Pediatric Cystic Lung Lesions: Where Are We Now?

Pneumatoceles or Not? Case Reports on Pulmonary Cystic Lesions in Infants

Pulmonary cystic lesions in infants are uncommon and can present diagnostic challenges due to overlapping radiologic features with other cystic lung conditions. We present 2 cases of left lung cystic lesions in infants. Initial high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) suggested differential diagnoses, including pneumatocele, type I congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), or a solitary cystic lymphangioma. Definitive diagnosis was achieved through histopathological examination after left lower lobectomy and resection of the lesion. These cases highlight the challenges in accurately diagnosing pulmonary cystic lesions, given the limitations of imaging alone.

Case Report: Prenatal and Postnatal Management for Fetal Bronchogenic Cysts During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: A fetal bronchogenic cyst (BC) is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of 0.147-0.238‰. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as a particular situation, hindered pregnant women from receiving periodic prenatal checkups. Case Description: Until 34⁺⁶ weeks of gestation, a fetal case of the intrathoracic cyst was found by ultrasound examination. Further, MRI examination confirmed the diagnosis of the congenital mediastinal cystic lesion, probably a BC. Genetic testing was not conducted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. At 38⁺⁵ weeks of gestation with maternal COVID-19 testing negative, a live girl was delivered by cesarean section. Five months later, the child underwent bronchocystectomy, and the postoperative pathological lesions confirmed a (right upper mediastinum) BC. Conclusion: Herein, we reported the prenatal and postnatal management for a rare case of the congenital BC by multidisciplinary approaches during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fetal MRI and screening for fetal chromosomal abnormalities are especially recommended. This case contributes to the awareness that the COVID-19 pandemic interferes with regular follow-up schedules during pregnancy and may interfere with timely performed additional tests; which leads to more accurate genetic counseling. A combination of multidisciplinary approaches, including radiology, infection control, genetic counseling, obstetrics, and pediatric surgery, is pivotal for managing fetal BC during the COVID-19 pandemic.