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Mônaco Gama S, Gerdulli Tamanini JV, Oliveira JB, Tonholo Silva TY, Barsottini OGP, Pedroso JL. Hereditary Truncal Dystonia Associated with ANO3 Gene Variant. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2025; 12:530-532. [PMID: 39692086 PMCID: PMC11998680 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Mônaco Gama
- Department of NeurologyUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | - José Luiz Pedroso
- Department of NeurologyUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
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Kunzelmann K, Ousingsawat J, Schreiber R. VSI: The anoctamins: Structure and function: "Intracellular" anoctamins. Cell Calcium 2024; 120:102888. [PMID: 38657371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Plasma membrane localized anoctamin 1, 2 and 6 (TMEM16A, B, F) have been examined in great detail with respect to structure and function, but much less is known about the other seven intracellular members of this exciting family of proteins. This is probably due to their limited accessibility in intracellular membranous compartments, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or endosomes. However, these so-called intracellular anoctamins are also found in the plasma membrane (PM) which adds to the confusion regarding their cellular role. Probably all intracellular anoctamins except of ANO8 operate as intracellular phospholipid (PL) scramblases, allowing for Ca2+-activated, passive transport of phospholipids like phosphatidylserine between both membrane leaflets. Probably all of them also conduct ions, which is probably part of their physiological function. In this brief overview, we summarize key findings on the biological functions of ANO3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10 (TMEM16C, D, E, G, H, J, K) that are gradually coming to light. Compartmentalized regulation of intracellular Ca2+ signals, tethering of the ER to specific PM contact sites, and control of intracellular vesicular trafficking appear to be some of the functions of intracellular anoctamins, while loss of function and abnormal expression are the cause for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Percetti M, Zini M, Soliveri P, Cogiamanian F, Ferrara M, Orunesu E, Ranghetti A, Ferrarese C, Pezzoli G, Garavaglia B, Isaias IU, Sacilotto G. The Clinical Spectrum of ANO3-Report of a New Family and Literature Review. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2024; 11:289-297. [PMID: 38284143 PMCID: PMC10928356 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in ANO3 are a rare cause of autosomal dominant isolated or combined dystonia, mainly presenting in adulthood. CASES We extensively characterize a new, large ANO3 family with six affected carriers. The proband is a young girl who had suffered from tremor and painful dystonic movements in her right arm since the age of 11 years. She later developed a diffuse dystonic tremor and mild extrapyramidal signs (ie, rigidity and hypodiadochokinesis) in her right arm. She also suffered from psychomotor delay and learning difficulties. Repeated structural and functional neuroimaging were unremarkable. A dystonic tremor was also present in her two sisters. Her paternal aunt, father, and a third older sister presented episodic postural tremor in the arms. The father and one sister also presented learning difficulties. The heterozygous p.G6V variant in ANO3 was identified in all affected subjects. LITERATURE REVIEW Stratification by age at onset divided ANO3 cases into two major groups, where younger patients displayed a more severe phenotype, probably due to variants near the scrambling domain. CONCLUSIONS We describe the phenotype of a new ANO3 family and highlight the need for functional studies to explore the impact of ANO3 variants on its phospholipid scrambling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Percetti
- Parkinson Institute, ASST G. Pini‐CTOMilanItaly
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Milan‐BicoccaMilanItaly
- Foundation IRCCS San Gerardo dei TintoriMonzaItaly
| | | | | | - Filippo Cogiamanian
- Neurophysiopathology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | | | - Eva Orunesu
- Nuclear Medicine DepartmentFoundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | | | - Carlo Ferrarese
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Milan‐BicoccaMilanItaly
- Foundation IRCCS San Gerardo dei TintoriMonzaItaly
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, ASST G. Pini‐CTOMilanItaly
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di ParkinsonMilanItaly
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, National Neurological Institute Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| | - Ioannis Ugo Isaias
- Parkinson Institute, ASST G. Pini‐CTOMilanItaly
- University Hospital of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
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Romito LM, Leta V, Garavaglia B, Panteghini C, Zorzi G, Elia AE, Colucci F, Carecchio M, Eleopra R. ANO3 as a Cause of Early-Onset Chorea Combined with Dystonia: Illustration of Phenotypic Evolution. Mov Disord 2024; 39:220-221. [PMID: 38073131 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi M Romito
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Leta
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
