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Martínez JL, Maner JK. Individual differences in spite predict costly third-party punishment. J Pers 2024. [PMID: 38416715 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spiteful behaviors are those aimed at inflicting harm on another person while also incurring a cost to the self. Although spite sometimes reflects destructive and socially undesirable behaviors including aggression, the current work sought to examine a potentially socially beneficial aspect of spite: engagement in costly punishment for selfish behavior. METHOD Four studies used a costly third-party punishment task and measured individual differences in spite, narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and motivations for engaging in punishment. RESULTS Trait spite was positively associated with costly punishment of selfish behavior. That association was independent of other dark personality traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy) and was statistically mediated by a desire for retribution. One of the studies also provided evidence that trait spite was associated with costly punishment of even generous behavior; however, rather than a desire for retribution, that association was mediated by a desire to threaten the person being punished. CONCLUSION Punishing selfishness and other forms of wrongdoing plays an essential role in cooperative group living. The current work provides new insight into the role spiteful motivations might play in this crucial social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Martínez
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Jon K Maner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Ścigała KA, Arkoudi I, Schild C, Pfattheicher S, Zettler I. The relation between Honesty-Humility and moral concerns as expressed in language. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Kircaburun K, Jonason P, Griffiths MD, Aslanargun E, Emirtekin E, Tosuntaş ŞB, Billieux J. Childhood Emotional Abuse and Cyberbullying Perpetration: The Role of Dark Personality Traits. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP11877-NP11893. [PMID: 31789089 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519889930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dark personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, spitefulness, and sadism) are associated with adverse childhood experiences and deviant online behaviors. However, their mediating role between childhood emotional abuse and cyberbullying has never previously been investigated. We examined direct and indirect associations of childhood emotional abuse and cyberbullying via dark personality traits among 772 participants. Men were better characterized by dark personality traits and were more likely to engage in cyberbullying than women, and there were no sex differences in childhood emotional abuse. Collectively, dark traits fully mediated the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and cyberbullying in men, with partial mediation in the total sample and women. More specifically, Machiavellianism and spitefulness were mediators in both samples, sadism was a mediator in men and the total sample, and psychopathy was a mediator in the total sample and women. The dark personality traits can account for the association between childhood emotional abuse and cyberbullying, especially among men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Jonason
- Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
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Andrejević M, Smillie LD, Feuerriegel D, Turner WF, Laham SM, Bode S. How Do Basic Personality Traits Map Onto Moral Judgments of Fairness-Related Actions? SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506211038295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reliance on fairness norms is a core feature of moral behavior and judgment, and is conceptually and empirically linked with basic personality dimensions. However, the specific nature of these links is poorly understood. In this study ( N = 313, 68% female), we employed a novel third-party judgment paradigm, in which participants made moral judgments of various sharing actions of virtual others. This allowed us to capture individual variation in the relative importance of several fairness norms. We correlated these norm profiles with Big Five personality traits. We observed distinct associations between agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion and estimates of the importance of generosity, selfishness, relative generosity, and relative selfishness norms. Comparisons of these associations at the domain- versus facet-level of personality traits suggested these relations are specific to domain-level traits. These findings are an important step toward unraveling the complex links between fairness norms and basic personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Andrejević
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke D. Smillie
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Feuerriegel
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - William F. Turner
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon M. Laham
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Zapko-Willmes A, Schwartz SH, Richter J, Kandler C. Basic value orientations and moral foundations: Convergent or discriminant constructs? JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rogier G, Roberti A, Garofalo C, Velotti P. An investigation of spitefulness in violent offenders: Associations with the dark triad and emotion dysregulation. Personal Ment Health 2021; 15:89-99. [PMID: 33047517 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spitefulness is the inclination to inflict harm to someone else even at one's own expenses. The development of a self-report measure (the Spitefulness Scale [SS]) has fostered the investigation of the relationships between spitefulness and aggression-related variables. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the construct of spitefulness in violent offenders. Through a translation/back-translation procedure, the SS was translated into Italian, and its psychometric properties were examined. METHOD A sample of 249 male violent offenders and 172 male community participants filled out the SS, the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale-IV, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and the Dirty Dozen Scale. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis results supported the unidimensional factor structure of the SS. Further results indicated that the scale had good internal consistency and met criteria for configural invariance, partial weak invariance and partial strong invariance across samples. Correlational analyses evidenced positive and significant associations between the SS scores and measures of the dark triad and emotion dysregulation. The offender sample scored significantly higher than the community sample on the SS. CONCLUSION Results support the internal structure and construct validity of the SS, suggesting its potential utility for the study of the construct of spitefulness in violent offenders. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyonne Rogier
