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Wartelle S, Simon F, Louis B, Couloigner V, Denoyelle F, Garabedian N, Leboulanger N. Endonasal measurements by acoustic rhinometry in children: A preliminary study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 107:93-96. [PMID: 29501319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The acoustic reflection method (ARM) is a non-invasive technique which uses the reflection of acoustic waves to measure the cross sectional area of nasal cavities in adults and patency of endotracheal tubes. Characteristics and volume of normal nasal cavities in pre-school children has so far not been studied. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the optimal ARM recording and the minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) and volume (NV) values in healthy children. DESIGN Prospective monocentric study using the ARM in pre-school children (<6 years of age). RESULTS - DISCUSSION Seventy children (age 2 to 5) were included in the study. Reliable measures were difficult to obtain in children younger than 2 years of age. The use of a standard nosepiece and a single-use surgical filter enabled reliable, serial recordings. Mean MCA values were 0.46, 0.53 and 0.58 cm2 in the 24-35, 36-47 and 48-60 months-old age groups, respectively. Mean NV values were 2.14, 2.59, and 2.86 cm3 in the same age groups. The MCA and NV values were significantly correlated with height, age and weight. In conclusion, the ARM is feasible in children over the age of 2 and seems to be a promising non-invasive tool to study the nasal cavity patency, anatomy, and volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Wartelle
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U955 Team 13, IMRB, 8 rue Du Général Sarrail, 94010 Créteil, France; Paris V René Descartes University, Paris, France; CNRS, ERL 7240, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - François Simon
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France; Paris V René Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Louis
- INSERM U955 Team 13, IMRB, 8 rue Du Général Sarrail, 94010 Créteil, France; Paris-Est University, Créteil, France; CNRS, ERL 7240, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Couloigner
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France; Paris V René Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Denoyelle
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France; Paris V René Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Noël Garabedian
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France; Paris V René Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Leboulanger
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U955 Team 13, IMRB, 8 rue Du Général Sarrail, 94010 Créteil, France; Paris V René Descartes University, Paris, France; CNRS, ERL 7240, 94010 Créteil, France.
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Matsumoto FY, Gonçalves TRT, Solé D, Wandalsen GF. Specific Nasal Provocation Test with Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus, Monitored by Acoustic Rhinometry, in Children with Rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2017; 31:7-11. [DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2017.31.4392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Currently, the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR) is arrived at predominantly by a clinical history and by systemic sensitization tests, but specific nasal provocation tests (NPT) may establish a better direct correlation between etiologic surveyed allergens and nasal symptoms. Objectives To standardize the specific NPT with one of the most important house-dust mites, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, monitored by acoustic rhinometry, in children and adolescents, and propose a simplified specific NPT to improve its clinical applicability as a diagnostic tool. Methods Sixteen controls (group 1) and 17 patients with an AR diagnosis sensitized to D. pteronyssinus (group 2) underwent a specific NPT with D. pteronyssinus. The acoustic rhinometry was performed after instillation of 0.15 mL of increasing concentrations of D. pteronyssinus (5000 BU/mL). The test was finalized after (1) instillation of the final concentration of D. pteronyssinus, or (2) after a 20% or more reduction in the volume of the first 5 cm of the nasal cavity (V5), or (3) a score of >3 in the symptoms questionnaire (a score from 0 to 7). A simplified specific NPT with two concentrations was proposed and implemented in a group of 10 patients with AR (group 3). Results At the end of the specific NPT, the median (range) variation in V5 was -5.7% (-9 to 4%) in the control group and -22.8% (-24 to -20%) in group 2. None of the patients in the control group and 88% of group 2 (15/17) showed positive specific NPT results. The simplified specific NPT triggered a positive response in 80% of patients in group 3, with median (range) V5 variation of -30.4% (-36 to -20%). Conclusion This protocol has been proven safe and useful to differentiate between children and adolescents with AR and controls. Concentrations of 1:1000 and 1:100 D. pteronyssinus were the best for use in simplified specific NPT, which made it simpler and faster, and expanded its clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Yoshio Matsumoto
