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Sörman K, Fakih A, Caman S, Kelley SE, Poghosyan K, Gustavsson P, Edens JF, Howner K. Psychopathic Traits in a Swedish Court-Ordered Forensic Sample: Preferential Associations of Boldness, Meanness, and Disinhibition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2023:306624X231188233. [PMID: 37599377 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x231188233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The construct validity of the triarchic psychopathy model has yet to be evaluated in the Swedish forensic psychiatric context. We examined associations between the three phenotypic constructs of the triarchic model of psychopathy (i.e., boldness, meanness, disinhibition), self-assessed empathy and anxiety, and clinical variables in 91 individuals undergoing pretrial forensic psychiatric evaluation in Sweden. Participants completed the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) and self-report measures of empathy and anxiety. Clinical variables, including psychiatric diagnoses and criminal behavior, were collected from the forensic psychiatric evaluations (FPE). All three subscales of the TriPM displayed significant and predominantly anticipated correlations with empathy and trait anxiety measures. TriPM Disinhibition was the only subscale with significant associations with the clinical variables collected from the FPEs. The results provide evidence for the reliability and construct validity of the Swedish translation of the TriPM in a pretrial forensic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayman Fakih
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- National Board of Forensic Medicine, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Katarina Howner
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- National Board of Forensic Medicine, Huddinge, Sweden
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Veltman E, Poulton R, Patrick CJ, Sellbom M. Construct Validity of Triarchic Model Traits in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study Using the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. J Pers Disord 2023; 37:71-94. [PMID: 36723418 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2023.37.1.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The triarchic model of psychopathy emphasizes the role of three phenotypic personality domains (boldness, meanness, and disinhibition) that have been operationalized using the well-established Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. The present study sought to further validate the MPQ-Tri scales and examine their temporal stability and predictive validity across two time points (ages 18 and 26) from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a population-representative and longitudinal sample (N = 1,037). This investigation necessitated modification of the MPQ-Tri scales to enable their use in a broader range of samples, including the Dunedin Study. The revised MPQ-Tri scales demonstrated good temporal stability, and correlation and multiple linear regression analyses predominantly revealed associations consistent with theoretical expectations. Overall, the findings provide support for the MPQ-Tri scales as reliable, stable, and valid measures of the triarchic constructs, which provide a unique opportunity to examine highly novel research questions concerning psychopathy in a wide variety of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Veltman
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richie Poulton
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Dias-Oliveira E, Morais C, Pasion R. Psychopathic Traits, Academic Fraud, and the Mediating Role of Motivation, Opportunity, Rationalization and Perceived Capability. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. This study provides initial insights on the relation between psychopathic traits (disinhibition, meanness, and boldness) and academic fraud (prevalence and severity), while considering important mediators of fraud (perceived capability, opportunity, motivation, and rationalization). Based on a large sample of university students ( N = 967), two structural equation models (test and replication) were built to test the study’s main hypothesis and probe the robustness of the results. A direct link from disinhibition to prevalence was found, suggesting that disinhibition is associated with social deviance in the academic context. Higher motivation for cheating exclusively mediated this path. In meanness, rationalization explained lower rates of perceived severity of academic fraud, indicating that cognitive self-justifications trigger dishonest behavior in meanness. Boldness explained the prevalence of academic fraud via perceived capability, suggesting that low-fear, although adaptive in evaluation contexts, may increase the perceived capability for cheating. The reported significant associations support that academic fraud is part of the nomological network of psychopathy and unveil the complexity of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dias-Oliveira
- Catolica Porto Business School, Portuguese Catholic University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Morais
- Research Centre for Human Development, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Pasion
- Catolica Porto Business School, Portuguese Catholic University, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
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Pechorro P, DeLisi M, Gonçalves RA, Maroco J. Bold, mean and disinhibited: getting specific about the mediating role of self-control and antisocial outcomes in youth. PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND LAW : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW 2021; 29:871-888. [PMID: 36267604 PMCID: PMC9578483 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2021.1995519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Self-control and psychopathy are correlated with antisocial behaviors among diverse samples, and a spate of recent studies examined their direct associations with criminal outcomes. However, research has largely overlooked mediation effects between psychopathy, self-control and deviant outcomes. The current study examined self-control mediation effects related to the triarchic psychopathy construct and juvenile delinquency, crime seriousness, conduct disorder (CD), and aggression outcomes. The sample consisted of N = 567 (M = 15.91 years, SD = 0.99, range = 14-18 years) southern-European youth from Portugal. Study design was cross-sectional, quantitative and non-experimental. Mediation analysis using path analysis procedures indicated that low self-control mediates the relation between the Boldness, Disinhibition and Meanness factors of the triarchic psychopathy construct and the delinquency, crime seriousness, CD and aggression outcomes. Findings suggest that self-control is a mediator of triarchic psychopathic features and diverse externalizing behavior outcomes, which adds specificity to their interrelationship as general predictors of antisocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pechorro