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Roberti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Garofalo
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Patrizia Velotti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Kircaburun K, Griffiths MD. The dark side of internet: Preliminary evidence for the associations of dark personality traits with specific online activities and problematic internet use. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:993-1003. [PMID: 30427212 PMCID: PMC6376394 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Research has shown that personality traits play an important role in problematic internet use (PIU). However, the relationship between dark personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, and spitefulness) and PIU has yet to be investigated. Consequently, the objectives of this study were to investigate the relationships of dark traits with specific online activities (i.e., social media, gaming, gambling, shopping, and sex) and PIU. METHODS A total of 772 university students completed a self-report survey, including the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Scale, Short Sadistic Impulse Scale, Spitefulness Scale, and an adapted version of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale. RESULTS Hierarchical regression analysis and a multiple mediation model indicated that being male was positively associated with higher online gaming, online sex, and online gambling, and negatively associated with social media and online shopping. Narcissism was related to higher social media use; Machiavellianism was related to higher online gaming, online sex, and online gambling; sadism was related to online sex; and spitefulness was associated with online sex, online gambling, and online shopping. Finally, Machiavellianism and spitefulness were directly and indirectly associated with PIU via online gambling, online gaming, and online shopping, and narcissism was indirectly associated with PIU through social media use. DISCUSSION Findings of this preliminary study show that individuals high in dark personality traits may be more vulnerable in developing problematic online use and that further research is warranted to examine the associations of dark personality traits with specific types of problematic online activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kagan Kircaburun
- Faculty of Education, Department of Computer and Instructional Technologies, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey,Corresponding author: Kagan Kircaburun; Faculty of Education, Department of Computer and Instructional Technologies, Duzce University, Konuralp Campus, Duzce 81620, Turkey; Phone: +90 0380 542 1355; Fax: +90 0380 542 1366; E-mail:
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Zeigler-Hill V, Noser AE. Characterizing Spitefulness in Terms of the DSM-5 Model of Pathological Personality Traits. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-016-9484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
In this study, we examined if a self-report of trait spite, the Spitefulness Scale, retains the same associations with dark personality traits in individuals with severe mental illness. We also examine if reports on the Spitefulness Scale are correlated with observed spiteful behavior in a game developed to offer opportunities for spite. One hundred twenty individuals clinically diagnosed with psychotic spectrum disorders and receiving inpatient treatment at a state hospital participated in this study and completed measures of personality. The Spitefulness Scale retained its associations with measures of dark personality traits in individuals with psychosis. Spitefulness Scale scores were also related to a performance measure of spite and spite was evidenced by a significant proportion of participants across measures (20.8%-26.7%). These data suggest the presence of spite as it is understood in the general population in a significant subset of individuals with psychosis. Spite could be considered an independent personality trait and part of the family of dark personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H Moyer
- a Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior , Augusta University.,b East Central Regional Hospital , Augusta , Georgia
| | - Joseph P McEvoy
- a Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior , Augusta University.,b East Central Regional Hospital , Augusta , Georgia
| | - P Alex Mabe
- a Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior , Augusta University
| | | | | | - Peter F Buckley
- a Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior , Augusta University
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Ewing D, Zeigler-Hill V, Vonk J. Spitefulness and deficits in the social–perceptual and social–cognitive components of Theory of Mind. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zeigler-Hill V, Vonk J. Dark Personality Features and Emotion Dysregulation. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2015.34.8.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Larson DG, Chastain RL, Hoyt WT, Ayzenberg R. Self-Concealment: Integrative Review and Working Model. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2015.34.8.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Marcus DK, Zeigler-Hill V. A Big Tent of Dark Personality Traits. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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