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Dirceu Solé
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Falbo Wandalsen
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Melo ACCD, Gomes ADOC, Cunha DAD, Lima SJH, Lima WRP, Cunha RAD, Silva HJD. Mudança nas áreas nasais em crianças com respiração oral após a limpeza e massagem nasal. Codas 2016; 28:770-777. [DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20162015172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A avaliação e quantificação das possíveis alterações da cavidade nasal são necessárias para o auxílio diagnóstico e tratamento de crianças que respiram predominantemente pela boca. O modo respiratório oral pode desencadear distúrbios da fala, deformidades da face, mau posicionamento dos dentes, postura corporal inadequada e alterações no sistema respiratório. Objetivo analisar as mudanças ocorridas na geometria das cavidades nasais, antes e depois da limpeza nasal por meio da aeração nasal e da rinometria acústica em crianças com respiração oral. Método Foram selecionadas 20 crianças com idade entre quatro e 12 anos. A coleta foi realizada no Laboratório Multifuncional do Departamento de Fonoaudiologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Foi aplicado o Índice de Identificação dos Sinais e Sintomas da Respiração Oral; marcação da aeração nasal por meio do espelho milimetrado de Altmann e o exame da geometria nasal por Rinometria Acústica. Depois da limpeza e massagem nasal com o soro fisiológico, foram realizados os mesmos procedimentos. Resultados Observaram-se mudanças significantes nas áreas relativas ao fluxo aéreo nasal em ambos os lados, após limpeza e massagem nasais. Quanto à geometria nasal, aferida por meio da rinometria acústica, o efeito da limpeza e massagem nasal mostrou-se discreto, quando feita a comparação entre as narinas. Conclusão As medidas de aeração nasal mostraram sensibilidade à técnica de limpeza e massagem e as medidas da geometria nasal confirmaram seu efeito sobre a fisiologia respiratória.
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Laine-Alava MT, Murtolahti S, Crouse UK, Warren DW. Upper airway resistance during growth: A longitudinal study of children from 8 to 17 years of age. Angle Orthod 2015; 86:610-6. [PMID: 26441290 DOI: 10.2319/052715-359.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study upper airway breathing in 115 children annually from 8 to 17 years of age with the hypothesis that upper airway respiratory needs increase steadily during growth and show sexual dimorphism. MATERIAL AND METHODS To calculate nasal resistance, airflow rate (mL/s) and oronasal pressures (cmH2O) were measured during rest breathing in a seated position using the pressure-flow technique. RESULTS Median values of oronasal pressure ranged at different ages in girls from 0.88 to 1.13 and in boys from 0.92 to 1.44 cmH2O, being 0.95 and 0.93 cmH2O at the age of 17 years, respectively. The gender differences were statistically significant in four age groups (P < .05 by the Mann-Whitney test). Mean values of nasal resistance decreased from 8 to 17 years of age in girls from 4.0 (±3.27) to 2.4 (±2.30) and in boys from 3.3 (±2.48) to 1.5 (±0.81) cmH2O/L/s. However, there was an increase in resistance in 11-year-old girls and 12-year-old boys and at the age of 15 in both genders (P < .05 by paired t-test). CONCLUSIONS Respiratory efforts stabilize oronasal pressure to maintain vital functions at optimal level. Nasal resistance decreased with age but increased temporarily at the prepubertal and pubertal phases, in accordance with other growth and possibly hormonal changes. When measuring upper airway function for clinical purposes, especially in patients with sleep apnea, asthma, allergies, cleft palate, or maxillary expansion, the measurements need to be compared with age- and gender-specific values obtained from healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija T Laine-Alava
