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Ono T, Yamashita T, Kano R, Inoue M, Okada S, Kano K, Koizumi S, Iwabuchi K, Hirabayashi Y, Matsuo I, Nakashima Y, Kamiguchi H, Kohro Y, Tsuda M. GPR55 contributes to neutrophil recruitment and mechanical pain induction after spinal cord compression in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 110:276-287. [PMID: 36898418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain transmission and processing in the nervous system are modulated by various biologically active substances, including lysophospholipids, through direct and indirect actions on the somatosensory pathway. Lysophosphatidylglucoside (LysoPtdGlc) was recently identified as a structurally unique lysophospholipid that exerts biological actions via the G protein-coupled receptor GPR55. Here, we demonstrated that GPR55-knockout (KO) mice show impaired induction of mechanical pain hypersensitivity in a model of spinal cord compression (SCC) without the same change in the models of peripheral tissue inflammation and peripheral nerve injury. Among these models, only SCC recruited peripheral inflammatory cells (neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and CD3+ T-cells) in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH), and GPR55-KO blunted these recruitments. Neutrophils were the first cells recruited to the SDH, and their depletion suppressed the induction of SCC-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and inflammatory responses in compressed SDH. Furthermore, we found that PtdGlc was present in the SDH and that intrathecal administration of an inhibitor of secretory phospholipase A2 (an enzyme required for producing LysoPtdGlc from PtdGlc) reduced neutrophil recruitment to compressed SDH and suppressed pain induction. Finally, by screening compounds from a chemical library, we identified auranofin as a clinically used drug with an inhibitory effect on mouse and human GPR55. Systemically administered auranofin to mice with SCC effectively suppressed spinal neutrophil infiltration and pain hypersensitivity. These results suggest that GPR55 signaling contributes to the induction of inflammatory responses and chronic pain after SCC via the recruitment of neutrophils and may provide a new target for reducing pain induction after spinal cord compression, such as spinal canal stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Ono
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamashita
- Department of Drug Discovery Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryota Kano
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mariko Inoue
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shota Okada
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koki Kano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamiguchi
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuta Kohro
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Brenneman DE, Kinney WA, McDonnell ME, Zhao P, Abood ME, Ward SJ. Anti-Inflammatory Properties of KLS-13019: a Novel GPR55 Antagonist for Dorsal Root Ganglion and Hippocampal Cultures. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1859-1874. [PMID: 35779192 PMCID: PMC9398971 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
KLS-13019, a novel devised cannabinoid-like compound, was explored for anti-inflammatory actions in dorsal root ganglion cultures relevant to chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Time course studies with 3 µM paclitaxel indicated > 1.9-fold increases in immunoreactive (IR) area for cell body GPR55 after 30 min as determined by high content imaging. To test for reversibility of paclitaxel-induced increases in GPR55, cultures were treated for 8 h with paclitaxel alone and then a dose response to KLS-13019 added for another 16 h. This "reversal" paradigm indicated established increases in cell body GPR55 IR areas were decreased back to control levels. Because GPR55 had previously reported inflammatory actions, IL-1β and NLRP3 (inflammasome-3 marker) were also measured in the "reversal" paradigm. Significant increases in all inflammatory markers were produced after 8 h of paclitaxel treatment alone that were reversed to control levels with KLS-13019 treatment. Accompanying studies using alamar blue indicated that decreased cellular viability produced by paclitaxel treatment was reverted back to control levels by KLS-13019. Similar studies conducted with lysophosphatidylinositol (GPR55 agonist) in DRG or hippocampal cultures demonstrated significant increases in neuritic GPR55, NLRP3 and IL-1β areas that were reversed to control levels with KLS-13019 treatment. Studies with a human GPR55-β-arrestin assay in Discover X cells indicated that KLS-13019 was an antagonist without agonist activity. These studies indicated that KLS-13019 has anti-inflammatory properties mediated through GPR55 antagonist actions. Together with previous studies, KLS-13019 is a potent neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory cannabinoid with therapeutic potential for high efficacy treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Brenneman
- Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Kannalife Sciences, Inc, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA.
