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Gouignard N, Bibonne A, Mata JF, Bajanca F, Berki B, Barriga EH, Saint-Jeannet JP, Theveneau E. Paracrine regulation of neural crest EMT by placodal MMP28. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002261. [PMID: 37590318 PMCID: PMC10479893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an early event in cell dissemination from epithelial tissues. EMT endows cells with migratory, and sometimes invasive, capabilities and is thus a key process in embryo morphogenesis and cancer progression. So far, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have not been considered as key players in EMT but rather studied for their role in matrix remodelling in later events such as cell migration per se. Here, we used Xenopus neural crest cells to assess the role of MMP28 in EMT and migration in vivo. We show that a catalytically active MMP28, expressed by neighbouring placodal cells, is required for neural crest EMT and cell migration. We provide strong evidence indicating that MMP28 is imported in the nucleus of neural crest cells where it is required for normal Twist expression. Our data demonstrate that MMP28 can act as an upstream regulator of EMT in vivo raising the possibility that other MMPs might have similar early roles in various EMT-related contexts such as cancer, fibrosis, and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Gouignard
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- New York University, College of Dentistry, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anne Bibonne
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - João F. Mata
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Bajanca
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bianka Berki
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Elias H. Barriga
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet
- New York University, College of Dentistry, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Eric Theveneau
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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2
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Zhou J, Zheng X, Feng M, Mo Z, Shan Y, Wang Y, Jin J. Upregulated MMP28 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Promotes Metastasis via Notch3 Signaling and Predicts Unfavorable Prognosis. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:812-825. [PMID: 30906212 PMCID: PMC6429011 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.31335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MMP28 belongs to the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) family and functions in tissue homeostasis and development. Although many other MMPs have been reported to regulate tumor progression, the roles of MMP28 in cancer remain largely elusive. In this study, we investigated the potential roles of MMP28 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The upregulation of MMP28 was first determined by the analysis on different public datasets. Further quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis, western blot (WB) assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay on tumor and tumor-adjacent samples from HCC patients confirmed the aberrant elevation of MMP28 in HCC. Pathological analysis showed that increased MMP28 was associated with tumor size, vascular invasion, TNM stage and overall survival in HCC patients. Meanwhile, upregulated MMP28 was identified as an independent prognosis factor in multivariate analysis, and the incorporation of MMP28 expression with TNM staging system established a novel model to improve the accuracy of the predictions. In vivo and in vitro data revealed that MMP28 promoted migration and invasion of HCC cells, and enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via elevating zinc finger E-box binding homeobox (ZEB) homologues levels. Furthermore, we determined that Notch3 signaling was critical for the functions of MMP28 in HCC. In conclusion, upregulated MMP28 in HCC promoted migration and invasion and predicted poor prognosis for HCC patients, and the effects of MMP28 depended on Notch3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325030, China
| | - Xixi Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mei Feng
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhichao Mo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325030, China
| | - Yunfeng Shan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325030, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
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Kaufhold S, Bonavida B. Central role of Snail1 in the regulation of EMT and resistance in cancer: a target for therapeutic intervention. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:62. [PMID: 25084828 PMCID: PMC4237825 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-014-0062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Snail1 is the founding member of the Snail superfamily of zinc-finger transcription factors, which also includes Snail2 (Slug) and Snail3 (Smuc). The superfamily is involved in cell differentiation and survival, two processes central in cancer research. Encoded by the SNAI1 gene located on human chromosome 20q13.2, Snail1 is composed of 264 amino acids and usually acts as a transcriptional repressor. Phosphorylation and nuclear localization of Snail1, governed by PI3K and Wnt signaling pathways crosstalk, are critical in Snail1’s regulation. Snail1 has a pivotal role in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the process by which epithelial cells acquire a migratory, mesenchymal phenotype, as a result of its repression of E-cadherin. Snail1-induced EMT involves the loss of E-cadherin and claudins with concomitant upregulation of vimentin and fibronectin, among other biomarkers. While essential to normal developmental processes such as gastrulation, EMT is associated with metastasis, the cancer stem cell phenotype, and the regulation of chemo and immune resistance in cancer. Snail1 expression is a common sign of poor prognosis in metastatic cancer, and tumors with elevated Snail1 expression are disproportionately difficult to eradicate by current therapeutic treatments. The significance of Snail1 as a prognostic indicator, its involvement in the regulation of EMT and metastasis, and its roles in both drug and immune resistance point out that Snail1 is an attractive target for tumor growth inhibition and a target for sensitization to cytotoxic drugs.