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Matt DeLisi
- Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - João Maroco
- William James Centre for Research, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal
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Pursuing the developmental aims of the triarchic model of psychopathy: Creation and validation of triarchic scales for use in the USC: RFAB longitudinal twin project. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:1088-1103. [PMID: 33583443 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420002060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The triarchic model was advanced as an integrative, trait-based framework for investigating psychopathy using different assessment methods and across developmental periods. Recent research has shown that the triarchic traits of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition can be operationalized effectively in youth, but longitudinal research is needed to realize the model's potential to advance developmental understanding of psychopathy. We report on the creation and validation of scale measures of the triarchic traits using questionnaire items available in the University of Southern California Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior (RFAB) project, a large-scale longitudinal study of the development of antisocial behavior that includes measures from multiple modalities (self-report, informant rating, clinical-diagnostic, task-behavioral, physiological). Using a construct-rating and psychometric refinement approach, we developed triarchic scales that showed acceptable reliability, expected intercorrelations, and good temporal stability. The scales showed theory-consistent relations with external criteria including measures of psychopathy, internalizing/externalizing psychopathology, antisocial behavior, and substance use. Findings demonstrate the viability of measuring triarchic traits in the RFAB sample, extend the known nomological network of these traits into the developmental realm, and provide a foundation for follow-up studies examining the etiology of psychopathic traits and their relations with multimodal measures of cognitive-affective function and proneness to clinical problems.
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Pauli M, Ölund Alonso H, Liljeberg J, Gustavsson P, Howner K. Investigating the Validity Evidence of the Swedish TriPM in High Security Prisoners Using the PCL-R and NEO-FFI. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:704516. [PMID: 34867508 PMCID: PMC8640174 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.704516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The triarchic model of psychopathy was developed to bridge opposing descriptions of psychopathy by separating the core construct in three domains; boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. The Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) operationalizes the model through a 58-item self-report questionnaire. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Swedish translation by investigating intercorrelations and associations to expert-rated psychopathy, general personality and psychopathy-related traits in male high-security prisoners (n = 191). Psychopathy rated with TriPM and the Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) demonstrated expected convergence, as did empathy and impulsivity measures. The Disinhibition and Meanness scales were highly correlated, indicating that the scales might not be adequately differentiated. Nevertheless, the divergent association patterns to other important variables, particularly neuroticism and empathy, also points to meaningful differences. However, the lack of association between Disinhibition and Boldness may put into question if these domains are related at all, especially since there was a lack of similarity in the association patterns with other clinical variables. The influence of antisocial behavior in the TriPM operationalization might amplify the similarities of the Meanness and Disinhibition scales, while diluting the associations between Meanness and Boldness. In conclusion, the Swedish TriPM is effective in measuring the domains of triarchic model in forensic settings, even though a revision of the scales might improve the psychometric properties of the instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Pauli
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,National Board of Forensic Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannibal Ölund Alonso
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Forensic Psychiatric Care Stockholm, Stockholm Healthcare Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Liljeberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,National Board of Forensic Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Gustavsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Howner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,National Board of Forensic Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
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Luo J, Wang MC, Zhang X, Deng J, Huang D, Zhou Z. Psychometric Properties of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory Triarchic Scales and Its Short Version in Chinese Male Juvenile Offenders. J Pers Assess 2020; 103:300-311. [PMID: 32319825 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2020.1752700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy encompasses three distinct dispositional components: boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. The current study aimed to validate triarchic construct scales composed of items from the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) in a sample of Chinese male juvenile offenders (N = 613, mean age = 17.14 years, SD = 1.09 years). Although the CFA and ESEM models failed to support the three-factor structure for YPI-based triarchic scores, the convergent and criteria validity of the YPI-Tri and YPI-Tri-S were supported as they demonstrated the expected relation with other psychopathic traits or component measures and aggressive behavior measures. The internal consistency of the YPI-Tri and YPI-Tri-S scores ranged from marginal to good. The findings provide preliminary evidence for the YPI-based triarchic scores and support for the utility of the YPI-Tri and YPI-Tri-S in assessing psychopathy in Chinese male juvenile offenders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University