| | - William A Kinney
- Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Kannalife Sciences, Inc, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Mark E McDonnell
- Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Kannalife Sciences, Inc, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Pingei Zhao
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Mary E Abood
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Sara Jane Ward
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
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GPR55 and GPR119 Receptors Contribute to the Processing of Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010067. [PMID: 35056124 PMCID: PMC8778754 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Orphan G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) comprise a large number of receptors which are widely distributed in the nervous system and represent an opportunity to identify new molecular targets in pain medicine. GPR55 and GPR119 are two orphan GPCR receptors whose physiological function is unclear. The aim was to explore the participation of spinal GPR55 and GPR119 in the processing of neuropathic pain in rats. Mechanical allodynia was evaluated using von Frey filaments. Protein localization and modulation were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, respectively. Intrathecal administration of CID16020046 (selective GPR55 antagonist) or AS1269574 (selective GPR119 agonist) produced a dose-dependent antiallodynic effect, whereas O1062 (GPR55 agonist) and G-protein antagonist peptide dose-dependently prevented the antiallodynic effect of CID16020046 and AS1269574, respectively. Both GPR55 and GPR119 receptors were expressed in spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerve, but only GPR119 was downregulated after 14 days of spinal nerve ligation. Data suggest that GPR55 and GPR119 participate in the processing of neuropathic pain and could be useful targets to manage neuropathic pain disorders.
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The Interplay between the Immune and the Endocannabinoid Systems in Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061282. [PMID: 34064197 PMCID: PMC8224348 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of Cannabis sativa has been recognized since ancient times. Phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids activate two major G protein-coupled receptors, subtype 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2). Cannabinoids (CBs) modulate several aspects of cancer cells, such as apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stemness. Moreover, agonists of CB1 and CB2 receptors inhibit angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of cancer in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which contains a plethora of innate and adaptive immune cells. These cells play a central role in tumor initiation and growth and the formation of metastasis. CB2 and, to a lesser extent, CB1 receptors are expressed on a variety of immune cells present in TME (e.g., T cells, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, NK cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, eosinophils). The activation of CB receptors modulates a variety of biological effects on cells of the adaptive and innate immune system. The expression of CB2 and CB1 on different subsets of immune cells in TME and hence in tumor development is incompletely characterized. The recent characterization of the human cannabinoid receptor CB2-Gi signaling complex will likely aid to design potent and specific CB2/CB1 ligands with therapeutic potential in cancer.
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Abe J, Guy AT, Ding F, Greimel P, Hirabayashi Y, Kamiguchi H, Ito Y. Systematic synthesis of novel phosphoglycolipid analogues as potential agonists of GPR55. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8467-8473. [PMID: 33063071 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01756f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR55 is attracting attention as a pharmaceutical target, because of its relationship with various physiological and pathological events. Although GPR55 was initially deorphanized as a cannabinoid receptor, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) is now widely perceived to be an endogenous ligand of GPR55. Recently, lysophosphatidyl-β-d-glucoside (LPGlc) has been found to act on GPR55 to repel dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In this study, we designed and synthesized various LPGlc analogues having the squaryldiamide group as potential agonists of GPR55. By the axon turning assay, several analogues exhibited similar activities to that of LPGlc. These results will provide valuable information for understanding the mode of action of LPGlc and its analogues and for the discovery of potent and selective antagonists or agonists of GPR55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Abe
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Adam T Guy
- RIKEN Center for Brain Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Feiqing Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Peter Greimel
- RIKEN Center for Brain Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | | | | | - Yukishige Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan and RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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6
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Emerging roles of lysophospholipids in health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101068. [PMID: 33068601 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are abundant and play essential roles in human health and disease. The main functions of lipids are building blocks for membrane biogenesis. However, lipids are also metabolized to produce signaling molecules. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of circulating lysophospholipids. These lysophospholipids consist of lysoglycerophospholipids and lysosphingolipids. They are both present in cells at low concentration, but their concentrations in extracellular fluids are significantly higher. The biological functions of some of these lysophospholipids have been recently revealed. Remarkably, some of the lysophospholipids play pivotal signaling roles as well as being precursors for membrane biogenesis. Revealing how circulating lysophospholipids are produced, released, transported, and utilized in multi-organ systems is critical to understand their functions. The discovery of enzymes, carriers, transporters, and membrane receptors for these lysophospholipids has shed light on their physiological significance. In this review, we summarize the biological roles of these lysophospholipids via discussing about the proteins regulating their functions. We also discuss about their potential impacts to human health and diseases.