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Al-Azri AR, Gibson RJ, Keefe DMK, Logan RM. Matrix metalloproteinases: do they play a role in mucosal pathology of the oral cavity? Oral Dis 2012; 19:347-59. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - RJ Gibson
- School of Medical Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide; SA; Australia
| | - DMK Keefe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital Cancer Centre; Adelaide; SA; Australia
| | - RM Logan
- School of Dentistry; University of Adelaide; Adelaide; SA; Australia
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Ma Y, Chiao YA, Zhang J, Manicone AM, Jin YF, Lindsey ML. Matrix metalloproteinase-28 deletion amplifies inflammatory and extracellular matrix responses to cardiac aging. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2012; 18:81-90. [PMID: 22153350 PMCID: PMC3972008 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927611012220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To determine if matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-28 mediates cardiac aging, wild-type (WT) and MMP-28-/- young (7 ± 1 months, n = 9 each) and old (20 ± 2 months, n = 7 each) female mice were evaluated. MMP-28 expression in the left ventricle (LV) increased 42% in old WT mice compared to young controls (p < 0.05). By Doppler echocardiography, LV function declined at 20 ± 2 months of age for both groups. However, dobutamine stress responses were similar, indicating that cardiac reserve was maintained. Plasma proteomic profiling revealed that macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 α, MIP-1β and MMP-9 plasma levels did not change in WT old mice but were significantly elevated in MMP-28-/- old mice (all p < 0.05), suggestive of a higher inflammatory status when MMP-28 is deleted. RT2-PCR gene array and immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that MIP-1α and MMP-9 gene and protein levels in the LV were also higher in MMP-28-/- old mice (all p < 0.05). Macrophage numbers in the LV increased similarly in WT and MMP-28-/- old mice, compared to respective young controls (both p < 0.05). Collagen content was not different among the WT and MMP-28-/- young and old mice. In conclusion, LV inflammation increases with age, and MMP-28 deletion further elevates inflammation and extracellular matrix responses, without altering macrophage numbers or collagen content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- Barshop Institute of Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Ying Ann Chiao
- Barshop Institute of Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Barshop Institute of Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Anne M. Manicone
- Center for Lung Biology and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yu-Fang Jin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Merry L. Lindsey
- Barshop Institute of Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
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Human matrix metalloproteinases: an ubiquitarian class of enzymes involved in several pathological processes. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 33:119-208. [PMID: 22100792 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to the M10 family of the MA clan of endopeptidases. They are ubiquitarian enzymes, structurally characterized by an active site where a Zn(2+) atom, coordinated by three histidines, plays the catalytic role, assisted by a glutamic acid as a general base. Various MMPs display different domain composition, which is very important for macromolecular substrates recognition. Substrate specificity is very different among MMPs, being often associated to their cellular compartmentalization and/or cellular type where they are expressed. An extensive review of the different MMPs structural and functional features is integrated with their pathological role in several types of diseases, spanning from cancer to cardiovascular diseases and to neurodegeneration. It emerges a very complex and crucial role played by these enzymes in many physiological and pathological processes.