| | | | | | - Jiaxin Deng
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University
| | | | - Zhu Zhou
- Guangdong Prison Administrative Bureau
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Paiva TO, Almeida PR, Coelho RC, Pasion R, Barbosa F, Ferreira‐Santos F, Bastos‐Leite AJ, Marques‐Teixeira J. The neurophysiological correlates of the triarchic model of psychopathy: An approach to the basic mechanisms of threat conditioning and inhibitory control. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13567. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago O. Paiva
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences University of Porto Porto Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Imaging University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Pedro R. Almeida
- Faculty of Law School of Criminology Interdisciplinary Research Center on Crime, Justice and Security University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Rui C. Coelho
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Rita Pasion
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Fernando Ferreira‐Santos
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | | | - João Marques‐Teixeira
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences University of Porto Porto Portugal
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Tortoriello GK, Hart W, Breeden CJ. Of malevolence and morality: Psychopathy dimensions are conducive to helping in highly-distressing moral dilemmas. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Testori M, Kempf M, Hoyle RB, Eisenbarth H. When Do Psychopathic Traits Affect Cooperative Behavior? JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Personality traits have been long recognized to have a strong impact on human decision-making. In this study, a sample of 314 participants took part in an online game to investigate the impact of psychopathic traits on cooperative behavior in an iterated Prisoner’s dilemma game. We found that disinhibition decreased the maintenance of cooperation in successive plays, but had no effect on moving toward cooperation after a previous defection or on the overall level of cooperation over rounds. Furthermore, our results underline the crucial importance of a good model selection procedure, showing how a poor choice of statistical model can provide misleading results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Testori
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Hedwig Eisenbarth
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, UK
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
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Preston OC, Anestis JC. The Indirect Relationships between Psychopathic Traits and Proactive and Reactive Aggression through Empathy and Emotion Dysregulation. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-019-09760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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The multiple facets of psychopathy in attack and defense conflicts. Behav Brain Sci 2019; 42:e135. [PMID: 31407984 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x19000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
With respect to De Dreu and Gross's article, we comment on the psychological functions for attack and defense, focusing on associations between individual differences in psychopathic personality traits and the behavioral patterns observed in attack-defense conflicts. We highlight the dimensional nature of psychopathy and formulate hypothetical associations between distinct traits, their different behavioral outcomes, and associated brain mechanisms.
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Durand G. A French translation and validation of the Durand Adaptive Psychopathic Traits Questionnaire: An investigation with community samples from France and Canada. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204214. [PMID: 30256817 PMCID: PMC6157882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents a French translation and validation of the Durand Adaptive Psychopathic Traits Questionnaire (DAPTQ; Durand, 2017), an instrument for assessing adaptive traits known to correlate with the psychopathic personality. The first sample, which included individuals from France and Canada (N = 135, 52% in France, Mage = 26.98, SD = 9.24), completed the DAPTQ in French, alongside measures of empathy, positive and negative affects, satisfaction with life, and self-esteem. The second sample included bilingual (French and English) individuals from France and Canada (N = 141, 52% in France, Mage = 29.73, SD = 9.09) who completed both versions of the DAPTQ (French and English), alongside measurements of perceived stress, trait anxiety, and creativity. The results support the DAPTQ-French version good internal consistency (α = .89/.87), convergent validity, and concurrent validity. Correlation between the DAPTQ total and subscales across versions (French-English) showed strong associations (r = .84 to .96). These findings support the cross-cultural equivalence of the DAPTQ and its effectiveness as a valid assessment method of adaptive traits in the field of psychopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Durand
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Preston OC, Anestis JC. Psychopathic traits and politics: Examining affiliation, support of political issues, and the role of empathy. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fernandes C, Gonçalves AR, Pasion R, Ferreira-Santos F, Paiva TO, Melo E Castro J, Barbosa F, Martins IP, Marques-Teixeira J. European Portuguese adaptation and validation of dilemmas used to assess moral decision-making. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2018; 40:38-46. [PMID: 29641650 DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective To adapt and validate a widely used set of moral dilemmas to European Portuguese, which can be applied to assess decision-making. Moreover, the classical formulation of the dilemmas was compared with a more focused moral probe. Finally, a shorter version of the moral scenarios was tested. Methods The Portuguese version of the set of moral dilemmas was tested in 53 individuals from several regions of Portugal. In a second study, an alternative way of questioning on moral dilemmas was tested in 41 participants. Finally, the shorter version of the moral dilemmas was tested in 137 individuals. Results Results evidenced no significant differences between English and Portuguese versions. Also, asking whether actions are "morally acceptable" elicited less utilitarian responses than the original question, although without reaching statistical significance. Finally, all tested versions of moral dilemmas exhibited the same pattern of responses, suggesting that the fundamental elements to the moral decision-making were preserved. Conclusions We found evidence of cross-cultural validity for moral dilemmas. However, the moral focus might affect utilitarian/deontological judgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Fernandes
