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Syed MA, Hassan M, Veettil ST, Marji T, Khudadad H, El Kaissi DB, Zainel AA, Ahmed Mohamed H, Mathew B, Syed MA, Alnuaimi AS. Health risk factors, status and service utilisation of adults in primary health care settings in Qatar: The HEALTHSIGHT study protocol. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304160. [PMID: 38809879 PMCID: PMC11135729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has been well documented in recent literature which constitute a significant global burden of disease. Qatar which has a significantly high prevalence of NCDs with early on set. Epidemiological and health service utilization information plays a central role in facilitating informed decision making and application of the fundamental principles of PHC in planning and delivery of healthcare with aim to prevent and control NCDs. To enable this, the Department of Clinical Research at Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Qatar's publicly funded and largest primary care provider designed the Health Assessment Linking Trends in Health Status, Risks, and Healthcare Utilization (HEALTHSIGHT) study. This paper describes the HEALTHSIGHT study protocol. METHODS The proposed study will use a cross sectional study design involving a random sample of participants enrolled across all 31 PHCC health centers. Individuals aged 18 and above years old registered with PHCC and hold a valid health card and contact information on PHCC's electronic medical records (EMR) will be eligible for inclusion. A stratified random sample not proportional to size sampling technique will be employed to obtain a representative sample size of the PHCC population (N = 6000). Participants will be scheduled for an appointment at a PHCC health centre where a data collector will obtain informed consent, collect vital sign information and administer a questionnaire. A phlebotomist will collect a blood sample. Health service utilization data will be extracted from PHCC's EMR. DISCUSSION Epidemiological and health service utilization information is essential to plan and monitor primary care and public health services. The HEALTHSIGHT study, with the help of a randomly selected representative sample from Qatar's primary healthcare settings, provides a unique opportunity to capture this information. This study design will closely represent a real-world understanding of the health risk, status and utilisation and is likely to provide important data to guide primary care planning and delivery in Qatar. The proposed protocol provides an example of a robust nationwide study that be undertaken in short duration using limited resource which can be undertaken in other similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Syed
- Department of Clinical Research, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariam Hassan
- Department of Clinical Research, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Tamara Marji
- Department of Clinical Research, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan Khudadad
- Department of Clinical Research, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Hafiz Ahmed Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Research, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bindya Mathew
- Department of Clinical Research, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muslim Abbas Syed
- Department of Clinical Research, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Khardali A, Kashan Syed N, Alqahtani SS, Qadri M, Meraya AM, Rajeh N, Aqeely F, Alrajhi S, Zanoom A, Gunfuthi S, Basudan W, Hakami TK, Abdelgadir MA. Assessing medication adherence and their associated factors amongst type-2 diabetes mellitus patients of Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia: A single-center, cross-sectional study. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101896. [PMID: 38178855 PMCID: PMC10764249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) globally is reaching epidemic proportions. By 2035, it is projected to increase to 417 million, which is of significant concern as T2DM represents the most oversized budget item in many healthcare systems, primarily due to the high rates of morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. The worldwide cost burden of T2DM has been inexorably growing. A key contributor to the remarkably high morbidity and mortality rates is poor glycemic control potentially associated with medication non-adherence. Aim The present research's main objective included assessing medication adherence among patients with T2DM in a single center in Jazan Province. Methods Three hundred nine patients with T2DM participated in a cross-sectional survey over three months (September to November 2022). The study participants comprised 50.8 % (females) and 49.2 % (males), with a mean age of 44.12 years (SD ± 12.70). A 31-item self-report questionnaire was used for data collection. Results Sixty-six percent of the sample were found to be adherent to their T2DM therapy. A positive association was noticed between the GMAS score and the participant's age (r = 0.24; p < 0.01). The participants' medication adherence was significantly associated with having age above 50 years (χ2 = 13.62; p = 0.001), residing in urban localities (χ2 = 21.37; p < 0.001), being married (χ2 = 12.80; p = 0.002), having glycated hemoglobin level more than 8 % (χ2 = 6.99; p = 0.03) and taking between one to three medications per day (χ2 = 17.63; p < 0.001). Conclusion The majority of T2DM patients in the present study were found adherent to their anti-diabetic medications, particularly older patients. Future studies should focus on exploring the reasons for the reported high adherence among older patients and non-adherence among younger patients, as this could facilitate the development of a strategy to enhance adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Khardali
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan - 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan - 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabeel Kashan Syed
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan - 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan - 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad S. Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia
- Inflammation Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Unit, Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan - 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan - 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Rajeh
- Jazan Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Jizan - 82723, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Aqeely
- Jazan Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Jizan - 82723, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sedan Alrajhi
- College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan - 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amnah Zanoom
- College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan - 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahd Gunfuthi
- College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan - 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wahhaj Basudan
- College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan - 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thana K. Hakami
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mawada A. Abdelgadir
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan - 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan - 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Upamali S, Rathnayake S. Perspectives of older people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus towards medication adherence: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289834. [PMID: 37561681 PMCID: PMC10414664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Better medication adherence among people with diabetes mellitus was found to be associated with improved glycaemic control. However, medication non-adherence is a significant concern in older people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. PURPOSE To explore the perspectives of older people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus towards medication adherence. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive exploratory study. METHODOLOGY A purposive sample of older people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus living in the community was recruited. Snowball sampling was applied in community recruitment. In-depth telephone interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used in data analysis. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines were followed. RESULTS The emerged six themes were: (a) impact of knowledge, attitudes and practices on medication adherence, (b) treatment-related barriers to medication adherence, (c) impact of age-related changes on medication adherence, (d) person-related barriers to medication adherence, (e) impact of COVID-19 on medication adherence and, (f) role of support systems in medication adherence. Knowledge of the disease process and medications, attitudes towards medication adherence, the practice of different treatment approaches, self-medication and dosing, negative experiences related to medications, polypharmacy, changes in lifestyle and roles, the influence of work-life, motivation, negligence, family support, support received from health workers, facilities available and financial capability are the main factors influence medication adherence. Age-related memory impairment, visual disturbances and physical weaknesses affect medication adherence in older people. Additionally, COVID-19-related guidelines imposed by the government and healthcare system-related issues during the COVID-19 pandemic also affected medication adherence. CONCLUSION Adherence to medications among older people is hampered by a variety of factors, including their knowledge, attitudes and practices, person and treatment-related factors and age-related changes. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought additional challenges. Individualised patient care for older people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve medication adherence is timely. Strengthening support mechanisms for the above population is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathma Upamali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Sarath Rathnayake
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Asiri R, Todd A, Robinson-Barella A, Husband A. Ethnic disparities in medication adherence? A systematic review examining the association between ethnicity and antidiabetic medication adherence. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0271650. [PMID: 36812177 PMCID: PMC9946219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adherence to prescribed medication is an essential component of diabetes management to obtain optimal outcomes. Understanding the relationship between medication adherence and ethnicity is key to optimising treatment for all people with different chronic illnesses, including those with diabetes. The aim of this review is to examine whether the adherence to antidiabetic medications differed by ethnicity among people with diabetes. METHODS A systematic review was conducted of studies reporting adherence to antidiabetic medication amongst people from different ethnic groups. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched from their inception to June 2022 for quantitative studies with a specific focus on studies assessing adherence to antidiabetic medications (PROSPERO: CRD42021278392). The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist and a second checklist designed for studies using retrospective databases were used to assess study quality. A narrative synthesis approach was used to summarize the results based on the medication adherence measures. RESULTS Of 17,410 citations screened, 41 studies that included observational retrospective database research and cross-sectional studies were selected, each of which involved diverse ethnic groups from different settings. This review identified a difference in the adherence to antidiabetic medications by ethnicity in 38 studies, despite adjustment for several confounding variables that may otherwise explain these differences. CONCLUSION This review revealed that adherence to antidiabetic medication differed by ethnicity. Further research is needed to explore the ethnicity-related factors that may provide an explanation for these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayah Asiri
