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Mondino A, González J, Li D, Mateos D, Osorio L, Cavelli M, Castro-Nin JP, Serantes D, Costa A, Vanini G, Mashour GA, Torterolo P. Urethane anaesthesia exhibits neurophysiological correlates of unconsciousness and is distinct from sleep. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:483-501. [PMID: 35545450 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Urethane is a general anaesthetic widely used in animal research. The state of urethane anaesthesia is unique because it alternates between macroscopically distinct electrographic states: a slow-wave state that resembles non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and an activated state with features of both REM sleep and wakefulness. Although it is assumed that urethane produces unconsciousness, this has been questioned because of states of cortical activation during drug exposure. Furthermore, the similarities and differences between urethane anaesthesia and physiological sleep are still unclear. In this study, we recorded the electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram in chronically prepared rats during natural sleep-wake states and during urethane anaesthesia. We subsequently analysed the power, coherence, directed connectivity and complexity of brain oscillations and found that EEG under urethane anaesthesia has clear signatures of unconsciousness, with similarities to other general anaesthetics. In addition, the EEG profile under urethane is different in comparison with natural sleep states. These results suggest that consciousness is disrupted during urethane. Furthermore, despite similarities that have led others to conclude that urethane is a model of sleep, the electrocortical traits of depressed and activated states during urethane anaesthesia differ from physiological sleep states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Mondino
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joaquín González
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Duan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Diego Mateos
- Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Coast-CONICET-UNL, CCT CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Entre Ríos, Parana, Argentina
| | - Lucía Osorio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matías Cavelli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Juan Pedro Castro-Nin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego Serantes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alicia Costa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Giancarlo Vanini
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - George A Mashour
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Ried K, Tamanna T, Matthews S, Sali A. Medicinal cannabis improves sleep in adults with insomnia: a randomised double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover study. J Sleep Res 2022; 32:e13793. [PMID: 36539991 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Insomnia or difficulty falling and or staying asleep is experienced by up to 30% of the general population. This randomised crossover double-blind placebo-controlled 6-week trial aimed to assess the tolerability and effectiveness of the Entoura-10:15 medicinal cannabis oil on sleep in adults with insomnia. A total of 29 participants with self-reported clinical insomnia completed the crossover trial. Participants were randomly allocated to receive placebo or active oil containing 10 mg/ml tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 15 mg/ml cannabidiol (CBD) over 2-weeks titrated 0.2-1.5 ml/day, followed by a 1-week wash-out period before crossover. Tolerability was assessed by daily diary. Effectiveness was measured by saliva midnight melatonin levels, validated questionnaires, i.e., the Insomnia Severity Index, and the Fitbit activity/sleep wrist tracker. Entoura-10:15 medicinal cannabis oil was generally well tolerated, and was effective in improving sleep, whereby 60% of participants no longer classified as clinical insomniacs at the end of the 2-week intervention period. Midnight melatonin levels significantly improved in the active group by 30% compared to a 20% decline in the placebo group (p = 0.035). Medicinal cannabis oil improved both time and quality of sleep, in particular light sleep increased by 21 min/night compared to placebo (p = 0.041). The quality of sleep improved overall by up to 80% in the active group (pPhase2 = 0.003), including higher daily functioning (p = 0.032). Observed effects were more pronounced in Phase 2 due to the period effect and loss of blinding. Entoura-10:15 medicinal cannabis oil was well tolerated and effective in improving sleep in adults with insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Ried
- National Institute of Integrative Medicine (NIIM) Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Torrens University Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Discipline of General Practice The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Tasnuva Tamanna
- National Institute of Integrative Medicine (NIIM) Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Sonja Matthews
- National Institute of Integrative Medicine (NIIM) Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Avni Sali
- National Institute of Integrative Medicine (NIIM) Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Kesner AJ, Mateo Y, Abrahao KP, Ramos-Maciel S, Pava MJ, Gracias AL, Paulsen RT, Carlson HB, Lovinger DM. Changes in striatal dopamine release, sleep, and behavior during spontaneous Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol abstinence in male and female mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1537-1549. [PMID: 35478010 PMCID: PMC9205922 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Withdrawal symptoms are observed upon cessation of cannabis use in humans. Although animal studies have examined withdrawal symptoms following exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), difficulties in obtaining objective measures of spontaneous withdrawal using paradigms that mimic cessation of use in humans have slowed research. The neuromodulator dopamine (DA) is affected by chronic THC treatment and plays a role in many behaviors related to human THC withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms include sleep disturbances that often drive relapse, and emotional behaviors like irritability and anhedonia. We examined THC withdrawal-induced changes in striatal DA release and the extent to which sleep disruption and behavioral maladaptation manifest during abstinence in a mouse model of chronic THC exposure. Using a THC treatment regimen known to produce tolerance, we measured electrically elicited DA release in acute brain slices from different striatal subregions during early and late THC abstinence. Long-term polysomnographic recordings from mice were used to assess vigilance state and sleep architecture before, during, and after THC treatment. We additionally assessed how behaviors that model human withdrawal symptoms are altered by chronic THC treatment in early and late abstinence. We detected altered striatal DA release, sleep disturbances that mimic clinical observations, and behavioral maladaptation in mice following tolerance to THC. Altered striatal DA release, sleep, and affect-related behaviors associated with spontaneous THC abstinence were more consistently observed in male mice. These findings provide a foundation for preclinical study of directly translatable non-precipitated THC withdrawal symptoms and the neural mechanisms that affect them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Kesner