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Manicone AM, Harju-Baker S, Johnston LK, Chen AJ, Parks WC. Epilysin (matrix metalloproteinase-28) contributes to airway epithelial cell survival. Respir Res 2011; 12:144. [PMID: 22040290 PMCID: PMC3225336 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
MMP28 is constitutively expressed by epithelial cells in many tissues, including the respiratory epithelium in the lung and keratinocytes in the skin. This constitutive expression suggests that MMP28 may serve a role in epithelial cell homeostasis. In an effort to determine its function in epithelial cell biology, we generated cell lines expressing wild-type or catalytically-inactive mutant MMP28 in two pulmonary epithelial cell lines, A549 and BEAS-2B. We observed that over-expression of MMP28 provided protection against apoptosis induced by either serum-deprivation or treatment with a protein kinase inhibitor, staurosporine. Furthermore, we observed increased caspase-3/7 activity in influenza-infected lungs from Mmp28-/- mice compared to wild-type mice, and this activity localized to the airway epithelium but was not associated with a change in viral load. Thus, we have identified a novel role of MMP28 in promoting epithelial cell survival in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Manicone
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Renò F, Rocchetti V, Migliario M, Rizzi M, Cannas M. Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke increases matrix metalloproteinases and Filaggrin mRNA expression in oral keratinocytes: role of nicotine stimulation. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:827-30. [PMID: 21723775 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The vegetal alkaloid nicotine has been proved to modify the expression of many keratinocyte markers. In this study, the basal expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-28, and Filaggrin has been evaluated in oral keratinocytes, in order to collect information about the ability of cigarette smoke to modify the basal expression pattern of these key enzymes in the absence of evident clinical signs in the oral epithelium. MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-28, and Filaggrin basal expression was investigated by RT-PCR in oral keratinocytes derived from smokers (n=11), non-smokers (n=11), and ex-smokers (n=6) healthy volunteers. Moreover keratinocytes from non-smokers volunteers were stimulated in vitro by a single dose administration of nicotine (10 μM) in order to estimate the effect of nicotinic receptors activation on the basal expression of the studied markers. RT-PCR analysis showed that all the markers studied were overexpressed in keratinocytes from smoker donors compared to control keratinocytes, while a single dose of nicotine was able to induce only Filaggrin expression in keratinocytes from non-smoking donors. Markers expression in ex-smoker donors was similar to that observed in normal non-smoker donors. These data indicate for the first time that cigarette smoking affects basal expression of some important markers in oral mucosa keratinocytes in vivo in the absence of clinical signs and that smoke quitting restores basal expression levels of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Renò
- Human Anatomy Laboratory, Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont A. Avogadro, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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9
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Jian P, Yanfang T, Zhuan Z, Jian W, Xueming Z, Jian N. MMP28 (epilysin) as a novel promoter of invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:200. [PMID: 21615884 PMCID: PMC3115915 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate invasion and metastasis related genes in gastric cancer. Methods The transwell migration assay was used to select a highly invasive sub-line from minimally invasive parent gastric cancer cells, and gene expression was compared using a microarray. MMP28 upregulation was confirmed using qRT-PCR. MMP28 immunohistochemistry was performed in normal and gastric cancer specimens. Invasiveness and tumor formation of stable cells overexpressing MMP28 were tested in vitro and in vivo. Results MMP28 was overexpressed in the highly invasive sub-cell line. Immunohistochemistry revealed MMP28 expression was markedly increased in gastric carcinoma relative to normal epithelia, and was significantly associated with depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis and poorer overall survival. Ectopic expression of MMP28 indicated MMP28 promoted tumor cell invasion in vitro and increased gastric carcinoma metastasis in vivo. Conclusions This study indicates MMP28 is frequently overexpressed during progression of gastric carcinoma, and contributes to tumor cell invasion and metastasis. MMP28 may be a novel therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of metastases in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Jian
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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10
