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Thomas M, Greaves RF, Tingay DG, Loh TP, Ignjatovic V, Newall F, Oeum M, Tran MTC, Rajapaksa AE. Current and emerging technologies for the timely screening and diagnosis of neonatal jaundice. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2022; 59:332-352. [PMID: 35188857 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2038074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common clinical conditions affecting newborns. For most newborns, jaundice is harmless, however, a proportion of newborns develops severe neonatal jaundice requiring therapeutic interventions, accentuating the need to have reliable and accurate screening tools for timely recognition across different health settings. The gold standard method in diagnosing jaundice involves a blood test and requires specialized hospital-based laboratory instruments. Despite technological advancements in point-of-care laboratory medicine, there is limited accessibility of the specialized devices and sample stability in geographically remote areas. Lack of suitable testing options leads to delays in timely diagnosis and treatment of clinically significant jaundice in developed and developing countries alike. There has been an ever-increasing need for a low-cost, simple to use screening technology to improve timely diagnosis and management of neonatal jaundice. Consequently, several point-of-care (POC) devices have been developed to address this concern. This paper aims to review the literature, focusing on emerging technologies in the screening and diagnosing of neonatal jaundice. We report on the challenges associated with the existing screening tools, followed by an overview of emerging sensors currently in pre-clinical development and the emerging POC devices in clinical trials to advance the screening of neonatal jaundice. The benefits offered by emerging POC devices include their ease of use, low cost, and the accessibility of rapid response test results. However, further clinical trials are required to overcome the current limitations of the emerging POC's before their implementation in clinical settings. Hence, the need for a simple to use, low-cost POC jaundice detection technology for newborns remains an unsolved challenge globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy Thomas
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Newborn Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Nursing, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ronda F Greaves
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, Australia.,International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine-Emerging Technologies Division (C-ETPLM), Milan, Italy
| | - David G Tingay
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Newborn Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Neonatology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine-Emerging Technologies Division (C-ETPLM), Milan, Italy.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Hematology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona Newall
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Nursing, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michelle Oeum
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mai Thi Chi Tran
- International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine-Emerging Technologies Division (C-ETPLM), Milan, Italy.,National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anushi E Rajapaksa
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Newborn Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Think Project Global, Melbourne, Australia
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