease? A Case-Control Study with a Mean Follow-Up of 8 Years

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to determine the clinical and radiological course in children who had Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

METHODS

In a retrospective chart review between 2007 and 2019, eight consecutive JIA patients diagnosed with concomitant LCPD were identified and compared with a case-control group of 10 children with LCPD only.

RESULTS

LCPD was diagnosed at a mean age of 8.1 years (3.0-14.7) in children with JIA as compared to 6.1 years (2.9-10.0) in controls. According to the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), four children with JIA and all controls had an excellent result. Regarding the fragmentation severity and the duration of each stage, we found no differences using the lateral pillar and modified Elizabethtown classification. Five hips were classified as Stulberg I/II, two hips as Stulberg III, and one hip as Stulberg V with no evidence of hip dysplasia or severe overcoverage in either group.

CONCLUSIONS

The radiological outcome of LCPD did not differ between both groups, while the clinical outcome was slightly better in controls. Physicians should be aware that children with LCPD may have JIA too. In suspicious cases, further investigations are recommended, and patients should be referred to pediatric rheumatologists.