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Okine BN, Mc Laughlin G, Gaspar JC, Harhen B, Roche M, Finn DP. Antinociceptive Effects of the GPR55 Antagonist CID16020046 Injected into the Rat Anterior Cingulate Cortex. Neuroscience 2020; 443:19-29. [PMID: 32673629 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The G-protein coupled receptor, GPR55, modulates nociceptive processing. Given the expression of GPR55 in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a key brain region involved in the cognitive and affective dimensions of pain, the present study tested the hypothesis that GPR55 signalling in the ACC facilitates inflammatory pain behaviour in rats. The expression of GPR55 in the ACC was confirmed by both western blotting and immunostaining, with evidence for neuronal localisation. Microinjection of the selective GPR55 antagonist CID16020046 into the ACC of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats significantly reduced second phase formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviour compared with vehicle-treated controls. CID16020046 administration was associated with a reduction in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a downstream target of GPR55 activation, in the ACC. Intra-ACC administration of CID16020046 prevented the formalin-induced increases in expression of mRNA coding for the immediate early gene and marker of neuronal activity, c-Fos, in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Intra-plantar injection of formalin reduced tissue levels of the endogenous GPR55 ligand 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol (2-AGPI) in the ACC, likely reflecting its increased release/utilisation. These data suggest that endogenous activation of GPR55 signalling and increased ERK phosphorylation in the ACC facilitates inflammatory pain via top-down modulation of descending pain control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright N Okine
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gemma Mc Laughlin
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jessica C Gaspar
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Brendan Harhen
- Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michelle Roche
- Physiology, School of Medicine, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
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Thompson KJ, Tobin AB. Crosstalk between the M 1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and the endocannabinoid system: A relevance for Alzheimer's disease? Cell Signal 2020; 70:109545. [PMID: 31978506 PMCID: PMC7184673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which accounts for 60-70% of the 50 million worldwide cases of dementia and is characterised by cognitive impairments, many of which have long been associated with dysfunction of the cholinergic system. Although the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) is considered a promising drug target for AD, ligands targeting this receptor have so far been unsuccessful in clinical trials. As modulatory receptors to cholinergic transmission, the endocannabinoid system may be a promising drug target to allow fine tuning of the cholinergic system. Furthermore, disease-related changes have been found in the endocannabinoid system during AD progression and indeed targeting the endocannabinoid system at specific disease stages alleviates cognitive symptoms in numerous mouse models of AD. Here we review the role of the endocannabinoid system in AD, and its crosstalk with mAChRs as a potential drug target for cholinergic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Thompson
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Yanagida K, Valentine WJ. Druggable Lysophospholipid Signaling Pathways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:137-176. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Guerrero-Alba R, Barragán-Iglesias P, González-Hernández A, Valdez-Moráles EE, Granados-Soto V, Condés-Lara M, Rodríguez MG, Marichal-Cancino BA. Some Prospective Alternatives for Treating Pain: The Endocannabinoid System and Its Putative Receptors GPR18 and GPR55. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1496. [PMID: 30670965 PMCID: PMC6331465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Marijuana extracts (cannabinoids) have been used for several millennia for pain treatment. Regarding the site of action, cannabinoids are highly promiscuous molecules, but only two cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) have been deeply studied and classified. Thus, therapeutic actions, side effects and pharmacological targets for cannabinoids have been explained based on the pharmacology of cannabinoid CB1/CB2 receptors. However, the accumulation of confusing and sometimes contradictory results suggests the existence of other cannabinoid receptors. Different orphan proteins (e.g., GPR18, GPR55, GPR119, etc.) have been proposed as putative cannabinoid receptors. According to their expression, GPR18 and GPR55 could be involved in sensory transmission and pain integration. Methods: This article reviews select relevant information about the potential role of GPR18 and GPR55 in the pathophysiology of pain. Results: This work summarized novel data supporting that, besides cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, GPR18 and GPR55 may be useful for pain treatment. Conclusion: There is evidence to support an antinociceptive role for GPR18 and GPR55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Guerrero-Alba
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Paulino Barragán-Iglesias
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Abimael González-Hernández
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Eduardo E Valdez-Moráles
- Cátedras CONACYT, Departamento de Cirugía, Centro de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Vinicio Granados-Soto