- a Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Siiri Murtolahti
- b PhD Student, Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ulla K Crouse
- c Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Donald W Warren
- d Professor, UNC Craniofacial Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Melo ACCD, Gomes ADODC, Cavalcanti AS, Silva HJD. Acoustic rhinometry in mouth breathing patients: a systematic review. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 81:212-8. [PMID: 25618769 PMCID: PMC9449077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When there is a change in the physiological pattern of nasal breathing, mouth breathing may already be present. The diagnosis of mouth breathing is related to nasal patency. One way to access nasal patency is by acoustic rhinometry. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the effectiveness of acoustic rhinometry for the diagnosis of patients with mouth breathing. METHODS Electronic databases LILACS, MEDLINE via PubMed and Bireme, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Science Direct, from August to December 2013, were consulted. 11,439 articles were found: 30 from LILACS, 54 from MEDLINE via Bireme, 5558 from MEDLINE via PubMed, 11 from SciELO, 2056 from Web of Science, 1734 from Scopus, 13 from PsycInfo, 1108 from CINAHL, and 875 from Science Direct. Of these, two articles were selected. RESULTS The heterogeneity in the use of equipment and materials for the assessment of respiratory mode in these studies reveals that there is not yet consensus in the assessment and diagnosis of patients with mouth breathing. CONCLUSION According to the articles, acoustic rhinometry has been used for almost twenty years, but controlled studies attesting to the efficacy of measuring the geometry of nasal cavities for complementary diagnosis of respiratory mode are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana de Oliveira de Camargo Gomes
- Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC-USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
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The acoustic reflection method for the assessment of paediatric upper airways. Paediatr Respir Rev 2014; 15:38-41. [PMID: 23680443 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The acoustic reflection method (ARM) is based on the analysis of the reflection of an acoustic wave in the airway, allowing the calculation of its longitudinal cross-sectional area profile and airway resistance. The ARM represents a simple, quick and totally non invasive tool for the investigation of the upper airways, requiring minimal cooperation, which makes this technique particularly suitable for children. Normal values of the minimal cross sectional area of the upper airways in children have been recently published. The ARM has shown its utility in the investigation of the nasal cavity in healthy and diseased children and of the upper airways in children with various diseases such as mucopolysaccharidosis and cystic fibrosis. This simple, rapid, and inexpensive technique seems promising for the non-invasive investigation of the whole upper airway during wakefulness in children, both in health and disease, and may constitute a complementary or alternative method to explore and follow children with anomalies of the upper airways.
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Wandalsen GF, Mendes AI, Solé D. Correlation between nasal resistance and different acoustic rhinometry parameters in children and adolescents with and without allergic rhinitis. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 78:81-6. [PMID: 23306573 PMCID: PMC9446352 DOI: 10.5935/1808-8694.20120038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry are important tests used to assess nasal function. The degree to which the parameters of these tests are correlated is yet to be established. Objective This paper aimed to study the correlations between nasal resistance (NR) and acoustic rhinometry parameters in children and adolescents with allergic rhinitis and controls. Method Twenty patients with allergic rhinitis and 20 controls were enrolled. NR, volumes (V4, V5, V2-5), and minimal cross-sectional areas (MC1, MC2) were measured in three moments: baseline, after induction of nasal obstruction and after topical decongestant administration. Results Patients with allergic rhinitis had significant correlation between NR and all volumes (V5: r = -0.60) and with MC2. Among controls, MC1 was the parameter with the strongest correlation with NR at baseline (r = -0.53) and after decongestant administration. In the combined analysis, V5 had the highest correlation coefficients at baseline (r = -0.53), after obstruction (r = -0.58) and after decongestant (r = -0.46). Conclusions Our data showed that NR and acoustic rhinometry parameters have negative and significant correlations. Nasal volumes are, in general, better correlated than minimal cross-sectional areas. V5 was the parameter with the highest correlation in the rhinitis group and in the combined analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Falbo Wandalsen
- Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Program, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua dos Otonis no. 725, Vila Clementino, São Paulo
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Wandalsen GF, Mendes AI, Solé D. Objective improvement in nasal congestion and nasal hyperreactivity with use of nasal steroids in persistent allergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2010; 24:e32-6. [PMID: 20109319 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2010.24.3427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to evaluate the action of topical nasal steroid in nasal congestion and nasal hyper-reactivity in children and adolescents with persistent allergic rhinitis. METHODS Twenty atopic children and adolescents (6 to 18 years) with moderate-to-severe persistent allergic rhinitis (PAR) were treated with mometasone furoate (100 microg once a day) for 21 days. At the beginning and end of treatment, the following were recorded: a) nasal symptoms score; b) several parameters of nasal congestion measured by acoustic rhinometry (SRE 2000 Rhinometrics); c) degree of nasal hyper-reactivity to histamine (concentration of histamine necessary to induce at least 100% increase in total nasal resistance during nasal provocation test). Data were compared with those from 20 controls. RESULTS Compared to controls, PAR patients had significantly higher score of symptoms, as well as higher degree of nasal hyper-reactivity and lower nasal volumes. After treatment, there was a significant decrease in the mean nasal symptoms score (8.0 versus 3.8; p < 0.001) and in the nasal hyper-reactivity (histamine concentration: 0.72 mg/ml versus 2.60 mg/ml; p < 0.001). Congestion improvement was observed by the increase in all acoustic rhinometry parameters. Among all studied volumes, the volume in the segment between 2 and 5 cm showed the highest mean increase (19.8%). CONCLUSION Treatment with topical nasal steroid objectively reduced nasal congestion and nasal histamine hyper-reactivity in children and adolescents with PAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo F Wandalsen
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Chawes BLK, Kreiner-Møller E, Bisgaard H. Upper and lower airway patency are associated in young children. Chest 2010; 137:1332-7. [PMID: 20118204 DOI: 10.1378/chest.09-2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although allergic rhinitis and asthma frequently coexist, the nature of this association is poorly understood. Therefore, we examined whether upper and lower airway patency are associated. METHODS We investigated 221 6-year-old children from the Copenhagen Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood birth cohort, assessing upper airway patency by acoustic rhinometry before and after alpha-agonist, and lower airway patency by spirometry before and after beta2-agonist. Furthermore, we measured blood eosinophil count, nasal eosinophilia, total IgE, and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide. Associations were investigated by generalized linear models. RESULTS Decongested nasal airway patency and post-beta2 FEV(1) were significantly associated (P = .007). The association remained significant after adjustments for sex, body size, FVC, and atopic diseases (beta-coefficient 2.85 cm(3); 95% CI, 0.42 to 5.29; P = .02). Baseline values of upper and lower airway patency were also significantly associated (beta-coefficient 0.89 cm(3); 95% CI, 0.26-1.51; P = .01). In addition, blood eosinophil count and nasal eosinophilia were inversely associated with decongested nasal airway patency, beta-coefficient -0.42 cm(3) (95% CI, -0.77 to -0.07; P = .02) and beta-coefficient -0.47 cm(3) (95% CI, -0.89 to -0.05; P = .03), respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found a strong and consistent association between upper and lower airway patency. This may be due to a common pathology, as suggested by the inverse association between decongested nasal airway patency, blood eosinophil count, and nasal eosinophilia. Alternatively, the association between upper and lower airway patency might reflect a physiologic background for the common comorbidity.
