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Jiao F, Meng L, Du K, Li X. The autophagy-lysosome pathway: a potential target in the chemical and gene therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:139-158. [PMID: 38767483 PMCID: PMC11246151 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease with movement disorders associated with the intracytoplasmic deposition of aggregate proteins such as α-synuclein in neurons. As one of the major intracellular degradation pathways, the autophagy-lysosome pathway plays an important role in eliminating these proteins. Accumulating evidence has shown that upregulation of the autophagy-lysosome pathway may contribute to the clearance of α-synuclein aggregates and protect against degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Moreover, multiple genes associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease are intimately linked to alterations in the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Thus, this pathway appears to be a promising therapeutic target for treatment of Parkinson's disease. In this review, we briefly introduce the machinery of autophagy. Then, we provide a description of the effects of Parkinson's disease-related genes on the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Finally, we highlight the potential chemical and genetic therapeutic strategies targeting the autophagy-lysosome pathway and their applications in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Jiao
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lingyan Meng
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kang Du
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
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2
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Tyczyńska M, Gędek M, Brachet A, Stręk W, Flieger J, Teresiński G, Baj J. Trace Elements in Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia: The Current State of Knowledge. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2381. [PMID: 38673657 PMCID: PMC11050856 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in trace element concentrations are being wildly considered when it comes to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This study aims to present the role that trace elements play in the central nervous system. Moreover, we reviewed the mechanisms involved in their neurotoxicity. Low zinc concentrations, as well as high levels of copper, manganese, and iron, activate the signalling pathways of the inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress response. Neurodegeneration occurs due to the association between metals and proteins, which is then followed by aggregate formation, mitochondrial disorder, and, ultimately, cell death. In Alzheimer's disease, low Zn levels suppress the neurotoxicity induced by β-amyloid through the selective precipitation of aggregation intermediates. High concentrations of copper, iron and manganese cause the aggregation of intracellular α-synuclein, which results in synaptic dysfunction and axonal transport disruption. Parkinson's disease is caused by the accumulation of Fe in the midbrain dopaminergic nucleus, and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis derives from Zn deficiency, leading to an imbalance between T cell functions. Aluminium disturbs the homeostasis of other metals through a rise in the production of oxygen reactive forms, which then leads to cellular death. Selenium, in association with iron, plays a distinct role in the process of ferroptosis. Outlining the influence that metals have on oxidoreduction processes is crucial to recognising the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and may provide possible new methods for both their avoidance and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Tyczyńska
- Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.T.); (W.S.)
| | - Marta Gędek
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.G.); (A.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Adam Brachet
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.G.); (A.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Wojciech Stręk
- Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.T.); (W.S.)
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.G.); (A.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.T.); (W.S.)
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Onder H, Comoglu S. A Rare Patient with Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis with Parkinsonism. Asian J Neurosurg 2023; 18:216-218. [PMID: 37056881 PMCID: PMC10089727 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1764117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractHerein, we present a rare patient with hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP) in whom significant parkinsonism was involved in the clinic. Besides, the dopamine transport single-photon emission computed tomography scan also showed decreased tracer uptake in the bilateral striatum. Via the presentation of this patient, we discuss the parkinsonian findings in patients with HSP. We think that the observations of dopaminergic neuron vulnerability in HSP patients raise the possibility that degeneration of central dopaminergic neurons may contribute to the phenotype of HSP. The documentation of these rare variants will aid to understand the unknown pathophysiology of the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Onder
- Neurology Clinic, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Comoglu