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Condés-Lara
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Martín G Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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Nourbakhsh F, Atabaki R, Roohbakhsh A. The role of orphan G protein-coupled receptors in the modulation of pain: A review. Life Sci 2018; 212:59-69. [PMID: 30236869 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a large number of receptors. Orphan GPCRs are divided into six families. These groups contain orphan receptors for which the endogenous ligands are unclear. They have various physiological effects in the body and have the potential to be used in the treatment of different diseases. Considering their important role in the central and peripheral nervous system, their role in the treatment of pain has been the subject of some recent studies. At present, there are effective therapeutics for the treatment of pain including opioid medications and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, the side effects of these drugs and the risks of tolerance and dependence remain a major problem. In addition, neuropathic pain is a condition that does not respond to currently available analgesic medications well. In the present review article, we aimed to review the most recent findings regarding the role of orphan GPCRs in the treatment of pain. Accordingly, based on the preclinical findings, the role of GPR3, GPR7, GPR8, GPR18, GPR30, GPR35, GPR40, GPR55, GPR74, and GPR147 in the treatment of pain was discussed. The present study highlights the role of orphan GPCRs in the modulation of pain and implies that these receptors are potential new targets for finding better and more efficient therapeutics for the management of pain particularly neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Nourbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rabi Atabaki
- Rayan Center for Neuroscience & Behavior, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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12
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Elliott MB, Ward SJ, Abood ME, Tuma RF, Jallo JI. Understanding the endocannabinoid system as a modulator of the trigeminal pain response to concussion. Concussion 2018; 2:CNC49. [PMID: 30202590 PMCID: PMC6122691 DOI: 10.2217/cnc-2017-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic headache is the most common symptom of postconcussion syndrome and becomes a chronic neurological disorder in a substantial proportion of patients. This review provides a brief overview of the epidemiology of postconcussion headache, research models used to study this disorder, as well as the proposed mechanisms. An objective of this review is to enhance the understanding of how the endogenous cannabinoid system is essential for maintaining the balance of the CNS and regulating inflammation after injury, and in turn making the endocannabinoid system a potential modulator of the trigeminal response to concussion. The review describes the role of endocannabinoid modulation of pain and the potential for use of phytocannabinoids to treat pain, migraine and concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie B Elliott
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience Thomas Jefferson University, PA 19107, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience Thomas Jefferson University, PA 19107, USA
| | - Sara J Ward
- Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, PA 19140, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mary E Abood
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, PA 19140, USA.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ronald F Tuma
- Department of Physiology Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, PA 19140, USA.,Department of Physiology Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jack I Jallo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience Thomas Jefferson University, PA 19107, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience Thomas Jefferson University, PA 19107, USA
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13
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Endocannabinoid signalling within brainstem centres that control top-down pain control changes significantly in early life in both rodents and humans. Significant age- and experience-dependent remodelling of spinal and supraspinal neural networks occur, resulting in altered pain responses in early life. In adults, endogenous opioid peptide and endocannabinoid (ECs) pain control systems exist which modify pain responses, but the role they play in acute responses to pain and postnatal neurodevelopment is unknown. Here, we have studied the changing role of the ECs in the brainstem nuclei essential for the control of nociception from birth to adulthood in both rats and humans. Using in vivo electrophysiology, we show that substantial functional changes occur in the effect of microinjection of ECs receptor agonists and antagonists in the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and rostroventral medulla (RVM), both of which play central roles in the supraspinal control of pain and the maintenance of chronic pain states in adulthood. We show that in immature PAG and RVM, the orphan receptor, GPR55, is able to mediate profound analgesia which is absent in adults. We show that tissue levels of endocannabinoid neurotransmitters, anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, within the PAG and RVM are developmentally regulated (using mass spectrometry). The expression patterns and levels of ECs enzymes and receptors were assessed using quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. In human brainstem, we show age-related alterations in the expression of key enzymes and receptors involved in ECs function using PCR and in situ hybridisation. These data reveal that significant changes on ECs that to this point have been unknown and which shed new light into the complex neurochemical changes that permit normal, mature responses to pain.
