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Lin C, Chu Y, Zheng Y, Gu S, Hu Y, He J, Shen Z. Macrophages: plastic participants in the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1337129. [PMID: 38650924 PMCID: PMC11033442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1337129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) rank among the most prevalent types of head and neck cancer globally. Unfortunately, a significant number of patients receive their diagnoses at advanced stages, limiting the effectiveness of available treatments. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a pivotal player in HNSCC development, with macrophages holding a central role. Macrophages demonstrate diverse functions within the TME, both inhibiting and facilitating cancer progression. M1 macrophages are characterized by their phagocytic and immune activities, while M2 macrophages tend to promote inflammation and immunosuppression. Striking a balance between these different polarization states is essential for maintaining overall health, yet in the context of tumors, M2 macrophages typically prevail. Recent efforts have been directed at controlling the polarization states of macrophages, paving the way for novel approaches to cancer treatment. Various drugs and immunotherapies, including innovative treatments based on macrophages like engineering macrophages and CAR-M cell therapy, have been developed. This article provides an overview of the roles played by macrophages in HNSCC, explores potential therapeutic targets and strategies, and presents fresh perspectives on the future of HNSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yidian Chu
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ye Zheng
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanshan Gu
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanghao Hu
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiali He
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhisen Shen
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Arroyo E, Pérez Sayáns M, Bravo SB, de Oliveira Barbeiro C, Paravani Palaçon M, Chamorro Petronacci CM, García Vence M, Chantada Vázquez MDP, Blanco Carrión A, Suárez Peñaranda JM, García García A, Gándara Vila P, Días Almeida J, Veríssimo da Costa GC, Sousa Nogueira FC, Medeiros Evaristo JA, de Abreu Pereira D, Rintala M, Salo T, Rautava J, Padín Iruegas E, Oliveira Alves MG, Morandin Ferrisse T, Albergoni da Silveira H, Esquiche León J, Vilela Silva E, Flores IL, Bufalino A. Identification of Proteomic Biomarkers in Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia through Liquid Chromatography With Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100222. [PMID: 37507024 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is an oral potentially malignant disorder associated with high risk of malignant transformation. Currently, there is no treatment available, and restrictive follow-up of patients is crucial for a better prognosis. Oral leukoplakia (OL) shares some clinical and microscopic features with PVL but exhibits different clinical manifestations and a lower rate of malignant transformation. This study aimed to investigate the proteomic profile of PVL in tissue and saliva samples to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers with therapeutic implications. Tissue and saliva samples obtained from patients with PVL were compared with those from patients with oral OL and controls. Label-free liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was employed, followed by qualitative and quantitative analyses, to identify differentially expressed proteins. Potential biomarkers were identified and further validated using immunohistochemistry. Staining intensity scan analyses were performed on tissue samples from patients with PVL, patients with OL, and controls from Brazil, Spain, and Finland. The study revealed differences in the immune system, cell cycle, DNA regulation, apoptosis pathways, and the whole proteome of PVL samples. In addition, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analyses showed that calreticulin (CALR), receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1), and 14-3-3 Tau-protein (YWHAQ) were highly expressed in PVL samples. Immunohistochemistry validation confirmed increased CARL expression in PVL compared with OL. Conversely, RACK1 and YWHA were highly expressed in oral potentially malignant disorder compared to the control group. Furthermore, significant differences in CALR and RACK1 expression were observed in the OL group when comparing samples with and without oral epithelial dysplasia, unlike the PVL. This research provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions and highlights potential targets for future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Arroyo
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Pérez Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de los materiales de Santiago de Compostela (iMATUS), Santiago, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) (ORALRES Group), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Susana Belen Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Camila de Oliveira Barbeiro
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Paravani Palaçon
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - María García Vence
- Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Blanco Carrión
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de los materiales de Santiago de Compostela (iMATUS), Santiago, Spain
| | - José M Suárez Peñaranda
- Servicio de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago, Choupana s/n Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Abel García García
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de los materiales de Santiago de Compostela (iMATUS), Santiago, Spain
| | - Pilar Gándara Vila
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de los materiales de Santiago de Compostela (iMATUS), Santiago, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) (ORALRES Group), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Janete Días Almeida