- Neurology Clinic, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Salles PA, Liao J, Shuaib U, Mata IF, Fernandez HH. A Review on Response to Device-Aided Therapies Used in Monogenic Parkinsonism and GBA Variants Carriers: A Need for Guidelines and Comparative Studies. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1703-1725. [PMID: 35662127 PMCID: PMC9535575 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is in some cases predisposed-or-caused by genetic variants, contributing to the expression of different phenotypes. Regardless of etiology, as the disease progresses, motor fluctuations and/or levodopa-induced dyskinesias limit the benefit of pharmacotherapy. Device-aided therapies are good alternatives in advanced disease, including deep brain stimulation (DBS), levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel, and continuous subcutaneous infusion of apomorphine. Candidate selection and timing are critical for the success of such therapies. Genetic screening in DBS cohorts has shown a higher proportion of mutation carriers than in general cohorts, suggesting that genetic factors may influence candidacy for advanced therapies. The response of monogenic PD to device therapies is not well established, and the contribution of genetic information to decision-making is still a matter of debate. The limited evidence regarding gene-dependent response to device-aided therapies is reviewed here. An accurate understanding of the adequacy and responses of different mutation carriers to device-aided therapies requires the development of specific studies with long-term monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe A Salles
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Centro de Trastornos del Movimiento, CETRAM, Santiago, Chile
| | - James Liao
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Umar Shuaib
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ignacio F Mata
- Lerner Research Institute, Genomic Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hubert H Fernandez
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
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5
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Nicita F, Travaglini L, Bombelli F, Tosi M, Pro S, Bertini E, D'Amico A. Novel SEPSECS Pathogenic Variants Featuring Unusual Phenotype of Complex Movement Disorder With Thin Corpus Callosum: A Case Report. Neurol Genet 2022; 8:e661. [PMID: 35252561 PMCID: PMC8893591 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To report a novel association between pathogenic variants in the SEPSECS gene and complex movement disorder with thin corpus callosum (TCC). Methods Clinical exome sequencing was performed in an adult patient with a genetically unsolved neurodegenerative disorder. The main clinical, neuroimaging, and genetic data were described. Results The c.865C > T (p.P289S) and c.1297T > C (p.Y433H) missense variants in SEPSECS (NM_016,955.3) were discovered. Discussion This case represents a novel form of early-onset pyramidal syndrome with optic nerve hypoplasia, which slowly evolved to extrapyramidal syndrome featuring dystonia-parkinsonism, associated with TCC, caused by SEPSECS pathogenic variants. This form enlarges the group of the so-called pyramidal-extrapyramidal syndromes, as well as complex hereditary spastic paraparesis with TCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nicita
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (N.D.F., L.T., M.T., E.B., A.D.A.), Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS; Studio Neurologico Laterano (F.B.); and Neurophysiology Unit (S.P.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorena Travaglini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (N.D.F., L.T., M.T., E.B., A.D.A.), Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS; Studio Neurologico Laterano (F.B.); and Neurophysiology Unit (S.P.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Bombelli
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (N.D.F., L.T., M.T., E.B., A.D.A.), Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS; Studio Neurologico Laterano (F.B.); and Neurophysiology Unit (S.P.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Tosi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (N.D.F., L.T., M.T., E.B., A.D.A.), Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS; Studio Neurologico Laterano (F.B.); and Neurophysiology Unit (S.P.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Pro
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (N.D.F., L.T., M.T., E.B., A.D.A.), Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS; Studio Neurologico Laterano (F.B.); and Neurophysiology Unit (S.P.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (N.D.F., L.T., M.T., E.B., A.D.A.), Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS; Studio Neurologico Laterano (F.B.); and Neurophysiology Unit (S.P.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Adele D'Amico
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (N.D.F., L.T., M.T., E.B., A.D.A.), Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS; Studio Neurologico Laterano (F.B.); and Neurophysiology Unit (S.P.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Salles PA, Mata IF, Fernandez HH. Should we start integrating genetic data in decision-making on device-aided therapies in Parkinson disease? A point of view. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 88:51-57. [PMID: 34119931 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a complex heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder. Association studies have revealed numerous genetic risk loci and variants, and about 5-10% suffer from a monogenic form. Because the presentation and course of PD is unique to each patient, personalized symptomatic treatment should ideally be offered to treat the most disabling motor and non-motor symptoms. Indeed, clinical milestones and treatment complications that appear during disease progression are influenced by the genetic imprint. With recent advances in PD, more patients live longer to become eligible for device-aided therapies, such as apomorphine continuous subcutaneous infusion, levodopa duodenal gel infusion, and deep brain stimulation surgery, each with its own inclusion and exclusion criteria, advantages and disadvantages. Because genetic variants influence the expression of particular clinical profiles, factors for better or worse outcomes for device-aided therapies may then be proactively identified. For example, mutations in PRKN, LRRK2 and GBA express phenotypes that favor suitability for different device therapies, although with marked differences in the therapeutic window; whereas multiplications of SNCA express phenotypes that make them less desirable for device therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe A Salles
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, OH, USA; Movement Disorders Center, CETRAM, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ignacio F Mata
- Lerner Research Institute, Genomic Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Hubert H Fernandez
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, OH, USA.