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam Todd
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andy Husband
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Alomari A, Alananzeh I, Lord H, Abdulla Al-Lenjawi B, Fernandez R. Medication Adherence Rate in Arab Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. J Transcult Nurs 2022; 33:632-641. [PMID: 35583032 DOI: 10.1177/10436596221095851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most common chronic illnesses in the Eastern Mediterranean. There have been few studies on medication adherence in Arab patients with CVD. AIM To investigate the rates and the reasons for medication adherence in Arab patients with CVD. METHODOLOGY The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for prevalence systematic reviews was used. MEDLINE, EMCARE, CINAHL, Scopus, Science Direct, PsychINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. RESULTS Thirteen quantitative studies on medication adherence in Arab adult CVD patients were included.Pooled data from nine studies demonstrated that 53.2% (95% confidence interval = [51.2%, 55.1%]) of patients were adherent to their medications. Reasons for nonadherence to medication include personal factors, understanding, and complexity of treatment regimes, medication knowledge and structural barriers. CONCLUSION Medication adherence appears to have a social gradient, and families should be actively involved in future strategies to increase medication adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heidi Lord
- South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
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Zairina E, Nugraheni G, Sulistyarini A, Mufarrihah, Setiawan CD, Kripalani S, Lestari SI. Factors related to barriers and medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:219-228. [PMID: 35673517 PMCID: PMC9167265 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Evidence has shown that 50% of patients, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), are non-adherent to the prescribed antidiabetic medication regimen. Some barriers lead to nonadherence in people with DM type 2. The study aimed to identify factors related to adherence in patient with DM and to assess the correlation between barriers to adherence type 2 DM patients. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted in 63 primary healthcare centers in Surabaya, Indonesia. Patients with DM type 2 were recruited between April and September 2019 using convenient sampling technique. Ethics approval was obtained (80/EA/KEPK/2019). Results A total of 266 patients with type 2 DM participated in this study. Of the respondents, 201 (75.2%) were female. Unwanted drug effects, changes in medication regimens, and refilling the prescription when the drugs run out were most reported factors that affected adherence. Spearman correlations and linear regression tests were used to examine the relationship between barriers to medication adherence, and education with medication adherence. A significant difference was observed between the level of education and adherence (p = 0.031). The results showed an association between barriers to medication and adherence to medication (r = 0.304; p < 0.001) which was confirmed in regression analysis (R = 0.309, R square = 0.095, p <0.001). Conclusions Barriers to adherence are common and affect adherence to therapy. It is essential to expand the roles of health care professionals in the community to include counseling, barrier-monitoring, education, and problem-solving to improve patient medication adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elida Zairina
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr Ir Haji Soekarno, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia ,Innovative Pharmacy Practice and Integrated Outcome Research (INACORE) Group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia ,Center for Patient Safety Research, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Gesnita Nugraheni
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr Ir Haji Soekarno, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia ,Innovative Pharmacy Practice and Integrated Outcome Research (INACORE) Group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Arie Sulistyarini
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr Ir Haji Soekarno, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia ,Innovative Pharmacy Practice and Integrated Outcome Research (INACORE) Group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mufarrihah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr Ir Haji Soekarno, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia ,Innovative Pharmacy Practice and Integrated Outcome Research (INACORE) Group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Catur Dian Setiawan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr Ir Haji Soekarno, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia ,Innovative Pharmacy Practice and Integrated Outcome Research (INACORE) Group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sunil Kripalani
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Safira Indah Lestari
- Bachelor of Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr Ir Haji Soekarno, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