- Parkinson's Centre of Excellence at King's College Hospital and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Celeste Panteghini
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zorzi
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio E Elia
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiana Colucci
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Eleopra
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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Saft C, Burgunder JM, Dose M, Jung HH, Katzenschlager R, Priller J, Nguyen HP, Reetz K, Reilmann R, Seppi K, Landwehrmeyer GB. Differential diagnosis of chorea (guidelines of the German Neurological Society). Neurol Res Pract 2023; 5:63. [PMID: 37993913 PMCID: PMC10666412 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-023-00292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Choreiform movement disorders are characterized by involuntary, rapid, irregular, and unpredictable movements of the limbs, face, neck, and trunk. These movements often initially go unnoticed by the affected individuals and may blend together with seemingly intended, random motions. Choreiform movements can occur both at rest and during voluntary movements. They typically increase in intensity with stress and physical activity and essentially cease during deep sleep stages. In particularly in advanced stages of Huntington disease (HD), choreiform hyperkinesia occurs alongside with dystonic postures of the limbs or trunk before they typically decrease in intensity. The differential diagnosis of HD can be complex. Here, the authors aim to provide guidance for the diagnostic process. This guidance was prepared for the German Neurological Society (DGN) for German-speaking countries. RECOMMENDATIONS Hereditary (inherited) and non-hereditary (non-inherited) forms of chorea can be distinguished. Therefore, the family history is crucial. However, even in conditions with autosomal-dominant transmission such as HD, unremarkable family histories do not necessarily rule out a hereditary form (e.g., in cases of early deceased or unknown parents, uncertainties in familial relationships, as well as in offspring of parents with CAG repeats in the expandable range (27-35 CAG repeats) which may display expansions into the pathogenic range). CONCLUSIONS The differential diagnosis of chorea can be challenging. This guidance prepared for the German Neurological Society (DGN) reflects the state of the art as of 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Saft
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Huntington-Zentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Jean-Marc Burgunder
- Department of Neurology, Schweizerisches Huntington-Zentrum, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Dose
- Kbo-Isar-Amper-Klinikum Taufkirchen/München-Ost, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Heinrich Jung
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regina Katzenschlager
- Department of Neurology, Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Klinik Donaustadt, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Human Genetics, Huntington-Zentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of Neurology, Euregional Huntington Centre Aachen, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Reilmann
- George-Huntington-Institute, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Radiology, Universitaetsklinikum Muenster (UKM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Esposito M, Trinchillo A, Piceci-Sparascio F, D'Asdia MC, Consoli F, De Luca A. A novel ANO3 variant in two siblings with different phenotypes. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 111:105413. [PMID: 37116293 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dystonia type 24 is due to the mutation of the ANO3 gene. It generally consists of craniocervical dystonia associated with tremor; however, other neurological manifestations may also occur. Scientific literature has been expanding on its phenotype over the past few years. CASE Here we present two siblings affected by dystonia 24 associated to a novel missense mutation of the ANO3 gene. Description of their phenotype, with regard to motor and non-motor features, may improve the knowledge on DYT 24. Consistent with previous reports, our patients presented with cranio-cervical involvement, and they also exhibited different severity and phenotypes. However non-motor symptoms were present too. CONCLUSION Dystonia 24 spectrum is continuously expanding. This case suggests that the ANO3 missense mutation should be sought in all cases of dystonia and isolated tremor and that non-motor symptoms are an integral part of dystonic syndromes. It also shows that clinical and treatment features may vary from patient to patient, even if they may present the same mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Assunta Trinchillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesca Piceci-Sparascio
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia D'Asdia
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Federica Consoli
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Santens P, Bruggeman A, Schuermans N, Verdin H, Dermaut B. Marked hypotonia: An additional feature of ANO3-related movement disorder. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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