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Pozner T, Regensburger M, Engelhorn T, Winkler J, Winner B. Janus-faced spatacsin (SPG11): involvement in neurodevelopment and multisystem neurodegeneration. Brain 2020; 143:2369-2379. [PMID: 32355960 PMCID: PMC7447516 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a heterogeneous group of rare motor neuron disorders characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs. HSP type 11 (SPG11-HSP) is linked to pathogenic variants in the SPG11 gene and it represents the most frequent form of complex autosomal recessive HSP. The majority of SPG11-HSP patients exhibit additional neurological symptoms such as cognitive decline, thin corpus callosum, and peripheral neuropathy. Yet, the mechanisms of SPG11-linked spectrum diseases are largely unknown. Recent findings indicate that spatacsin, the 280 kDa protein encoded by SPG11, may impact the autophagy-lysosomal machinery. In this update, we summarize the current knowledge of SPG11-HSP. In addition to clinical symptoms and differential diagnosis, our work aims to link the different clinical manifestations with the respective structural abnormalities and cellular in vitro phenotypes. Moreover, we describe the impact of localization and function of spatacsin in different neuronal systems. Ultimately, we propose a model in which spatacsin bridges between neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative phenotypes of SPG11-linked disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Pozner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Regensburger
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Molecular Neurology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Engelhorn
- Department of Neuroradiology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Center of Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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8
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Correa-Vela M, Lupo V, Montpeyó M, Sancho P, Marcé-Grau A, Hernández-Vara J, Darling A, Jenkins A, Fernández-Rodríguez S, Tello C, Ramírez-Jiménez L, Pérez B, Sánchez-Montáñez Á, Macaya A, Sobrido MJ, Martinez-Vicente M, Pérez-Dueñas B, Espinós C. Impaired proteasome activity and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation in FBXO7 defect. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1436-1442. [PMID: 32767480 PMCID: PMC7448169 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
FBXO7 is implicated in the ubiquitin-proteasome system and parkin-mediated mitophagy. FBXO7defects cause a levodopa-responsive parkinsonian-pyramidal syndrome(PPS). METHODS We investigated the disease molecular bases in a child with PPS and brain iron accumulation. RESULTS A novel homozygous c.368C>G (p.S123*) FBXO7 mutation was identified in a child with spastic paraplegia, epilepsy, cerebellar degeneration, levodopa nonresponsive parkinsonism, and brain iron deposition. Patient's fibroblasts assays demonstrated an absence of FBXO7 RNA expression leading to impaired proteasome degradation and accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins. CONCLUSION This novel FBXO7 phenotype associated with impaired proteasome activity overlaps with neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Correa-Vela
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d´Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Lupo
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.,Joint Units INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Montpeyó
- Neurodegenerative diseases-CIBERNED, Vall d´Hebron, Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Sancho
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.,Joint Units INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Marcé-Grau
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d´Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alejandra Darling
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alison Jenkins
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Fernández-Rodríguez
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Tello
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Ramírez-Jiménez
- Unit of Genomics and Traslational Genetics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo-Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBER on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Sánchez-Montáñez
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Macaya
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d´Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Sobrido
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, and CIBER on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Belén Pérez-Dueñas
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d´Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.,Joint Units INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
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9
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How to approach a patient with parkinsonism - red flags for atypical parkinsonism. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 149:1-34. [PMID: 31779810 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome defined by bradykinesia plus rigidity or tremor. Though most commonly encountered in the setting of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, a number of neurodegenerative, structural, metabolic and toxic neurological disorders can result in parkinsonism. Accurately diagnosing the underlying cause of parkinsonism is of both therapeutic and prognostic relevance, especially as we enter the era of disease-modifying treatment trials for neurodegenerative disorders. Being aware of the wide array of potential causes of parkinsonism is of paramount importance for clinicians. In this chapter, we present a pragmatic clinical approach to patients with parkinsonism, specifically focusing on 'red flags', which should alert one to consider diagnoses other than idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
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10
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Morales-Briceño H, Fung VSC. Is Pallido-Pyramidal Syndrome Still a Useful Concept? No. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019; 7:27-29. [PMID: 31970207 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Morales-Briceño
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department Westmead Hospital Sydney Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Victor S C Fung
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department Westmead Hospital Sydney Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney Sydney Australia
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11
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Tranchant C. Is Pallido-Pyramidal Syndrome Still a Useful Concept? Yes. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019; 7:25-26. [PMID: 31970206 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Tranchant
- Neurological Department University Hospital Strasbourg Cedex France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France.,Institut of Genetic and of Molecular and Cellular Biology Illkirch France
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12
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Niemann N, Jankovic J. Juvenile parkinsonism: Differential diagnosis, genetics, and treatment. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 67:74-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Zhou ZD, Lee JCT, Tan EK. Pathophysiological mechanisms linking F-box only protein 7 (FBXO7) and Parkinson's disease (PD). MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 778:72-78. [PMID: 30454685 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of F-box only protein 7 (FBXO7) gene are associated with a severe form of autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson's disease (PD) (PARK15) with clinical features of Parkinsonian-Pyramidal syndrome (PPS). FBXO7 is an adaptor protein in SCFFBXO7 ubiquitin E3 ligase complex that recognizes and mediates degradative or non-degradative ubiquitination of substrates. The FBXO7 protein can regulate cell cycle, proliferation, mitochondrial and proteasome functions via interactions with multiple target proteins. Five PARK15-linked FBXO7 gene mutations and several PD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been identified so far. WT FBXO7 proteins possess dual protective and deleterious functions, whereas PARK15-linked FBXO7 mutants are toxic. FBXO7 is a stress response protein and stress challenges can promote translocation of FBXO7 protein from nucleus into mitochondria and even form deleterious protein aggregate in mitochondria. FBXO7 mutants aggravate protein aggregation in mitochondria and inhibit mitophagy. The pathological mechanisms concerning FBXO7-relevant protein aggregation, mitochondria impairment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitophagy modulation in PARK15 pathogenesis are highlighted and discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Dong Zhou
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore; Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Ji Chao Tristan Lee
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore.