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Chawes BLK, Kreiner‐Møller E, Bisgaard H. Objective assessments of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in young children. Allergy 2009; 64:1547-1553. [PMID: 19663868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic and nonallergic rhinitis are common childhood disorders. OBJECTIVE To study nasal eosinophilia and nasal airway patency in young children with allergic and nonallergic rhinitis to assess the pathology behind such diagnoses. METHODS We investigated 255 children at six years of age from the Copenhagen Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood birth cohort assessing rhinitis history, specific immunoglobulin E relevant to rhinitis symptoms, nasal eosinophilia and nasal airway patency by acoustic rhinometry before and after decongestion. Associations were studied in a multivariate graphical model corrected for gender, height and nasal steroid usage. RESULTS Allergic rhinitis was significantly and directly associated with irreversible nasal airway obstruction (reduced decongested nasal airway patency) (P = 0.004), whereas nonallergic rhinitis was not. Both allergic rhinitis (P = 0.000) and nonallergic rhinitis (P = 0.014) were directly and significantly associated with nasal eosinophilia, but this association was stronger for allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSION Allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis are of different pathologies as suggested from their different associations not only to allergy but importantly also to irreversible nasal airway obstruction and eosinophilic inflammation. Allergic rhinitis was significantly associated with nasal eosinophilia and irreversible nasal airway obstruction suggesting chronic inflammation and structural remodeling of the nasal mucosa in children at the age of 6 years. Nonallergic rhinitis exhibited no change in the nasal airway patency, but some nasal mucosal eosinophilia albeit less than children with allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. L. K. Chawes
- Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E. Kreiner‐Møller
- Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H. Bisgaard
- Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Copenhagen, Denmark
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Okun MN, Hadjiangelis N, Green D, Hedli LC, Lee KC, Krieger AC. Acoustic rhinometry in pediatric sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2009; 14:43-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-009-0278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhang G, Solomon P, Rival R, Fenton RS, Cole P. Nasal Airway Volume and Resistance to Airflow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 22:371-5. [DOI: 10.2500/ajr.2008.22.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background In modern rhinological practice and research, rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry are widely used. The goal of this study was to determine whether there is correlation between rhinomanometrically derived nasal airflow resistances and acoustic rhinometrically derived nasal airway volumes. Methods To achieve the goal, a prospective cross-sectional study of a total of 316 patients complaining of nasal obstruction was performed. Resulting data were compared by means of Spearman rank correlations of the total number of patients and of subgroups. Results The total number of patients, and most subgroups, in both their untreated and decongested states showed significant negative correlation unilaterally between nasal airflow resistances and nasal volumes. Conclusion Rhinomanometric nasal airflow resistances and concurrent acoustic rhinometric nasal airway volumes are closely correlated. The combination of the two objective methods provides insight into nasal airflow physiology and nasal airway anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehua Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, GD, China
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON. Canada
| | - Philip Solomon
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON. Canada
| | - Richard Rival
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON. Canada
| | - Ronald S. Fenton
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON. Canada
| | - Philip Cole
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON. Canada
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Straszek SP, Moeller A, Hall GL, Zhang G, Stick SM, Franklin PJ. Reference values for acoustic rhinometry in children from 4 to 13 years old. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 22:285-91. [PMID: 18275635 DOI: 10.2500/ajr.2008.22.3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a growing number of studies using acoustic rhinometry (AR) in children, no reference material exists that incorporates the entire age and height interval of preschool children up to puberty for a range of rhinometric variables. The aim of this study is to provide a reference range for nasal volumes and minimum cross-sectional areas (MCAs) in healthy nondecongested children aged 4-13 years old. METHODS Two hundred fifty-six primary school children (mean, 7.95 years; range, 3.8-13.1 years; 123 boys/133 girls) were measured by AR. Variables were MCA (first, second, and absolute minimum) and nasal volumes from 0 to 4 cm (Vol0-4), 0 to 5 cm (Vol0-5), 1 to 4 cm (Vol1-4), and 2 to 5 cm (Vol2-5) into the nasal cavity. Height and weight were measured and atopic status was determined by skin-prick test. Age and current and past respiratory health were recorded from a questionnaire. RESULTS In multiple linear regression models height was the main predictor for all AR variables although weight also was a significant predictor of MCAs. There was no association between any AR variables with sex, atopy, or hay fever but children with current wheeze (within last 12 months) and asthma had decreased nasal patency. CONCLUSION This article presents the most extensive current reference material for AR in nondecongested prepubescent healthy children. The presented reference material will facilitate the interpretation and evaluation of future and present epidemiologic studies based on AR in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sune P Straszek
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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