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yolanda Mateo
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karina P Abrahao
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Ramos-Maciel
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Alexa L Gracias
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Riley T Paulsen
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hartley B Carlson
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David M Lovinger
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Clinical Management of Sleep and Sleep Disorders With Cannabis and Cannabinoids. Clin Neuropharmacol 2022; 45:27-31. [DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Balant M, Gras A, Ruz M, Vallès J, Vitales D, Garnatje T. Traditional uses of Cannabis: An analysis of the CANNUSE database. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114362. [PMID: 34171396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cannabis is one of the most versatile genera in terms of plant use and has been exploited by humans for millennia. Nowadays, Cannabis is the centre of many scientific studies, most of them focusing on chemical composition and medicinal values. While new and varied applications are continuously being developed, the knowledge surrounding less common uses of the plant is slowly disappearing. AIM OF THE REVIEW We have analysed diversity of global data of Cannabis traditional uses, to investigate if certain plant parts are significantly associated with particular Cannabis use. We wanted to uncover potential associations between the plant parts used for the treatment of different body systems and ailments. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have analysed the extensive database of Cannabis traditional uses (CANNUSE). This database contains 2330 data entries of Cannabis ethnobotanical uses from over 40 countries across the world. The dataset was divided into five general groups based on the type of use: medicinal, alimentary, psychoactive, fibre and other uses. Given the abundance of human medicinal uses, detailed analysis was done on the subset of 1167 data entries. We analysed the relationship between 16 body system categories and ailments treated with Cannabis plant parts. We used a Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact test, to determine which Cannabis parts are characteristic of treatment for specific ailments. RESULTS In this dataset, the majority of reports were represented by medicinal (75.41%), followed by psychoactive (8.35%) and alimentary (7.29%) use. The most commonly used plant parts were leaf (50.51%), seed (15.38%) and inflorescence (11.35%). We found that different Cannabis plant parts were significantly associated with different uses; the leaf was typically used for medicinal, seed for alimentary and inflorescence for psychoactive use. Regarding the human medicinal uses, most common were reports for treatments of the digestive system and nutritional disorders (17.66%), nervous system and mental disorders (16.24%), followed by pain and inflammations (12.21%). We found a significant relationship between the use of certain Cannabis parts and treatment of ailments and body systems categories; leaf was significantly associated with treatment of two categories: skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders and circulatory system and blood disorders; seed use was associated with musculoskeletal system disorders and traumas; while inflorescence use shows a statistical support for treatment of nervous system and mental disorders. CONCLUSION Several pharmaceutical companies are intensely working on developing new drugs with isolated chemical compounds or crude extracts, almost exclusively from Cannabis inflorescences. However, our review revealed that use of leaf or seed in traditional medicine is often more important than use of inflorescence for the treatment of certain ailments. A review of traditional medicine provides a body of knowledge and an initial pathway to identify landraces and plant parts that could have an important role in future medicinal research. We are confident that traditional medicine still has a large potential for modern medicine. As more information on Cannabis diversity (genetics, biochemistry, and clinical studies) becomes available, ethnobotanical data are poised to be of much greater significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manica Balant
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC - Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s/n, 08038, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Airy Gras
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC - Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s/n, 08038, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Mario Ruz
- Laboratori de Botànica (UB), Unitat Associada Al CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació - Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Joan Vallès
- Laboratori de Botànica (UB), Unitat Associada Al CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació - Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Estudis Catalans (IEC), Carrer del Carme, 47, 08001, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Daniel Vitales
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC - Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s/n, 08038, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratori de Botànica (UB), Unitat Associada Al CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació - Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Teresa Garnatje