| | - Eng King Tan
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore; Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, 169608, Singapore; Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore.
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14
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Rossi M, Balint B, Millar Vernetti P, Bhatia KP, Merello M. Genetic Dystonia-ataxia Syndromes: Clinical Spectrum, Diagnostic Approach, and Treatment Options. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2018; 5:373-382. [PMID: 30363394 PMCID: PMC6174447 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dystonia and ataxia are manifestations of numerous disorders, and indeed, an ever-expanding spectrum of genes causing diseases that encompass dystonia and ataxia are discovered with the advances of genetic techniques. In recent years, a pathophysiological link between both clinical features and the role of the cerebellum in the genesis of dystonia, in some cases, has been proposed. In clinical practice, the genetic diagnosis of dystonia-ataxia syndromes is a major issue for genetic counseling, prognosis and, occasionally, specific treatment. METHODS For this pragmatic and educational review, we conducted a comprehensive and structured literature search in Pubmed, OMIM, and GeneReviews using the key words "dystonia" and "ataxia" to identify those genetic diseases that may combine dystonia with ataxia. RESULTS There are a plethora of genetic diseases causing dystonia and ataxia. We propose a series of clinico-radiological algorithms to guide their differential diagnosis depending on the age of onset, additional neurological or systemic features, and imaging findings. We suggest a sequential diagnostic approach to dystonia-ataxia syndromes. We briefly highlight the pathophysiological links between dystonia and ataxia and conclude with a review of specific treatment implications. CONCLUSIONS The clinical approach presented in this review is intended to improve the diagnostic success of clinicians when faced with patients with dystonia-ataxia syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malco Rossi
- Movement Disorders Section, Neuroscience DepartmentRaul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Bettina Balint
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen SquareLondonWC1N3BGUK
- Department of NeurologyUniversity HospitalHeidelbergGermany
- Neuroimmunology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Patricio Millar Vernetti
- Movement Disorders Section, Neuroscience DepartmentRaul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Kailash P. Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen SquareLondonWC1N3BGUK
| | - Marcelo Merello
- Movement Disorders Section, Neuroscience DepartmentRaul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI)Buenos AiresArgentina
- Argentine National Scientific and Technological Research Council (CONICET)
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Rohani M, Lang AE, Sina F, Elahi E, Fasano A, Hardy J, Bras J, Alavi A. Action Myoclonus and Seizure in Kufor-Rakeb Syndrome. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2017; 5:195-199. [PMID: 30868101 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kufor-Rakeb syndrome (KRS) is a rare autosomal recessive neurologic disease with diverse phenotypic features. Herein we report an Iranian KRS family with seizure and action myoclonus in addition to other typical manifestations of this syndrome. Method All family members underwent careful neurologic examination. Exome sequencing was performed and ATP13A2 variation genotyped in all family members. Results Cognitive deficits, hypokinesia, rigidity, spasticity, brisk deep tendon reflexes, upward gaze palsy, tremor, and facial-faucial-finger mini-myoclonus were the common manifestations of all affected siblings. Two cases had seizure and the most severely affected sibling demonstrated severe action myoclonus. Exome sequencing identified a homozygous nonsense mutation c.2455C>T;p.Arg819* in ATP13A2 gene. Conclusions We reported five KRS affected siblings who manifested myoclonus and seizure. The most severely affected one demonstrated action myoclonus, which has not been reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rohani
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease Toronto Western Hospital and Division of Neurology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.,Department of Neurology Hazrat Rasool Hospital Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease Toronto Western Hospital and Division of Neurology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.,Krembil Research Institute Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Farzad Sina
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease Toronto Western Hospital and Division of Neurology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Elahe Elahi
- School of Biology College of Science University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease Toronto Western Hospital and Division of Neurology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.,Krembil Research Institute Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - John Hardy
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Molecular Neuroscience Institute of Neurology University College London Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Jose Bras
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Molecular Neuroscience Institute of Neurology University College London Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Afagh Alavi
- Genetics research center University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences Tehran Iran
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