Relationship of computed tomography-verified degenerative condylar morphology with temporomandibular joint disk displacement and sex

Impact of age on degenerative joint disease of the temporomandibular joint: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

It is unclear that the influence of age on degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

METHODS

Relevant literature was retrieved from PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. EndNote 21 was used to consolidate the literature retrieved from these databases. Key information were extracted from the included studies, statistical analysis was performed using Stata 15.0. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the cross-sectional study evaluation criteria recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

RESULTS

A total of 11 studies involving 2832 participants (1099 males, 1744 females) were included. The incidence of DJD of the TMJ was approximately 35% among individuals aged 20 to 39, 43% among those aged 40 to 59, and 54% among those aged 60-69.

CONCLUSION

Age progression is a key risk factor for the development of DJD of the TMJ. The incidence of DJD of the TMJ increases progressively across different age groups, with a significant rise observed in middle to older age groups.

Characteristics of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis Patients With Condylar Erosion: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND

Condylar erosion (CE) may indicate an active progressive stage of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA), but no studies have analysed the characteristics of this population.

OBJECTIVE

This cross-sectional study analysed the characteristics of TMJOA patients with CE.

METHODS

A total of 267 patients were included. The severity of CE of all joints was evaluated using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and scored using a four-point rating scale (0-III). Patients were categorised into mild (grade I), moderate (grade II) and severe (grade III) groups. Demographic and clinical characteristics were summarised and stratified by age and erosion severity. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed based on the assignment of the variables.

RESULTS

The proportion of patients under 30 years old is much higher than other age groups. Compared to adults (≥ 20 years old), a higher proportion of adolescent patients (10-19 years old) choose orthodontics department for their first consultation (p < 0.01). And adolescent patients have a higher proportion of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) noise (p < 0.05) and a lower proportion of arthralgia (p < 0.001). Significant differences exist in CE severity between adolescents and adults (p < 0.001). The severe group had the youngest patients (p < 0.05) and the highest proportion of mandibular deviation and abnormal postural habits.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients under 30 years of age constitute a significant proportion of TMJOA cases with CE. Compared to adults, adolescent patients have more severe CE and less arthralgia. Due to obvious dental and maxillofacial deformities and milder TMJ symptoms, adolescent patients may not be aware that they have TMJ disease, potentially leading to delayed treatment.

Assessment of temporomandibular joint bone changes associated with anterior disc displacement: An MRI cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the presence of bone changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) anterior disc displacement (ADD) with reduction (ADDWR) and without reduction (ADDWoR).

METHODS

TMJ-MRI scans were screened for the presence of ADD. 285 scans presented ADD, being further divided into ADDWR (n = 188) and ADDWoR (n = 97). Bone changes on the mandibular condyle and articular eminence were also assessed and computed. The chi-square test compared the association of these bone changes with the presence of ADDWR and ADDWoR, with a significance level of 5 %. Also, the prevalence ratio (PR) was calculated.

RESULTS

In the mandibular condyle, subchondral cyst (p = 0.035, PR = 1.08) and bone edema (p = 0.044, PR = 2.40), more prevalent on ADDWR, and generalized sclerosis (p = 0.015, PR = 1.04), more prevalent on ADDWoR, presented significant association with ADD. On the articular eminence, generalized sclerosis (p = 0.015, PR = 1.04) and articular surface flattening (p = 0.003, PR = 1.19) presented significant association with ADD, both more prevalent on ADDWoR.

CONCLUSION

Bone changes are usual findings in TMJ with ADD diagnosis. The real influence of ADD is not fully clear, although clinicians should be aware of patients with this condition, to provide an early diagnosis and improve patient´s prognosis.

Morphologic Analysis of Condyle among Different Disc Status in the Temporomandibular Joints by Three-dimensional Reconstructive Imaging: A Preliminary Study

OBJECTIVES

Morphological study is a common approach in the field of anterior disc displacement (ADD) pathology; however, analysis based on three-dimensional reconstructive imaging has not been investigated. This study investigated the association between ADD and the status of the mandibular condyle and articular fossa.

METHODS

Thirty-four patients were divided into three groups: normal articular disc position (NADP), anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR), and anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDwoR). Multiple grouped comparisons of three different disc statuses were performed by Kruskal-Wallis H test and variance analysis respectively. Receiver-operating characteristic curve was plotted to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the morphological parameters. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the interfering factors of ADD.

RESULTS

The condylar volume (CV) and condylar superficial area (CSA) in the NADP, ADDwR, and ADDwoR groups exhibited obvious changes (P < 0.05). Both CV and superior joint space (SJS) presented a good diagnostic accuracy for NADP-ADDwoR [area under the curve (AUC)_CV = 0.813; AUC_SJS = 0.855)], and ADDwR-ADDwoR (AUC_CV = 0.858; AUC_SJS = 0.801). CSA presented a good diagnostic accuracy for ADDwR-ADDwoR (AUC = 0.813). A multivariate logistic ordinal regression model showed that the CV [odds ratio (OR) = 1.011; regression coefficient (RC) = 0.011, P = 0.018], SJS (OR, 8.817; RC = 2.177; P < 0.001), and medial joint space (MJS) (OR, 1.492; RC = 0.400; P = 0.047) had a significantly impact on the groups.

CONCLUSION

CV, CSA, SJS, and MJS were significantly associated with the different disc status, and the condyle in ADD exhibited 3-dimensionally altered dimensions. They could be considered as promising biometric markers to assess the ADD.

Annual review of selected scientific literature: A report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry

The Scientific Investigation Committee of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry offers this review of the 2021 dental literature in restorative dentistry to inform busy dentists regarding noteworthy scientific and clinical progress over the past year. Each member of the committee brings discipline-specific expertise to coverage of this broad topical area. Specific subject areas addressed, in order of the appearance in this report, include COVID-19 and the dental profession (new); prosthodontics; periodontics, alveolar bone, and peri-implant tissues; implant dentistry; dental materials and therapeutics; occlusion and temporomandibular disorders; sleep-related breathing disorders; oral medicine and oral and maxillofacial surgery; and dental caries and cariology. The authors focused their efforts on reporting information likely to influence daily dental treatment decisions with an emphasis on future trends in dentistry. With the tremendous volume of dentistry and related literature being published daily, this review cannot possibly be comprehensive. Rather, its purpose is to update interested readers and provide important resource material for those interested in pursuing greater details on their own. It remains our intent to assist colleagues in negotiating the extensive volume of important information being published annually. It is our hope that readers find this work useful in successfully managing the patients and dental problems they encounter.