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Expression of MMP-10, MMP-21, MMP-26, and MMP-28 in Merkel cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2009; 455:495-503. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-009-0856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Rodgers UR, Kevorkian L, Surridge AK, Waters JG, Swingler TE, Culley K, Illman S, Lohi J, Parker AE, Clark IM. Expression and function of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-28. Matrix Biol 2009; 28:263-72. [PMID: 19375502 PMCID: PMC2724077 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-28 (MMP-28, epilysin) is highly expressed in the skin by keratinocytes, the developing and regenerating nervous system and a number of other normal human tissues. In epithelial cells, over-expression of MMP-28 mediates irreversible epithelial to mesenchymal transition concomitant with loss of E-cadherin from the cell surface and an increase in active transforming growth factor beta. We recently reported the expression of MMP-28 in both cartilage and synovium where expression is increased in patients with osteoarthritis. In human chondrosarcoma cells MMP-28 was activated by proprotein convertases and the active form of the enzyme preferentially associated with the extracellular matrix in a C-terminal independent manner. over-expression of MMP-28 in chondrosarcoma cells led to altered cell morphology with increased organisation of actin. Adhesion to type II collagen and fibronectin was increased, and migration across the former was decreased. MMP-28 was localised to the cell surface, at least transiently, in a C-terminal dependent manner. Heparin prevented both extracellular matrix association and cell surface binding of MMP-28 suggesting that both are via heparan sulphate proteoglycans. Over-expression of activatable MMP-28, but not catalytically inactive EA mutant increased the expression and activity of MMP-2, and all forms of MMP-28 tested increased expression of MMP19 and TIMP3 mRNA. These data demonstrate that expression of MMP28 alters cell phenotype towards a more adhesive, less migratory behaviour. Further, MMP-28 activity may reside predominantly in the extracellular matrix, and we are currently searching for substrates in this compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula R Rodgers
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Epilysin (MMP-28) is deposited to the basolateral extracellular matrix of epithelial cells. Matrix Biol 2009; 28:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Illman SA, Lohi J, Keski-Oja J. Epilysin (MMP-28)--structure, expression and potential functions. Exp Dermatol 2008; 17:897-907. [PMID: 18803661 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epilysin (MMP-28) is the newest member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of extracellular proteases. Together the MMPs can degrade almost all components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs also regulate cell behaviour by releasing growth factors and biologically active peptides from the ECM by modulating cell surface receptors and adhesion molecules and by regulating the activity of mediators of the inflammatory pathways. Epilysin differs from most other MMPs as it is expressed in a number of normal tissues, suggestive of functions in tissue homeostasis. The epilysin homologue in Xenopus laevis (XMMP-28) is expressed in neural tissues, where it cleaves the neural cell adhesion molecule. Enhanced expression of epilysin has been observed in basal keratinocytes during wound healing and in different forms of cancer. There are, however, also reports on the downregulation of epilysin in malignant cells. The roles of epilysin in cancer seem to vary based on tumor type and stage of the disease. Importantly, epilysin can induce stable epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) when overexpressed in epithelial lung carcinoma cells. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a crucial mediator of this process, which was characterized by the loss of E-cadherin and increased cell migration and invasion. Current results suggest a plausible interaction between epilysin and TGF-beta also under physiological circumstances, where epilysin activity may not induce EMT but, instead, trigger less permanent changes in TGF-beta signalling and cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Illman
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Lee CH, Liu SY, Lin MH, Chiang WF, Chen TC, Huang WT, Chou DS, Chiu CT, Liu YC. Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression in oral carcinomas of betel quid (BQ) users: roles of BQ ingredients in the acceleration of tumour cell motility through MMP-1. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53:810-8. [PMID: 18571622 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are commonly expressed in carcinomas including oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). On the other hand, some evidences suggested that ingredients of betel quid (BQ) inhibit the activity and/or expression of some MMPs thought to be the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. This study was to analyse whether MMP-1 expression is inhibited in OSCC specimens from BQ users and in cell lines survived from the challenge of BQ ingredients. We found that MMP-1 mRNA was expressed in all the tested 27 OSCC. Levels of MMP-1 mRNA and protein were significantly elevated in the tested five OSCC specimens than in their adjacent tissues (P<0.001 and 0.05, respectively). Esophageal carcinoma (CE81T/VGH) and OSCC (OECM-1) cell lines survived from the cytotoxic BQ extract (BQE) and arecoline selection process were found to express higher MMP-1 mRNA and protein levels, or to exhibit a significant acceleration of two-dimensional (2D) motility than their non-selected parental cells. The enhanced motility was further demonstrated to be specifically and significantly inhibited by the MMP-1 neutralizing antibody and/or by the transfection of an MMP-1 specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide. These results suggest that in some carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract, BQ usage may upregulate MMP-1 expression in the survived tumour cells, and increase their mobility in an MMP-1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hai Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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Korpi JT, Kervinen V, Mäklin H, Väänänen A, Lahtinen