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Alhouayek M, Masquelier J, Muccioli GG. Lysophosphatidylinositols, from Cell Membrane Constituents to GPR55 Ligands. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:586-604. [PMID: 29588059 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylinositols (LPIs) are membrane constituents that alter the properties of said membranes. However, recent data showing that the once orphan receptor, GPR55, can act as a receptor for LPIs has sparked a renewed interest in LPIs as bioactive lipids. As evidence supporting the importance of LPIs and/or GPR55 is continuously accumulating and because LPI levels are altered in a number of pathologies such as obesity and cancer, the coming years should bring new, exciting discoveries to this field. In this review, we discuss the recent work on LPIs and on their molecular target, the GPR55 receptor. First, we summarize the metabolism of LPIs before outlining the cellular pathways activated by GPR55. Then, we review the actions of LPIs and GPR55 that could have potential pharmacological or therapeutic applications in several pathophysiological settings, such as cancer, obesity, pain, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Alhouayek
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Julien Masquelier
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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15
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Fernandes V, Sharma D, Vaidya S, P A S, Guan Y, Kalia K, Tiwari V. Cellular and molecular mechanisms driving neuropathic pain: recent advancements and challenges. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:131-142. [PMID: 29285962 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1420781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current pharmacotherapeutics for neuropathic pain offer only symptomatic relief without treating the underlying pathophysiology. Additionally, they are associated with various dose-limiting side effects. Pain research in the past few decades has revolved around the role of oxidative-nitrosative stress, protein kinases, glial cell activation, and inflammatory signaling cascades but has failed to produce specific and effective therapies. Areas covered: This review focuses on recent advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuropathic pain that may be translated into future therapies. We discuss emerging targets such as WNT signaling mechanisms, the tetrahydrobiopterin pathway, Mrg receptors, endogenous lipid mediators, micro-RNAs and their roles in pain regulation. Recent evidence is also presented regarding genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of pain modulation. Expert opinion: During chronic neuropathic pain, maladaptation occurs in the peripheral and central nervous systems, including a shift in microglial phenotype from a surveillance state to an activated state. Microglial activation leads to an altered expression of cell surface proteins, growth factors, and intracellular signaling molecules that contribute to development of a neuroinflammatory cascade and chronic pain sensitization. Specific targeting of these cellular and molecular mechanisms may provide the key to development of effective neuropathic pain therapies that have minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valencia Fernandes
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Dilip Sharma
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Shivani Vaidya
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Shantanu P A
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Yun Guan
- b Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Kiran Kalia
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , India.,b Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
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16
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Arachidonic acid containing phosphatidylcholine increases due to microglial activation in ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn following spared sciatic nerve injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177595. [PMID: 28542572 PMCID: PMC5443509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury induces substantial molecular changes in the somatosensory system that leads to maladaptive plasticity and cause neuropathic pain. Understanding the molecular pathways responsible for the development of neuropathic pain is essential to the development of novel rationally designed therapeutics. Although lipids make up to half of the dry weight of the spinal cord, their relation with the development of neuropathic pain is poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate the regulation of spinal lipids in response to neuropathic peripheral nerve injury in mice by utilizing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry, which allows visualization of lipid distribution within the cord. We found that arachidonic acid (AA) containing [PC(diacyl-16:0/20:4)+K]+ was increased temporarily at superficial ipsilateral dorsal horn seven days after spared nerve injury (SNI). The spatiotemporal changes in lipid concentration resembled microglia activation as defined by ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) immunohistochemistry. Suppression of microglial function through minocycline administration resulted in attenuation of hypersensitivity and reduces [PC(diacyl-16:0/20:4)+K]+ elevation in the spinal dorsal horn. These data suggested that AA containing [PC(diacyl-16:0/20:4)+K]+ is related to hypersensitivity evoked by SNI and implicate microglial cell activation in this lipid production.