- Department of Bioscience and Buccal Diagnosis, São José dos Campos, Science and Technologies Institute, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovani Carlo Veríssimo da Costa
- Department of Basic Sciences, Nova Friburgo Health Institute, Univ. Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Proteomics, Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio César Sousa Nogueira
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joseph Albert Medeiros Evaristo
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise de Abreu Pereira
- Program on Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology, Research Coordination, National Institute of Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mirjami Rintala
- Department of Oral Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Cancer and Translational Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaana Rautava
- Department of Oral Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elena Padín Iruegas
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Area, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Túlio Morandin Ferrisse
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Heitor Albergoni da Silveira
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Esquiche León
- Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evânio Vilela Silva
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isadora Luana Flores
- Oral Pathology Area, Conservative Dentistry Department, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Andreia Bufalino
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wang Q, Jiang S, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Huang M, Qiu Y, Luo X. Prognostic and clinicopathological role of RACK1 for cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15873. [PMID: 37601269 PMCID: PMC10434108 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) expression is associated with clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of various cancers; however, the conclusions are controversial. As a result, this study aimed to explore the clinicopathological and prognostic values of RACK1 expression in patients with cancer. Methodology PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were comprehensively explored from their inception to April 20, 2023, for selecting studies on the clinicopathological and prognostic role of RACK1 in patients with cancer that met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the prognosis-predictive value of RACK1 expression, while pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were used to evaluate the correlation between RACK1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with cancer. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results Twenty-two studies (13 on prognosis and 20 on clinicopathological characteristics) were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The findings indicated that high RACK1 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.13-2.33; P = 0.009; I2 = 89%) and reversely correlated with disease-free survival/recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.22-2.88; P = 0.004; I2 = 0%). Furthermore, increased RACK1 expression was significantly associated with lymphatic invasion/N+ stage (OR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.04-2.90; P = 0.04; I2 = 79%) of tumors. Conclusions RACK1 may be a global predictive marker of poor prognosis in patients with cancer and unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics. However, further clinical studies are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sixin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - You Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Clinical Research Center for Breast, Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Gong X, Tang H, Yang K. PER1 suppresses glycolysis and cell proliferation in oral squamous cell carcinoma via the PER1/RACK1/PI3K signaling complex. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:276. [PMID: 33723221 PMCID: PMC7960720 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the core clock gene Period 1 (PER1) plays important roles in the formation of various tumors. However, the biological functions and mechanism of PER1 in promoting tumor progression remain largely unknown. Here, we discovered that PER1 was markedly downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Then, OSCC cell lines with stable overexpression, knockdown, and mutation of PER1 were established. We found that PER1 overexpression significantly inhibited glycolysis, glucose uptake, proliferation, and the PI3K/AKT pathway in OSCC cells. The opposite effects were observed in PER1-knockdown OSCC cells. After treatment of PER1-overexpressing OSCC cells with an AKT activator or treatment of PER1-knockdown OSCC cells with an AKT inhibitor, glycolysis, glucose uptake, and proliferation were markedly rescued. In addition, after treatment of PER1-knockdown OSCC cells with a glycolysis inhibitor, the increase in cell proliferation was significantly reversed. Further, coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and cycloheximide (CHX) chase experiment demonstrated that PER1 can bind with RACK1 and PI3K to form the PER1/RACK1/PI3K complex in OSCC cells. In PER1-overexpressing OSCC cells, the abundance of the PER1/RACK1/PI3K complex was significantly increased, the half-life of PI3K was markedly decreased, and glycolysis, proliferation, and the PI3K/AKT pathway were significantly inhibited. However, these effects were markedly reversed in PER1-mutant OSCC cells. In vivo tumorigenicity assays confirmed that PER1 overexpression inhibited tumor growth while suppressing glycolysis, proliferation, and the PI3K/AKT pathway. Collectively, this study generated the novel findings that PER1 suppresses OSCC progression by inhibiting glycolysis-mediated cell proliferation via the formation of the PER1/RACK1/PI3K complex to regulate the stability of PI3K and the PI3K/AKT pathway-dependent manner and that PER1 could potentially be a valuable therapeutic target in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobao Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China.