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Musleh S, Nazeemudeen A, Islam MT, El Hajj N, Alam T. A machine learning based study to assess bone health in a diabetic cohort. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.101079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Bonsu KO, Young S, Lee T, Nguyen H, Chitsike RS. Adherence to Antithrombotic Therapy for Patients Attending a Multidisciplinary Thrombosis Service in Canada - A Cross-Sectional Survey. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:1771-1780. [PMID: 35923661 PMCID: PMC9339664 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s367105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor medication adherence puts patients who require antithrombotic therapy at greater risk of complications. We started a multidisciplinary Adult Outpatient Thrombosis Service in 2017 in a Canadian health authority and were interested in the level of medication adherence in the population attending. AIMS The aim of this study is to assess adherence to antithrombotic medications for patients attending a multidisciplinary Thrombosis Service. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of outpatients seen at the Thrombosis Service between 2017 and 2019 using the 12-item validated Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) to assess adherence to antithrombotic (anticoagulants and antiplatelet) therapy. Linear regression analysis examined the factors associated with adherence to antithrombotic therapy. RESULTS Of 1058 eligible patients, 53.2% responded to the survey. Seventeen were excluded from the analysis for missing more than 6 responses to the 12 items on the ARMS. About 55% (n = 297) were on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), 19% (n = 102) on warfarin, 5.0% (n = 27) on low molecular weight heparin, 3.3% (n = 18) on antiplatelet therapy and 18% (n = 96) were no longer on antithrombotic therapy. Nearly half (47%, n = 253) had taken antithrombotic therapy for 1-5 years while 28% (n = 150) and 25% (n = 137) had taken antithrombotic treatments for <1 and >5 years, respectively. Most patients (87%, n = 475) were ≥50 years and half (51%, n = 277) were male. The mean adherence score was 13.9 (SD±2.2) and 88% (n = 481) of participants were adherent to antithrombotic treatment (ARMS = 12-16). Multivariable linear regression showed that patients with post-graduate education had 0.4% lower adherence to antithrombotic therapy as compared with elementary education (β = 0.0039, p = 0.048). Patients with prior antithrombotic agent use >5 years had 0.5% lower adherence to antithrombotic treatment compared to patients with <1 year (β = 0.0047, p = 0.0244). CONCLUSION Self-reported adherence to antithrombotic therapy was high (88%) within a multidisciplinary Thrombosis Service. Patients with advanced education and prolong duration of antithrombotic therapy were more likely to have lower self-reported adherence to antithrombotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwadwo Osei Bonsu
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St John’s, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
- Correspondence: Kwadwo Osei Bonsu, School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St John’s, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada, Email
| | - Stephanie Young
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St John’s, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
- Pharmacy Program, Eastern Region Health Authority, St John’s, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Tiffany Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St John’s, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
- Pharmacy Program, Eastern Region Health Authority, St John’s, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Hai Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St John’s, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Rufaro S Chitsike
- Division of Medicine (Hematology), Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St John’s, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Eastern Region Health Authority, St John’s, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
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Khaton Taheri N, Torabizadeh C, Aflaki E, Mohammadi M, Khademian Z. Experiences of the Patients with Behcet's Syndrom from Adherence to Treatment: A Qualitative Content Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY BASED NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2021; 9:300-312. [PMID: 34604399 PMCID: PMC8479285 DOI: 10.30476/ijcbnm.2021.89726.1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Adherence to treatment plays an important role in the effectiveness of treatment in patients with Behcet's Syndrome (BS). An in-depth understanding of the experiences of patients with BS will help to improve the patients' management. The present qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of patients with BS from adherence to treatment. Methods This qualitative study was conducted during February-September 2019 at Shahid Motahari Behcet's Clinic in Shiraz, Iran. Data were collected through eight unstructured observations and 22 individual in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 participants (15 patients with BS, three family members, and two rheumatologists). Data analysis was performed simultaneously with data collection, using the conventional content analysis as proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Data were managed using MAXQDA 10 software. Results Data analysis resulted in 21 sub-categories, seven categories, and three themes. The themes included barriers to treatment adherence (inability to cope with treatment and challenges in access to health care), facilitators of treatment adherence (incentives, receiving support, and striving to adapt to illness), and missing aspects of the treatment program (inadequate patient education and the neglect of lifestyle modification). Conclusion The barriers to and facilitators of treatment adherence as well as the missing aspects of the treatment program of patients with BS were identified. Adherence to treatment is not only determined by the patients, but also affected by the support system and relies upon the existing context and the nature of the treatment plan. These parameters should be considered during patient management to effectively promote treatment adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Khaton Taheri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Camellia Torabizadeh
- Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Aflaki
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Administration and Educational Planning, School of Education Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Khademian