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17
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Carey LM, Gutierrez T, Deng L, Lee WH, Mackie K, Hohmann AG. Inflammatory and Neuropathic Nociception is Preserved in GPR55 Knockout Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:944. [PMID: 28428628 PMCID: PMC5430528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The G-protein coupled receptor GPR55 has been postulated to serve as a novel cannabinoid receptor. A previous report indicated that GPR55 knockout mice fail to develop mechanical hyperalgesia, suggesting a pro-nociceptive role for GPR55 in the control of nociceptive responding. However, GPR55 knockout mice remain incompletely characterized in models of pathological pain. Here we provide a comprehensive assessment of responses of GPR55 knockout and wild-type mice to mechanical and thermal (heat, cold) stimulation in multiple, mechanistically distinct models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Inflammatory sensitization was produced by intraplantar administration of capsaicin, formalin or complete Freund’s adjuvant. No differences in responding were detected between GPR55 knockout and wild-type mice in any model of inflammatory nociception assessed. Neuropathic pain was induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation (which induces hypersensitivity to mechanical, cold and heat stimulation) or by treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel (which induces hypersensitivity to mechanical and cold stimulation only). No differences were observed between GPR55 knockout and wild type mice in either development or maintenance of neuropathic nociception in either neuropathic pain model. In conclusion, genetic deletion of GPR55 did not alter the development of pathological pain in adult mice in any chronic pain model evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Carey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Tannia Gutierrez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Liting Deng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Wan-Hung Lee
- Interdisciplinary Biochemistry Program, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Interdisciplinary Biochemistry Program, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA. .,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA. .,Interdisciplinary Biochemistry Program, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA. .,Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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18
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Deliu E, Sperow M, Console-Bram L, Carter RL, Tilley DG, Kalamarides DJ, Kirby LG, Brailoiu GC, Brailoiu E, Benamar K, Abood ME. The Lysophosphatidylinositol Receptor GPR55 Modulates Pain Perception in the Periaqueductal Gray. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:265-72. [PMID: 25972448 PMCID: PMC4518086 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.099333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates the involvement of GPR55 and its proposed endogenous ligand, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), in nociception, yet their role in central pain processing has not been explored. Using Ca(2+) imaging, we show here that LPI elicits concentration-dependent and GPR55-mediated increases in intracellular Ca(2+) levels in dissociated rat periaqueductal gray (PAG) neurons, which express GPR55 mRNA. This effect is mediated by Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors and by Ca(2+) entry via P/Q-type of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. Moreover, LPI depolarizes PAG neurons and upon intra-PAG microinjection, reduces nociceptive threshold in the hot-plate test. Both these effects are dependent on GPR55 activation, because they are abolished by pretreatment with ML-193 [N-(4-(N-(3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-yl)sulfamoyl)-phenyl)-6,8-dimethyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinoline-4-carboxamide], a selective GPR55 antagonist. Thus, we provide the first pharmacological evidence that GPR55 activation at central levels is pronociceptive, suggesting that interfering with GPR55 signaling in the PAG may promote analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Deliu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Margaret Sperow
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Linda Console-Bram
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Rhonda L Carter
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Daniel J Kalamarides
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Lynn G Kirby
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - G Cristina Brailoiu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Eugen Brailoiu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Khalid Benamar
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Mary E Abood