M, Läärä E, Ristimäki A, Thomas G, Ylipalosaari M, Aström P, Lopez-Otin C, Sorsa T, Kantola S, Pirilä E, Salo T. Collagenase-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-8) plays a protective role in tongue cancer. Br J Cancer 2008; 98:766-75. [PMID: 18253113 PMCID: PMC2259187 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue is the most common cancer in the oral cavity and has a high mortality rate. A total of 90 mobile tongue SCC samples were analysed for Bryne's malignancy scores, microvascular density, and thickness of the SCC sections. In addition, the staining pattern of cyclooxygenase-2, αvβ6 integrin, the laminin-5 γ2-chain, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2, -7, -8, -9, -20, and -28 were analysed. The expression of MMP-8 (collagenase-2) was positively associated with improved survival of the patients and the tendency was particularly prominent in females. No sufficient evidence for a correlation with the clinical outcome was found for any other immunohistological marker. To test the protective role of MMP-8 in tongue carcinogenesis, MMP-8 knockout mice were used. MMP-8 deficient female mice developed tongue SCCs at a significantly higher incidence than wild-type mice exposed to carcinogen 4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide. Consistently, oestrogen-induced MMP-8 expression in cultured HSC-3 tongue carcinoma cells, and MMP-8 cleaved oestrogen receptor (ER) α and β. According to these data, we propose that, contrary to the role of most proteases produced by human carcinomas, MMP-8 has a protective, probably oestrogen-related role in the growth of mobile tongue SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Korpi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Abstract
This paper reviews the main papers related to oral squamous cell carcinoma published in 2006 in oral oncology - an international interdisciplinary journal which publishes high quality original research, clinical trials and review articles, and all other scientific articles relating to the aetiopathogenesis, epidemiology, prevention, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and management of patients with neoplasms in the head and neck, and orofacial disease in patients with malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispian Scully
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK.
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Werner SR, Mescher AL, Neff AW, King MW, Chaturvedi S, Duffin KL, Harty MW, Smith RC. Neural MMP-28 expression precedes myelination during development and peripheral nerve repair. Dev Dyn 2007; 236:2852-64. [PMID: 17823957 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian matrix metalloproteinase 28 (MMP-28) is expressed in several normal adult tissues, and during cutaneous wound healing. We show that, in frog and mouse embryos, MMP-28 is expressed predominantly throughout the nervous system. Xenopus expression increases during neurulation and remains elevated through early limb development where it is expressed in nerves. In the mouse, neural expression peaks at embryonic day (E) 14 but remains detectable through E17. During frog hindlimb regeneration XMMP-28 is not initially expressed in the regenerating nerves but is detectable before myelination. Following hindlimb denervation, XMMP-28 expression is detectable along regenerating nerves before myelination. In embryonic rat neuron-glial co-cultures, MMP-28 decreases after the initiation of myelination. Incubation of embryonic brain tissue with purified MMP-28 leads to the degradation of multiple myelin proteins. These results suggest that MMP-28 plays an evolutionarily conserved role in neural development and is likely to modulate the axonal-glial extracellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Werner
- Biotherapeutic Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, USA.
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Illman SA, Lehti K, Keski-Oja J, Lohi J. Epilysin (MMP-28) induces TGF-beta mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition in lung carcinoma cells. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:3856-65. [PMID: 16940349 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilysin (MMP-28) is the newest member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. Although it is expressed in a number of tissues, no biological substrates or functions for this enzyme have been identified yet. We have expressed recombinant epilysin in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells and found that this resulted in stable and irreversible epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) accompanied by loss of cell surface E-cadherin, proteolytic processing of latent TGF-beta-complexes and increased levels of active TGF-beta. The cascade of events leading to the onset of EMT is prevented by the MMP inhibitor GM6001 or antibodies neutralizing the activity of TGF-beta. Once EMT had occurred the cell phenotype could, however, not be reversed by the MMP-inhibitor. Importantly, the expression of epilysin also resulted in upregulation of MT1-MMP and gelatinase-B (MMP-9) and in the collagen invasive activity of A549 cells. Further, we found that epilysin and the recombinant hemopexin domain were targeted to the surface of epithelial cells. This cell surface interaction was sensitive to the proteolytic activity of MT1-MMP, and was lost after EMT. Current results indicate that epilysin can induce EMT and cell invasion through a TGF-beta-dependent mechanism suggesting novel biological roles for this enzyme in the regulation of epithelial cell function and in the induction of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Illman
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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