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofisiologia, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Ribeiro Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofisiologia, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Pasion
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofisiologia, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ferreira-Santos
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofisiologia, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Oliveira Paiva
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofisiologia, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Melo E Castro
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofisiologia, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofisiologia, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pavão Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Marques-Teixeira
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofisiologia, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Coffey CA, Cox J, Kopkin MR. Examining the Relationships Between the Triarchic Psychopathy Constructs and Behavioral Deviance in a Community Sample. J Pers Disord 2018; 32:57-69. [PMID: 28513350 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2017_31_288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the extent to which psychopathic traits relate to the commission of mild to moderate acts of deviance, such as vandalism and minor traffic violations. Given that psychopathy is now studied in community populations, the relationship between psychopathic traits and less severe deviant behaviors, which are more normative among noninstitutionalized samples, warrants investigation. The current study examined the relationships between the triarchic model of psychopathy (Patrick, Fowles & Krueger, 2009) and seven forms of deviant behavior (drug use, alcohol use, theft, vandalism, school misconduct, assault, and general deviance) in a nationally representative sample. Triarchic disinhibition positively predicted each form of normative deviance. Boldness positively predicted drug and alcohol use as well as general deviance, while meanness negatively predicted school misconduct. Boldness and disinhibition also positively predicted overall lifetime engagement in deviant behavior. Implications are discussed, including support of the role of boldness within the psychopathy construct.
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Efferson L, Glenn A, Remmel R, Iyer R. The influence of gender on the relationship between psychopathy and five moral foundations. Personal Ment Health 2017; 11:335-343. [PMID: 28856869 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that individuals higher in psychopathy are less concerned about preventing harm and preserving fairness than individuals lower in psychopathy, yet it is unclear whether this is true for both genders. Females have been shown to be more concerned about moral issues related to preventing harm, being fair and maintaining purity, and males are more concerned about in-group loyalty and respecting authority. In addition, females on average are more empathic, less willing to cause harm and may be less sensitive to fairness. The goal of this study was to examine gender's influence on the relationship between psychopathy and five moral foundations. In a large online sample, we found that although gender moderated the relationship between psychopathy and harm and fairness, the magnitude of these interactions was small. The main effects of gender and of psychopathy support previous research. Overall, females were more concerned than males about preventing harm. Both males and females scoring higher in psychopathy were less concerned about harm and fairness than those lower in psychopathy. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Efferson
- Psychology Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Andrea Glenn
- Psychology Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Center for Prevention of Youth Behavior Problems, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Rheanna Remmel
- Psychology Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Ravi Iyer
- Civil Politics, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Psychopathy and impulsivity: The relationship of the triarchic model of psychopathy to different forms of impulsivity in offenders and community participants. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Esteller À, Poy R, Moltó J. Deficient aversive-potentiated startle and the triarchic model of psychopathy: The role of boldness. Biol Psychol 2016; 117:131-140. [PMID: 27033014 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the contribution of the phenotypic domains of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition of the triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy (Patrick, Fowles, & Krueger, 2009) to deficient aversive-potentiated startle in a mixed-gender sample of 180 undergraduates. Eyeblink responses to noise probes were recorded during a passive picture-viewing task (erotica, neutral, threat, and mutilation). Deficient threat vs. neutral potentiation was uniquely related to increased boldness scores, thus suggesting that the diminished defensive reaction to aversive stimulation is specifically linked to the charm, social potency and venturesomeness features of psychopathy (boldness), but not to features such as callousness, coldheartedness and cruelty traits (meanness), even though both phenotypes theoretically share the same underlying low-fear disposition. Our findings provide further evidence of the differential association between distinct psychopathy components and deficits in defensive reactivity and strongly support the validity of the triarchic model of psychopathy in disentangling the etiology of this personality disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngels Esteller
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
| | - Rosario Poy
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Javier Moltó
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
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