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
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Lysophosphatidylinositol: a novel link between ABC transporters and G-protein-coupled receptors. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 42:1372-7. [PMID: 25233417 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) is a well-known bioactive lipid that is able to activate signalling cascades relevant to cell proliferation, migration, survival and tumorigenesis. Our previous work suggested that LPI is involved in cancer progression since it can be released in the medium of Ras-transformed fibroblasts and can function as an autocrine modulator of cell growth. Different research groups have established that LPI is the specific and functional ligand for G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) and that this GPR55-LPI axis is able to activate signalling cascades that are relevant for different cell functions. Work in our laboratory has recently unravelled an autocrine loop, by which LPI synthesized by cytosolic phospholipase A₂ (cPLA₂) is pumped out of the cell by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter C1 (ABCC1)/multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), initiating a signalling cascade downstream of GPR55. Our current work suggests that blockade of this pathway may represent a novel strategy to inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
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The serine protease inhibitor SerpinA3N attenuates neuropathic pain by inhibiting T cell-derived leukocyte elastase. Nat Med 2015; 21:518-23. [PMID: 25915831 PMCID: PMC4450999 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a major, intractable clinical problem and its pathophysiology is not well understood. Although recent gene expression profiling studies have enabled the identification of novel targets for pain therapy, classical study designs provide unclear results owing to the differential expression of hundreds of genes across sham and nerve-injured groups, which can be difficult to validate, particularly with respect to the specificity of pain modulation. To circumvent this, we used two outbred lines of rats, which are genetically similar except for being genetically segregated as a result of selective breeding for differences in neuropathic pain hypersensitivity. SerpinA3N, a serine protease inhibitor, was upregulated in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after nerve injury, which was further validated for its mouse homolog. Mice lacking SerpinA3N developed more neuropathic mechanical allodynia than wild-type (WT) mice, and exogenous delivery of SerpinA3N attenuated mechanical allodynia in WT mice. T lymphocytes infiltrate the DRG after nerve injury and release leukocyte elastase (LE), which was inhibited by SerpinA3N derived from DRG neurons. Genetic loss of LE or exogenous application of a LE inhibitor (Sivelastat) in WT mice attenuated neuropathic mechanical allodynia. Overall, we reveal a novel and clinically relevant role for a member of the serpin superfamily and a leukocyte elastase and crosstalk between neurons and T cells in the modulation of neuropathic pain.
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21
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Pieragostino D, D'Alessandro M, di Ioia M, Rossi C, Zucchelli M, Urbani A, Di Ilio C, Lugaresi A, Sacchetta P, Del Boccio P. An integrated metabolomics approach for the research of new cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of multiple sclerosis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:1563-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00700j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
(1) Lipid profiling in MuS and OND patients. (2) Search of alterations associated with MuS. (3) Characterization of differences.
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22
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23
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Peripheral gating of pain signals by endogenous lipid mediators. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17:164-74. [PMID: 24473264 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary sensory afferents and their neighboring host-defense cells are a rich source of lipid-derived mediators that contribute to the sensation of pain caused by tissue damage and inflammation. But an increasing number of lipid molecules have been shown to act in an opposite way, to suppress the inflammatory process, restore homeostasis in damaged tissues and attenuate pain sensitivity by regulating neural pathways that transmit nociceptive signals from the periphery of the body to the CNS. Here we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to the modulatory actions of lipid mediators in peripheral nociceptive signaling.
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