Three-dimensional changes in root angulation of buccal versus palatal maxillary impacted canines after orthodontic traction: A retrospective before and after study

Prevalence of canine impaction in different cities of Saudi Arabia: A systematic review

Background

To our knowledge, no systematic review assessed and gathered information about the prevalence of impacted canines among the Saudi population. The purpose of this study was to critically assess the previously published studies about the prevalence of canine impaction according to impaction type (buccal/ palatal), gender (male/female), and location (maxillary/mandibular, right/left), are among the Saudi population.

Methods

PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, the Web of Science, Dimensions, and Semantic Scholar databases were searched systemically for articles related to the topic of the study published between 1987 and 2022. The PRISMA statements were used to conduct a systematic review with the help of the Best Practice for Survey and the Public Opinion Research scales by the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) to assess and evaluate the selected studies' quality.

Results

The initial search of the databases yielded 221 articles. After discarding duplicates, 161 were selected for further evaluation. Eventually, 16 articles were selected for inclusion in this study. Regarding the quality of the selected articles, all articles, except one, were of high quality. Only one was of medium quality.

Conclusion

It was found that the incidence of palatal canine impactions was higher than buccal impactions. Females had a higher prevalence of canine impactions as compared to males. There were more canine impactions in the maxilla than the mandible and more on the left side than the right one.

Three-dimensional orthodontic anchorage management of impacted maxillary canines: A systematic review

Objectives:

Our work aims to provide scientific evidence by conducting a serious systematic review of the efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) anchorage devices for orthodontic traction of impacted maxillary canines.

Material and Methods:

An electronic search extending from 2012 to 2022, targeting mainly clinical trials was performed on the following databases PUBMED (MEDLINE), The Cochrane Library, SCIENCE DIRECT, EBSCO HOST DATABASES, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR. The search was established on a well-defined research question following the PICO principle: population, intervention, comparator, and outcome. Search evaluation and the assessment of the risk of bias (RoB) were undertaken in each study following its type and design.

Results:

Thirteen studies were included for qualitative analysis, with a low to moderate RoB. Ten studies used only heavy conventional palatal anchorage such as a fixed trans palatal arch (TPA), while one study used skeletal anchorage to manage the orthodontic traction of impacted maxillary canines. Two studies compared trans palatal arch and mini-screws efficiency to treat impacted maxillary canines.

Conclusion:

Studies proved that the trans palatal arch (TPA) presents a particular anchorage unpredictability in the sagittal, transversal, and vertical dimensions. Whereas, anchorage management using mini-screws proved to be very beneficial clinically; however, further studies must be implemented to evaluate the 3D efficacy of skeletal anchorage to place an impacted maxillary canine to its rightful position into the arch.

Severity and Treatment Difficulty of Impacted Maxillary Canine among Orthodontic Patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND

The current study aimed to evaluate the severity and treatment difficulty of impacted maxillary canines and their relationship with gender, age group, and bucco-palatal position.

METHODS

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 2017 to 2021. Patients' data and panoramic radiography were obtained from the orthodontic clinic at King Saud University's Dental University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The severity factors and treatment difficulty index were used to assess the impacted maxillary canines. Statistical analyses were performed utilizing a chi-square test for categorical variables and an independent t-test for numerical variables, and a p-value of ≤0.05.

RESULTS

There were 171 impacted maxillary canines in total, with a female-to-male subject ratio (11:8) and a mean age (18.7 years). Overall, 77.2% of impacted upper canines were found to be palatal. The severity of canine impaction parameters showed no significant sex or age group predilection. Buccally impacted maxillary canines were characterized by a preferable angulation to the midline, compared to the palatally impacted maxillary canines (p = 0.012). The horizontal overlap of the impacted maxillary canine cusp tip revealed a significant association with the bucco-palatal position of the impacted canine (p < 0.001). Palatal impaction was located more frequently in sectors 3 and 4. Male patients were found to have a higher total score in terms of the treatment difficulty index relative to females (p = 0.046).

CONCLUSION

Despite the severity parameters having revealed no significant gender predilection, males were found to have higher treatment difficulty in maxillary canine impaction than females. The severity of the palatally impacted canine is greater than that of buccal impaction in terms of angulation to the midline and horizontal overlap.