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5
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Huang F, Xin C, Lei K, Bai H, Li J, Chen Q. Noncoding RNAs in oral premalignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:763-777. [PMID: 32495292 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has the highest mortality rate among all head and neck cancers and a relatively low five-year survival rate. Generally, the development of an oral mucosal malignancy represents a multistep process beginning with normal oral mucosa epithelium and culminating in OSCC after transitioning through intermediary oral premalignant disorders (OPMDs), during which dysplasia is often observed. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNAs that are not translated into proteins, but still can participate in regulating neoplastic cell behavior. Recently, data have emerged on the role of ncRNAs in the progression of oral mucosal malignant diseases, but the exact mechanisms through which ncRNAs are involved remain to be elucidated. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge on ncRNAs has added an extra layer of complexity to our understanding of the malignant progression of oral mucosal diseases. The identification of ncRNAs in multiple body fluids as biomarkers may provide new diagnostic options that can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of OPMDs and OSCC, respectively. Despite overall advances that have been made in cancer treatment, the treatment options for OPMDs and OSCC are still limited. Several studies have shown that ncRNA-based treatment regimens may hold promise as alternative methods for treating OPMDs and OSCC. The use of ncRNAs as therapeutic agents, including miR-155, miR-34 and lncRNA HOTAIR, appear promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hetian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
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Pan T, Li YG, Li KY, Chen C, Xu K, Yuan DY, Zou B, Meng Z. Identification of a novel fusion gene, TRIM52-RACK1, in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 52:101568. [PMID: 32251686 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gene fusion is caused by the linkage of previously separate genes or sequences. Recently, an increasing number of novel fusion genes have been identified and associated with tumor progression, and several of them have been suggested as promising targets for tumor therapy. However, there are hardly any studies reporting the association of fusion genes with the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we identified a total of 11 fused genes in OSCC cells. We further analyzed the structure of one fused gene, TRIM52-RACK1, and detected its function in tumor progression in vitro. We found that TRIM52-RACK1 was caused by a deletion of 181,257,187-181,247,386 at 5q35.3 and it promoted OSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Therefore, TRIM52-RACK1 can be a promising target for tumor therapy in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Pan
- Key Lab of Precision Biomedicine & Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Yong-Guo Li
- Key Lab of Precision Biomedicine & Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, China; Medical College, Liaocheng University, China
| | - Ke-Yi Li
- Key Lab of Precision Biomedicine & Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, China; Medical College, Liaocheng University, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Key Lab of Precision Biomedicine & Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, China; Medical College, Liaocheng University, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Key Lab of Precision Biomedicine & Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, China; Medical College, Liaocheng University, China
| | - Dao-Ying Yuan
- Key Lab of Precision Biomedicine & Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, China; Medical College, Liaocheng University, China
| | - Bo Zou
- Key Lab of Precision Biomedicine & Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, China.
| | - Zhen Meng
- Key Lab of Precision Biomedicine & Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, China; Medical College, Liaocheng University, China.
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Dan H, Liu S, Liu J, Liu D, Yin F, Wei Z, Wang J, Zhou Y, Jiang L, Ji N, Zeng X, Li J, Chen Q. RACK1 promotes cancer progression by increasing the M2/M1 macrophage ratio via the NF-κB pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:795-807. [PMID: 31997535 PMCID: PMC7138402 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) has been shown to promote oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression, and RACK1 expression levels have been negatively correlated with prognosis in patients with OSCC. Here, we investigated the impact of RACK1 OSCC expression on the recruitment and differentiation of tumor-associated macrophages. High RACK1 expression in OSCC cells correlated with increased M2 macrophage infiltration in tumor samples from a clinical cohort study. Moreover, the combination of RACK1 expression and the M2/M1 ratio could successfully predict prognosis in OSCC. OSCC cells with high RACK1 expression inhibited the migration of THP-1 cells, promoted M2-like macrophage polarization in vitro, and increased the proportion of M2-like macrophages in a xenograft mouse model. Moreover, both M1- and M2-like macrophage polarization-associated proteins were induced in macrophages cocultured with RACK1-silenced cell supernatant. A mechanistic study revealed that the expression and secretion of C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2), C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 (IL-1) are closely related to RACK1 expression. In addition, blocking nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) could promote M2-like macrophage polarization. These results indicate that RACK1 and the M2/M1 ratio are predictors of a poor prognosis in OSCC. RACK1 promotes M2-like polarization by regulating NF-κB and could be used as a potential therapeutic target for antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Sai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Oral PathologyDepartment of Dental MaterialsSchool of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Jiajia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dongjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Oral PathologyDepartment of Dental MaterialsSchool of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Fengying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zihao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiongke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Shen C, Hua H, Gu L, Cao S, Cai H, Yao X, Chen X. Overexpression of RACK1 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Melanoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:795-803. [PMID: 31949482 PMCID: PMC6959021 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly malignant skin cancer with limited treatment options, the mechanism of the occurrence and development of melanoma is still unclear till now. Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a scaffolding protein that mediates multiple signaling pathways; it interconnects distinct signaling pathways to control essential cellular processes. RACK1 was reported as an oncogene in human tumorigenesis, but little is known about its role in melanoma. This study aimed to investigate the expression of RACK1 in patients with melanoma and to reveal its possible functions in melanoma cells. The expression profiles of RACK1 detected in tumor tissues from melanoma patients showed that RACK1 was higher in tumor tissues, and its expression level was well associated with the clinical progression of melanoma (TNM stage, P=0.009). Furthermore, RNA interfering (RNAi) knockdown of RACK1 could efficiently suppress the proliferation, migration and invasion of A375 and A875 cells and promote their apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that RACK1 may be a poor prognostic factor in human melanoma, and it may be a new therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Hua
- Department of Dermatology, The Third People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Lixiong Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Shuanglin Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hengji Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
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