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Bawadi H, Al-Shahwani A, Arafeh D, Al-Asmar D, Moawad J, Shi Z, Daher-Nashif S. Depressive Symptoms among Patients with Diabetes in Qatar: Frequency and Potential Determinants. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9030302. [PMID: 33803134 PMCID: PMC7999723 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9030302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a highly prevalent chronic disease that is associated with major complications. Findings regarding risk of depression among patients with diabetes are controversial. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms among Qatari patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on Qatar Biobank (QBB) data of 2448 Qatari adults with diabetes aged 21–60 years old. Data regarding age, gender, education, income, body mass index (BMI), medication use, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were retrieved. Patients’ responses to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were also obtained. Data analyses was performed using STATA 16, and statistical significance was considered at a p-value of <0.05. Results: Of the 2448 participants, 15.4% (n = 378) had self-reported depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were frequent among females (69.6%), smokers (15.9%), and participants with a higher level of education (47.1%). Average age of participants who reported depressive symptoms was significantly less that among participants without depressive symptoms (44.8 vs. 52.9 years). Qatari women with diabetes seem to be at higher risk of depression when compared to men (OR = 1.819, 95% CI: 1.42–2.33); The odds of reporting depressive symptoms were 35% higher among patients with more advanced educational qualifications (OR = 1.351, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.82). Smokers were twice as likely to report depressive symptoms as their non-smoking counterparts. There was no significant relationship between depression and poor glycemic control, physical activity, BMI, or insulin use. Conclusions: In summary, the study results suggest that several sociodemographic factors, such as age, gender, and level of education were associated with the risk of depressive symptoms among Qataris with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Bawadi
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (H.B.); (A.A.-S.); (D.A.); (D.A.-A.); (J.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Alanood Al-Shahwani
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (H.B.); (A.A.-S.); (D.A.); (D.A.-A.); (J.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Dana Arafeh
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (H.B.); (A.A.-S.); (D.A.); (D.A.-A.); (J.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Daniah Al-Asmar
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (H.B.); (A.A.-S.); (D.A.); (D.A.-A.); (J.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Joyce Moawad
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (H.B.); (A.A.-S.); (D.A.); (D.A.-A.); (J.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zumin Shi
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (H.B.); (A.A.-S.); (D.A.); (D.A.-A.); (J.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Suhad Daher-Nashif
- Population Medicine Department, College of Medicine, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence:
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Mostafavi F, Alavijeh FZ, Salahshouri A, Mahaki B. The psychosocial barriers to medication adherence of patients with type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study. Biopsychosoc Med 2021; 15:1. [PMID: 33461565 PMCID: PMC7812642 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-020-00202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The adherence of diabetic patients to their medication regimen is associated with many psychosocial factors that are still unknown. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the psychosocial barriers to medication adherence of patients with type2 diabetes (T2D). Methodology This descriptive qualitative study was done in Isfahan, Iran by conducting in-depth unstructured interviews with 23 purposively selected patients with T2D and 10 healthcare providers (HCPs). The participants were interviewed face-to-face between November 2017 and June 2018 at the patient’s home, a Health Care Center, or at the diabetes clinic. Data analysis was performed using MAXQDA-10 software and the conventional content analysis. Results The analysis of the data led to six categories of perceived psychosocial barriers: 1) fear, concern and distress, 2) exhaustion and burnout, 3) the children’s issues being the priority, 4) poor financial support, 5) communication challenges, and 6) poor work conditions. Conclusions This study identified some of the psychosocial barriers to medication adherence of patients with T2D, which will be of great help to researchers and HCPs in designing and implementing effective interventions to overcome these barriers and change patient self-care behaviors and increase their medication adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Mostafavi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Zamani Alavijeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arash Salahshouri
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, 61357 - 15751, Iran.
| | - Behzad Mahaki
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Mahmood S, Jalal Z, Hadi MA, Shah KU. Association between attendance at outpatient follow-up appointments and blood pressure control among patients with hypertension. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:458. [PMID: 33087065 PMCID: PMC7579965 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess the impact of regularity in treatment follow-up appointments on treatment outcomes among hypertensive patients attending different healthcare settings in Islamabad, Pakistan. Additionally, factors associated with regularity in treatment follow-up were also identified.
Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken in selected primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare settings between September, 2017 and December, 2018 in Islamabad, Pakistan. A structured data collection form was used to gather sociodemographic and clinical data of recruited patients. Binary logistic regression analyses were undertaken to determine association between regularity in treatment follow-up appointments and blood pressure control and to determine covariates significantly associated with regularity in treatment follow-up appointments. Results A total of 662 patients with hypertension participated in the study. More than half 346 (52%) of the patients were females. The mean age of participants was 54 ± 12 years. Only 274 (41%) patients regularly attended treatment follow-up appointments. Regression analysis found that regular treatment follow-up was an independent predictor of controlled blood pressure (OR 1.561 [95% CI 1.102–2.211; P = 0.024]). Gender (OR 1.720 [95% CI 1.259–2.350; P = 0.001]), age (OR 1.462 [CI 95%:1.059–2.020; P = 0.021]), higher education (OR 1.7 [95% CI 1.041–2.778; P = 0.034]), entitlement to free medical care (OR 3.166 [95% CI 2.284–4.388; P = 0.0001]), treatment duration (OR 1.788 [95% CI 1.288–2.483; P = 0.001]), number of medications (OR 1.585 [95% CI 1.259–1.996; P = 0.0001]), presence of co-morbidity (OR 3.214 [95% CI 2.248–4.593; P = 0.0001]) and medication adherence (OR 6.231 [95% CI 4.264–9.106; P = 0.0001]) were significantly associated with regularity in treatment follow-up appointments. Conclusion Attendance at follow-up visits was alarmingly low among patients with hypertension in Pakistan which may explain poor treatment outcomes in patients. Evidence-based targeted interventions should be developed and implemented, considering local needs, to improve attendance at treatment follow-up appointments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-E-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zahraa Jalal
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Muhammad Abdul Hadi
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kifayat Ullah Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-E-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Munsour EE, Awaisu A, Ahmad Hassali MA, Dabbous Z, Zahran N, Abdoun E. Impact of customized-consumer medication information on health-related quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Res Social Adm Pharm 2020; 16:793-799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Chen YJ, Chang J, Yang SY. Psychometric Evaluation of Chinese Version of Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) and Blood-Pressure Control Among Elderly with Hypertension. Patient Prefer Adherence 2020; 14:213-220. [PMID: 32103905 PMCID: PMC7020932 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s236268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop the ARMS-C and test its psychometric properties in hypertensive patients, to assess the level of medication adherence and to identify associated predictors for medication adherence and blood-pressure control among Chinese hypertensive patients. METHODS Hypertensive elderly who met inclusion criteria were recruited from an aged-care facility in Henan Province between January 2019 and July 2019. The patients completed the adapted ARMS-C. The scale's factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity were tested. RESULTS Good internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.89) and test-retest reliability (r=0.86, p<0.01) were obtained. Item-total correlation coefficients for the ten-item ARMS-C were 0.505-0.801. Factor analysis of construct validity identified two factors, explaining a total variance of 63.3%. Binary regression showed that patients with scores at level 2 (≤20 ARMS-10 scores <30) were six times as likely to have blood pressure uncontrolled as those at level 1 (ARMS-10 scores <20, OR 6.6, 95% CI 1.7-25.1; p=0.006), and patients with scores at level 3 (ARMS-10 scores >30) were 115 times as likely to have blood pressure uncontrolled as those at level 1 (ARMS-10 scores <20,OR 115, 95% CI 9-1,470; p=0). CONCLUSION The ten-item ARMS-C is a reliable and valid self-reporting screening tool for adherence to medication and refills in elderly hypertensive Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jing Chen
- Department of Health Care Clinic, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Chang
- Department of Health Care Clinic, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jing Chang Email
| | - Si-Yu Yang
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Mahmood S, Jalal Z, Hadi MA, Orooj H, Shah KU. Non-Adherence to Prescribed Antihypertensives in Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Healthcare Settings in Islamabad, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2020; 14:73-85. [PMID: 32021119 PMCID: PMC6969702 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s235517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of non-adherence to antihypertensive medication among patients with hypertension attending various healthcare settings in Islamabad, Pakistan. METHODS A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted in selected healthcare facilities between September 2017 and December 2018. The study was conducted in primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare settings in Islamabad, Pakistan. Medication adherence was assessed using the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Sociodemographic and clinical data of recruited patients were collected through a structured questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine covariates significantly associated with medication adherence and blood pressure control. RESULTS A total of 776 hypertensive patients were invited and 741 (95%) completed the questionnaire. The mean ± SD age of participants was 53.6±12.6 years; 284 patients (38.3%) had high adherence, 178 (24%) had moderate adherence and 279 (37.7%) were non-adherent to the prescribed antihypertensive therapy. Binary regression analysis revealed that old age (OR 1.783 [95% CI: 1.172-2.712]; P=0.013), being educated (OR 2.018 [95% CI: 1.240-3.284]; P=0.036), entitlement to free medical care (OR 1.369 [95% CI: 1.009-1.859]; P=0.044), treatment duration (OR 2.868 [95% CI: 1.913-4.299]; P=0.001), number of medications (OR 1.973 [95% CI: 1.560-2.495]; P=0.001), presence of any comorbidity (OR 2.658 [95% CI: 1.836-3.848]; P=0.001) and blood pressure control (OR 3.103 [95% CI: 2.268-4.247]; P=0.001) were significantly associated with good adherence. Similarly, age (OR 1.998 [95% CI: 1.313-3.040]; P=0.004), entitlement to free medical care (OR 1.498 [95% CI: 1.116-2.010]; P=0.007), treatment duration (OR 1.886 [95% CI: 1.143-3.113]; P=0.013), presence of any comorbidity (OR 1.552 [95% CI: 1.123-2.147]; P=0.008) and adherence level (OR 3.103 [95% CI: 2.268-4.247]; P=0.001) had significant association with controlled blood pressure. The following were the main reasons for non-adherence to prescribed antihypertensive medication: "don't feel need for regular use" (24.7%), "Carelessness" (13.4%) and "adverse effects" (11.2%). CONCLUSION The prevalence of non-adherence to antihypertensive medications was high in the study population and poor medication adherence could potentially explain poor blood pressure control. Evidence-based targeted interventions on both medication adherence and blood pressure control should be introduced and implemented for better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad45320, Pakistan
| | - Zahraa Jalal
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
| | - Muhammad Abdul Hadi
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
| | - Hasan Orooj
- Directorate of Health Services, Metropolitan Corporation Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kifayat Ullah Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad45320, Pakistan
- Correspondence: Kifayat Ullah Shah Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad45320, PakistanTel +92-3325542722 Email
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Swarna Nantha Y, Haque S, Swarna Nantha H. The development of an integrated behavioural model of patient compliance with diabetes medication: a mixed-method study protocol. Fam Pract 2019; 36:581-586. [PMID: 30534941 PMCID: PMC6781935 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmy119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a shift in worldwide disease burden from infections to non-communicable diseases, especially type 2 diabetes (T2D). Behavioural change and self-management are key to optimal T2D control. Several universal models of diabetic care have been proposed to help explain the dimensions of T2D self-care such as medication adherence, physical activity, diet and patient-doctor interaction. These models do not allow an objective and quantifiable measurement of the problems faced by patients in terms of medication compliance. OBJECTIVE To create a comprehensive conceptual model of behavioural change related to T2D medication compliance. METHODS A cross-sectional study will be conducted at a regional primary care clinic using a mixed-method technique. First, a Grounded Theory qualitative inquiry will be used to investigate predictors of medication adherence in T2D patients. Consequently, the elements derived from the interview will be incorporated into the Theory of Planned Behaviour framework to generate an integrated behavioural model. This model will then be used to quantify the factors related to compliance with medication amongst T2D patients. DISCUSSION The framework developed here could help in the design of policies to optimize T2D control by identifying lapses in patients' intake of diabetic medications. This can be done by exploring the patients' fundamental and unarticulated belief system via a naturalistic approach adopted in this study. The properties of the framework can be replicated in other settings to serve as a benchmark for quality improvement in T2D patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogarabindranath Swarna Nantha
- Seremban Primary Health Care Clinic, Jalan Rasah, Seremban.,Non-Communicable Disease Department, Seremban Primary Health Care Clinic, Jalan Rasah, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Haque
- Department of Psychology, Monash University Malaysia
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Abdulrhim SH, Saleh RA, Mohamed Hussain MA, Al Raey H, Babiker AH, Kheir N, Awaisu A. Impact of a Collaborative Pharmaceutical Care Service Among Patients With Diabetes in an Ambulatory Care Setting in Qatar: A Multiple Time Series Study. Value Health Reg Issues 2019; 19:45-50. [PMID: 30875638 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent in the Middle East and the burden associated with it is dramatically increasing. Pharmacists working in collaborative healthcare teams have an important role to improve outcomes in the primary care of diabetes. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of a collaborative pharmaceutical care service (CPCS) on improving outcomes among patients with diabetes in a primary care setting. METHODS This was a retrospective, multiple time series study involving patients attending an ambulatory diabetes clinic at Qatar Petroleum Healthcare Center in Dukhan, Qatar. Patients' glycated hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and lipid profile were obtained at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months of receiving CPCS through a retrospective chart review. A repeated-measures analysis of variance test was used to determine the impact of the intervention on clinical outcomes. RESULTS Ninety-six patients with diabetes were included in the analyses. There was a statistically significant reduction (ie, improvement) in glycated hemoglobin A1c by 1.4%, fasting plasma glucose by 41.3 mg/dL, body mass index by 1 kg/m2, systolic blood pressure by 14.9 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure by 8.7 mm Hg from baseline to 12 months (P<.001 for all). Nevertheless, no significant reductions were observed in the lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS CPCS provision improves clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes over a 12-month follow-up period in a primary healthcare setting. Future studies should determine the long-term impact of a collaborative care model in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hend Al Raey
- Pharmacy Department, Qatar Petroleum Healthcare Center, Dukhan, Qatar
| | | | - Nadir Kheir
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ahmed Awaisu
