Prevalence of color vision deficiency among arc welders

Color vision

Color is a fundamental aspect of normal visual experience. This chapter provides an overview of the role of color in human behavior, a survey of current knowledge regarding the genetic, retinal, and neural mechanisms that enable color vision, and a review of inherited and acquired defects of color vision including a discussion of diagnostic tests.

Prevalence of Color Blindness among Students of Secondary Schools in Shahrekord

Background and aims: Color blindness is a disease that remains undiagnosed in some cases. The diagnosis of the disease during schooling is necessary to take the required measures for the future life of adolescents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of color blindness among the students of secondary schools in Shahrekord. Methods: In this descriptive study, 4074 students of secondary schools across Shahrekord were included by the cluster sampling method. Ishihara color blindness test plate was used to diagnose color blindness. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and percentage) by SPSS 18. Results: In general, 362 (88.8%) patients had color blindness. Out of 2052 male students and 2022 female ones, 343 (16.71%) and 19 (0.93%) cases were diagnosed with color blindness, respectively. In both genders, most students had deuteranopia or deuteranomalia, while other types of color blindness, including tritanomaly, were not detected in the students. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the number of color blind people in the studied region was higher compared to the results of studies in the other regions of Iran. Moreover, the prevalence of color blindness was more in males compared to females. In addition, the prevalence of other kinds of color blindness mainly belonged to deuteranopia or deuteranomalia.

The prevalence of color vision deficiency in the northeast of Iran

PURPOSE

To determine the prevalence of color vision deficiency (CVD) in the northeast of Iran.

METHODS

This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in Mashhad, in the northeast of Iran. Multistage cluster sampling was used for selecting the participants. After preliminary screening, the subjects underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. The examination included the measurement of visual acuity, refraction, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. The Farnsworth D-15 test was used to detect CVD. The color vision test was done with the best optical correction.

RESULTS

Of the 4453 invitees, 3132 participated in the study (response rate: 70.4%). The overall prevalence of CVD in this study was 13.93% [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.44-15.41]. The prevalence of CVD in males and females was 15.85% (95% CI: 13.26-18.44) and 12.96% (95% CI: 11.22-14.71), respectively. The most prevalent types of CVD were tritanopia (6.96%; 95% CI: 5.84-8.08), deuteranopia (3.92%; 95% CI: 3.14-4.70) and tritanomalous (2.21%; 95% CI: 1.55-2.86), respectively. According to the results of logistic regression, the odds of having protanopia were higher in females than males [Odds ratio (OR) = 4.80; 95% CI: 1.20-19.18]. The odds of having deuteranopia were lower in females than males (OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.35-0.76). The odds of having CVD were lower in 16-30 (OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.37-0.73) and higher in 46-60 (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.01-1.97) year age groups compared to 7-15 year age group. The odds of having tritanopia in 16-30 and 46-60 year age groups was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.35-0.90) and 1.79 (95% CI: 1.19-2.67) compared to 7-15 year age groups, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of CVD was high in this study, especially in males and people over 46 years of age. Planning for involvement of ocular disease control programs in health care systems can be helpful in the reduction of CVD and improving the quality of life in affected patients.