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC - Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s/n, 08038, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Xu W, Gilmer DO, Starkweather A, Kim K. Associations among marijuana use, health-related quality of life, exercise, depression and sleep in cancer survivors. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:2386-2397. [PMID: 33599000 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess associations among cannabis use, health-related quality of life, exercise, depression and sleep among a nationally representative sample of US adults living with cancer. DESIGN A cross-sectional correlational study. METHODS We used survey data from the 2016-2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Analyses were considered for sample weights and the complex designs. Logistic regression was performed to assess associations among cannabis use (0, 1-19, vs. 20-30 [frequent] days), health-related quality of life (0-13 vs. ≥14 mentally or physically unhealthy days in the past 30 days; 0-13 vs. ≥14 functionally limited days), exercise, depression, and sleep after accounting for covariates. Reason for cannabis use (medical vs. non-medical) was also assessed. RESULTS Frequent users had significantly more physically unhealthy days (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.28-2.51, p < .01) and reported ≥ 14 mentally unhealthy days (adjusted OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.78-3.32, p < .001) and depression (adjusted OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.97-3.57, p < .001) compared with non-users. A positive relationship between frequency of cannabis use and depression existed only among non-medical cannabis users. CONCLUSION Cancer survivors using cannabis frequently (20 days+ in the past month) had poorer mental health-related quality of life. The reason for cannabis use as well as frequency of use may be important considerations in predicting depression. IMPACT This is the first study that evaluates the associations among cannabis use, the purpose of cannabis use, HRQoL, exercise, depression and sleep in a nationally representative sample of US adults living with cancer. Frequent cannabis users are likely vulnerable to poorer mental health-related quality of life and depression, and non-medical cannabis use in frequent users was associated with depression. Given expanding medical cannabis legalization, these findings warrant further attention so that this information can be used by people living with cancer in decision-making for symptom self-management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Xu
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Center for Advancement in Managing Pain, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Declan O Gilmer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Angela Starkweather
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Center for Advancement in Managing Pain, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Kyounghae Kim
- College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Nursing Research, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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7
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Abstract
Despite the fact that medical properties of Cannabis have been recognized for more than 5000 years, the use of Cannabis for medical purposes have recently reemerged and became more accessible. Cannabis is usually employed as a self-medication for the treatment of insomnia disorder. However, the effects of Cannabis on sleep depend on multiple factors such as metabolomic composition of the plant, dosage and route of administration. In the present chapter, we reviewed the main effect Cannabis on sleep. We focused on the effect of "crude or whole plant" Cannabis consumption (i.e., smoked, oral or vaporized) both in humans and experimental animal models.The data reviewed establish that Cannabis modifies sleep. Furthermore, a recent experimental study in animals suggests that vaporization (which is a recommended route for medical purposes) of Cannabis with high THC and negligible CBD, promotes NREM sleep. However, it is imperative to perform new clinical studies in order to confirm if the administration of Cannabis could be a beneficial therapy for the treatment of sleep disorders.
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Mondino A, Cavelli M, González J, Osorio L, Castro-Zaballa S, Costa A, Vanini G, Torterolo P. Power and Coherence in the EEG of the Rat: Impact of Behavioral States, Cortical Area, Lateralization and Light/Dark Phases. Clocks Sleep 2020; 2:536-556. [PMID: 33317018 PMCID: PMC7768537 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep2040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sleep-wake cycle is constituted by three behavioral states: wakefulness (W), non-REM (NREM) and REM sleep. These states are associated with drastic changes in cognitive capacities, mostly determined by the function of the thalamo-cortical system, whose activity can be examined by means of intra-cranial electroencephalogram (iEEG). With the purpose to study in depth the basal activity of the iEEG in adult rats, we analyzed the spectral power and coherence of the iEEG during W and sleep in the paleocortex (olfactory bulb), and in neocortical areas. We also analyzed the laterality of the signals, as well as the influence of the light and dark phases. We found that the iEEG power and coherence of the whole spectrum were largely affected by behavioral states and highly dependent on the cortical areas recorded. We also determined that there are night/day differences in power and coherence during sleep, but not in W. Finally, we observed that, during REM sleep, intra-hemispheric coherence differs between right and left hemispheres. We conclude that the iEEG dynamics are highly dependent on the cortical area and behavioral states. Moreover, there are light/dark phases disparities in the iEEG during sleep, and intra-hemispheric connectivity differs between both hemispheres during REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Mondino
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (A.M.); (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.O.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, 7433 Medical Science Building 1, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5615, USA;
| | - Matías Cavelli
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (A.M.); (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.O.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.C.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Joaquín González
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (A.M.); (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.O.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Lucía Osorio
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (A.M.); (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.O.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Santiago Castro-Zaballa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (A.M.); (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.O.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Alicia Costa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (A.M.); (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.O.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Giancarlo Vanini
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, 7433 Medical Science Building 1, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5615, USA;
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (A.M.); (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.O.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.C.)