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Association between medication adherence and quality of life of patients with diabetes and hypertension attending primary care clinics: a cross-sectional survey. Qual Life Res 2018; 28:1053-1061. [PMID: 30470970 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-018-2060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association between medication adherence and quality of life (QoL) of patients with diabetes and/or hypertension attending primary care clinics. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, patients with at least one long-term condition (hypertension or diabetes mellitus) meeting the eligibility criteria were recruited from five primary care clinics in Saudi Arabia. Arabic version of Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) tool were used to assess medication adherence and QoL, respectively. Patients' sociodemographic, medical and medication data were collected using a structured, pilot-tested data collection form. RESULTS Three hundred patients with a mean (± SD) age of 56.79 (12.8) years participated in the study. Fifty-eight had hypertension only, 96 had diabetes (Type 1 or 2), and 146 had both hypertension and diabetes. After adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics, multiple linear regression analysis found that adherent patients had significantly higher mean overall perception of QoL and health scores by 14.6 (P = 0.001) and 17.2 (P = 0.001) points, respectively, compared to non-adherent patients. In addition, irrespective of the type of long-term condition, adherence status was found to be an independent predictor of all QoL domains. CONCLUSION There is an association between medication adherence and QoL among patients with diabetes and/or hypertension attending primary care clinics. Medication adherence should be assessed and emphasised during routine clinical consultations in primary care in order to achieve the desired clinical outcomes and overall well-being of patients.
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Zidan A, Awaisu A, El-Hajj MS, Al-Abdulla SA, Figueroa DCR, Kheir N. Medication-Related Burden among Patients with Chronic Disease Conditions: Perspectives of Patients Attending Non-Communicable Disease Clinics in a Primary Healthcare Setting in Qatar. PHARMACY 2018; 6:pharmacy6030085. [PMID: 30104554 PMCID: PMC6165107 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy6030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess perceived medication-related burden among patients with multiple non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and to investigate the association between perceived burden and adherence to medication therapy. Using a cross-sectional study in three primary care clinics in Qatar, medication-related burden was measured using the Living with Medicines Questionnaire (LMQ) among adults with diabetes, with or without other comorbidities. Adherence was measured using the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS). Two hundred and ninety-three eligible patients participated in the study. The majority of them reported experiencing minimal (66.8%) to moderate (24.1%) medication-related burden. There was a significant positive correlation between the scores of the LMQ (medication-related burden) and ARMS (medication adherence), rs (253) = 0.317, p < 0.0005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Zidan
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Ahmed Awaisu
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | | | | | | | - Nadir Kheir
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
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Jaam M, Hadi MA, Kheir N, Mohamed Ibrahim MI, Diab MI, Al-Abdulla SA, Awaisu A. A qualitative exploration of barriers to medication adherence among patients with uncontrolled diabetes in Qatar: integrating perspectives of patients and health care providers. Patient Prefer Adherence 2018; 12:2205-2216. [PMID: 30410316 PMCID: PMC6200070 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s174652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an in-depth understanding of the barriers to medication adherence among patients with uncontrolled diabetes attending primary health care (PHC) centers in Qatar by exploring and integrating patients' and health care providers' perspectives. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A descriptive qualitative methodology was used in this study. A trained researcher conducted semi-structured face-to-face interviews at two PHC centers. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes (with varied sociodemographic characteristics) and their respective health care providers (physicians, pharmacists, nurses, dieticians, and others) were purposively selected from the two PHC centers. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic content analysis. RESULTS Thirty interviews (14 patients and 16 health care providers) were conducted. A number of barriers to medication adherence were identified and classified broadly under three main themes: 1) patient-related factors, which included patients' individual characteristics and patients' perception, attitude, and behavior; 2) patient-provider factors, which included communication and having multiple health care providers caring for the patient; and 3) societal and environmental factors, which included social pressure and traveling to visit friends and relatives. CONCLUSION Patients with uncontrolled diabetes face multiple barriers to medication adherence. Similar themes emerged from both patients and their care providers. This research highlights the need for concerted multidimensional efforts and series of interventions to overcome these barriers. One vital intervention is expanding the scope of pharmacists' role within the PHC centers through providing medication reconciliation, patient-tailored medication counseling, and medicines use review, which may improve treatment outcomes among patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Jaam
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar,
| | | | - Nadir Kheir
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Awaisu
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar,
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