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Barrios-de Pedro S, Osuna A, Buscalioni ÁD. Helminth eggs from early cretaceous faeces. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18747. [PMID: 33127992 PMCID: PMC7599231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The exceptional fossil site of Las Hoyas (upper Barremian, Cuenca, Spain) yields abundant small to medium vertebrate coprolites, hindering the search for parasites. We studied the contents of 29 coprolites that were previously classified into distinct morphotypes. Several parasitic eggs were retrieved from two of these coprolites, confirming the second record of digenea trematode eggs and nematode (ascaridid) eggs from an Early Cretaceous locality. The cylindrical coprolite containing anisakid eggs was likely produced by a crocodylomorph as the parasite host, whereas the bump-headed lace coprolite indicates the role of a fish as an intermediary or definitive host of the trematodes and ascaridids. These trace and body fossils show that the Las Hoyas 126-129 Ma lacustrine ecosystem documents the early connection between basal Gonorynchiformes fish and digenetic trematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Barrios-de Pedro
- Unidad de Paleontología and Centro para la Integración en Paleobiología (CIPb), Departamento de Biología, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Osuna
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología, Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángela D Buscalioni
- Unidad de Paleontología and Centro para la Integración en Paleobiología (CIPb), Departamento de Biología, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Nak-On S, Chontananarth T. Rumen fluke, Fischoederius elongatus (Trematoda: Gastrothylacidae): Preliminary investigation of suitable conditions for egg hatching. Vet Parasitol 2020; 282:109135. [PMID: 32470871 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Various temperatures may have different effects on the distribution of paramphistomes that cause amphistomosis in cattle, including Fischoederius elongatus. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different temperature treatments on F. elongatus hatching, with specific identification using morphological, histological, and phylogenetic analysis. All specimens were collected from two buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) rumens in a slaughterhouse in Pathum Thani province, Thailand. F. elongatus adults were kept in phosphate buffered saline solution for egg collection. The egg specimens were incubated in tap water under four different temperature conditions: 4 °C, room temperature, 35 °C, and 55 °C. For 31 days, egg specimens of approximately 50 eggs per observation were randomly classified into three stages (undeveloped, developing (or pre-hatching), and hatched). To test the change of temperature, cold water was used for thermal shocking the egg specimens. The results indicated that rates of egg development and hatching were highest at 35 °C and significantly higher than in the other treatments (P < 0.001). In addition, statistical investigation of pre-thermal shock results also suggesting that 35 ºC may be a suitable condition for hatching F. elongatus eggs and could enhance the developing and hatching by longer periods of incubation for more than 26 days. Even changing the temperature could affect development and hatching but initial environment temperature remains an important factor. These data could be used for efficient epidemiological prediction of F. elongatus and applied in livestock management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirapat Nak-On
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Thapana Chontananarth
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Animal, Plant and Parasite Biotechnology, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
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Choi JH, Park SK, Park MK, Kang SA, Lee D, Song SM, Kim HJ, Park SH, Kim EM, Yu HS. An advanced protocol for the purification of whipworm eggs from feces for use as therapeutic agents. Parasitol Int 2019; 70:41-45. [PMID: 30716463 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have attempted to treat autoimmune diseases using Trichuris suis. whipworm) eggs. Large quantities of eggs can be obtained efficiently by collecting from the feces of the porcine hosts rather than by extracting from the female worm uterus. However, it is difficult to process large amounts of feces using the current methods. In the present study, we propose a method to collect the eggs from bulk feces more efficiently. Collecting the eggs using washing meshes (25 μm sieve) yields 65.7% (56.0-70.7) of eggs (median, min-max) from 100 g feces. Our method, which uses ethyl acetate and simulated gastric fluid, yielded 91.4% (91.4-94.0) of the eggs from 100 g feces into the separated aqueous solution. Egg collection using simulated gastric fluid (SGF) method was also 60 min faster than that using the sieve method. As the SGF used in the experiment is a strongly acidic reagent with a pH of 1-2, embryonation of the eggs was induced by the rapid pH change. As a result, 37.1% (8.0-77.8) of the eggs had embryonated two months after SGF stimulation. Using the developed method, we could process the feces quickly and efficiently. Furthermore, after purification, egg embryonation could be induced without any harmful reagent treatment. This method is expected to be helpful for further research using Trichuris suis eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Choi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyun Park
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ae Kang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Republic of Korea
| | - Dain Lee
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Republic of Korea
| | - So Myong Song
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Park
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Min Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Research Bank, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Republic of Korea.
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