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Kesner AJ, Lovinger DM. Cannabinoids, Endocannabinoids and Sleep. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:125. [PMID: 32774241 PMCID: PMC7388834 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a vital function of the nervous system that contributes to brain and bodily homeostasis, energy levels, cognitive ability, and other key functions of a variety of organisms. Dysfunctional sleep induces neural problems and is a key part of almost all human psychiatric disorders including substance abuse disorders. The hypnotic effects of cannabis have long been known and there is increasing use of phytocannabinoids and other formulations as sleep aids. Thus, it is crucial to gain a better understanding of the neurobiological basis of cannabis drug effects on sleep, as well as the role of the endogenous cannabinoid system in sleep physiology. In this review article, we summarize the current state of knowledge concerning sleep-related endogenous cannabinoid function derived from research on humans and rodent models. We also review information on acute and chronic cannabinoid drug effects on sleep in these organisms, and molecular mechanisms that may contribute to these effects. We point out the potential benefits of acute cannabinoids for sleep improvement, but also the potential sleep-disruptive effects of withdrawal following chronic cannabinoid drug use. Prescriptions for future research in this burgeoning field are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Kesner
- Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David M Lovinger
- Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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Cavelli M, Prunell G, Costa G, Velásquez N, Gonzalez J, Castro-Zaballa S, Lima MM, Torterolo P. Electrocortical high frequency activity and respiratory entrainment in 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson’s disease. Brain Res 2019; 1724:146439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mondino A, Fernández S, Garcia-Carnelli C, Castro MJ, Umpierrez E, Torterolo P, Falconi A, Agrati D. Vaporized Cannabis differentially modulates sexual behavior of female rats according to the dose. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 187:172814. [PMID: 31644886 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies exploring the effect of compounds that modulate the endocannabinoid system on sexual behavior have yielded contradictory results. However, the effect of smoked Cannabis in women has been consistently associated with an increase in sexual drive. Therefore, it can be speculated that vaporized Cannabis will augment sexually motivated components of the sexual behavior of female rats. To test this hypothesis, we compared the sexual behavior of late-proestrous female rats in a bilevel chamber after vaporizing 0, 200 or 400 mg of Cannabis flowers (containing 18% of delta-9-THC and undetectable levels of cannabidiol) during 10 min. We found that both doses of Cannabis increased the duration of the lordosis response, whereas the highest dose also reduced the lordosis quotient of females. The lowest dose of Cannabis augmented the display of hops and darts without altering the expression of sexual solicitations of females, while the highest one did not affect the expression of hops and darts but reduced sexual solicitations. These effects were not accompanied by alterations of females' ambulatory behavior. The increment of the duration of lordosis response produced by both doses of Cannabis could be associated to a general effect of this drug in sensory processing, as can be an enhancement of females' sensory reactivity to male's stimulation. However, the reduction in the display of solicitations and lordosis in response to mounting observed in females exposed to the highest dose when compared to control and 200 mg of Cannabis groups indicates a reduction of sexual receptivity and motivation. This differential effect of vaporized Cannabis according to the dose employed, suggests that it modulates sexual behavior in a complex way, impacting neural circuits that control different aspects of this social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Mondino
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Santiago Fernández
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Garcia-Carnelli
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María José Castro
- Unidad de Medioambiente, Drogas y Doping, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Camino Aparicio Saravia S/N, Bypass ruta 8, 91000 Pando, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Eleuterio Umpierrez
- Unidad de Medioambiente, Drogas y Doping, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Camino Aparicio Saravia S/N, Bypass ruta 8, 91000 Pando, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Atilio Falconi
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniella Agrati
- Sección Fisiología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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