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Chen Q, Li J, Wang Z, Meng W, Wang H, Wang Z. A fluorescence-based assay for Trichomonas vaginalis drug screening. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:329. [PMID: 37723582 PMCID: PMC10507874 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence and spread of drug resistance in Trichomonas vaginalis parasites has become an important concern in trichomoniasis treatment. Fast and reliable growth assessment is critical for validating in vitro drug susceptibility and high-throughput screening of newly developed drugs. METHODS Modified media without yeast extract were evaluated for their ability to support the growth of T. vaginalis parasites. The potential of the nucleic acid-binding dye SYBR Green I for detecting T. vaginalis drug resistance was characterized, and seeding parasite concentration and incubation time were optimized. The fluorescence assay based on SYBR Green I was further validated in four T. vaginalis isolates with different susceptibilities to the antibiotics metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole and secnidazole, and compared with the traditional method that detects minimum lethal concentrations (MLCs). RESULTS A modified medium consisting of RPMI 1640 and Tryptone Plus as replacements for yeast extract and tryptone, respectively, in traditional trypticase-yeast extract-maltose (TYM) medium exhibited similar performance as TYM medium in maintaining T. vaginalis growth, while it showed much lower background fluorescent signals. The T. vaginalis SYBR Green I-based fluorescence (TSF) drug assay was found to have to satisfy one of two conditions to demonstrate the 50% inhibitory concentration of metronidazole for the sensitive isolate TV-334: (i) a seeding density of 3 × 104 parasites/ml and an incubation time of 48 h; or (ii) a seeding density of 1 × 104 parasites/ml and an incubation time of 72 h. Subsequent validation experiments revealed that the 48-h incubation/3 × 104 parasites/ml seeding density condition had a greater sensitivity to detect drug resistance than the 72-h condition. The TSF assay also exhibited high efficiency in identifying parasite drug resistance, as evidenced by its strong correlation with the standard MLC assay results (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS This study presents a robust TSF assay that has the potential to facilitate high-throughput, automated in vitro anti-trichomoniasis susceptibility testing for drug resistance monitoring and drug development. In comparison to the standard MLC method, this assay offers the advantages of reduced labor and elimination of subjective examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhong Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Prevention and Control, Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 21# Linkuo North Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa, 850000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhensheng Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Meng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenglei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou M, Xie J, Kawase O, Nishikawa Y, Ji S, Zhu S, Cao S, Xuan X. Characterization of anti-erythrocyte and anti-platelet antibodies in hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia induced by Plasmodium spp. and Babesiaspp. infection in mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1143138. [PMID: 37124034 PMCID: PMC10140361 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1143138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Malaria and Babesiosis are acute zoonotic disease that caused by infection with the parasite in the phylum Apicomplexa. Severe anemia and thrombocytopenia are the most common hematological complication of malaria and babesiosis. However, the mechanisms involved have not been elucidated, and only a few researches focus on the possible role of anti-erythrocyte and anti-platelet antibodies. Methods In this study, the Plasmodium yoelii, P. chabaudi, Babesia microti and B. rodhaini infected SCID and ICR mice. The parasitemia, survival rate, platelet count, anti-platelet antibodies, and the level of IFN-γ and interleukin (IL) -10 was tested after infection. Furthermore, the P. yoelii, P. chabaudi, B. rodhaini and B. microti infected ICR mice were treated with artesunate and diminaze, the development of the anti-erythrocyte and anti-platelet antibodies in chronic stage were examined. At last, the murine red blood cell and platelet membrane proteins probed with auto-antibodies induced by P. yoelii, P. chabaudi, B. rodhaini, and B. microti infection were characterized by proteomic analysis. Results and discussion The high anti-platelet and anti-erythrocyte antibodies were detected in ICR mice after P. yoelii, P. chabaudi, B. rodhaini, and B. microti infection. Actin of murine erythrocyte and platelet is a common auto-antigen in Plasmodium and Babesia spp. infected mice. Our findings indicate that anti-erythrocyte and anti-platelet autoantibodies contribute to thrombocytopenia and anemia associated with Plasmodium spp. and Babesia spp. infection. This study will help to understand the mechanisms of malaria and babesiosis-related thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhou
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, China
| | - Osamu Kawase
- Department of Biology, Premedical Sciences, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shengwei Ji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shanyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, China
| | - Shinuo Cao
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shinuo Cao, ; Xuenan Xuan,
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shinuo Cao, ; Xuenan Xuan,
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Zhai X, Li L, Zhang P, Guo Y, Jiang H, He W, Li Y, Zhang B, Yao D. Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effects of Six Natural Product Extracts against Babesia gibsoni in Vitro and in Vivo. J Parasitol 2022; 108:301-305. [DOI: 10.1645/21-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Zhai
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Lingxu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Peihao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Huaide Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Weihua He
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Dawei Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
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