The general public's knowledge of diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study in Cameroon

Patients' and family members' knowledge, attitudes and perceived family support for SMBG in type 2 diabetes: a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

To examine the combined effects of the patient's and family members' knowledge, attitudes and perceived family support on self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) behaviour of patients with type 2 diabetes.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional design using the framework of knowledge-attitude-behaviour (KAB) combined with family support.

SETTING

Shanghai, China.

PARTICIPANTS

Seventy type 2 diabetes patient-family member dyads recruited from 26 residential committees in Shanghai were investigated. Twenty-three health providers were interviewed.

PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES

The knowledge, attitudes and perceived family support of patients' and their family members' data were measured through scales. Combined effects were analysed by a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) using fsQCA V.3.0. Other analyses and calculations were performed by STATA V.14.0.

RESULTS

SMBG was very poor (20%), and behaviour was characterised by 'multiple complications,' and 'all paths lead to the same destination' for patients. There were two solution paths toward patients' SMBG (solution coverage=0.4239, solution consistency=0.7604). One path was the combination of 'patients with low risk perception, the patients' and family members' perceived negative support', the other was the combination of 'patients with high risk perception, the patients' perceived negative support'. In both paths, basic knowledge serves as an auxiliary condition.

CONCLUSION

The study revealed that for patients with high and low risk perceptions that are relatively difficult to change, we could strengthen family support to achieve the desired SMBG behaviour. Knowledge is not a prerequisite to achieving SMBG. Moreover, negative family support plays a crucial role. Perceived family support by patients is more important than perceived family support by family members, which suggests that family members should improve support for patients so that the patients can perceive more family support.

Level of Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetic Emergencies Among Turkish Bus Drivers: Example of the Mediterranean Region

The objective of this research was to determine the level of knowledge and awareness of diabetic emergencies among Turkish bus drivers. Methods. The universe of this descriptive and cross-sectional study was all the individuals working as bus drivers in the Mediterranean Region between January-June 2019, and the study sample was 1292 drivers who met the inclusion criteria of the research. Data were collected by the Personal Information Form and the Diabetic Emergency Information and Awareness Survey Form. Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used in data evaluation. Results. The average age of bus drivers participating in the study was 38.29 ± 9.44 years, while their average work experience was 12.50 ± 8.92 years. Among them, 14.9% of bus drivers had a diabetic family member; 23.7% of bus drivers had a first aid certificate; 11.5% of bus drivers received diabetes-related training. The average score of drivers for the level of knowledge and awareness regarding diabetic emergencies was found to be 15.39 ± 4.72. There was a statistically significant difference between the drivers’ average scores for the level of knowledge and awareness and their age, education status, work experience, the presence of chronic disease, the presence of a diabetic family member, the presence of a first aid certificate, diabetes-related training, the place of receiving this training variables (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Bus drivers were found to have above average levels of knowledge and awareness of diabetic emergencies. Bus drivers are recommended to be trained on diabetic emergencies and raising awareness of diabetes mellitus to ensure a proper intervention in case of emergencies in individuals with diabetes mellitus during travels.

Use of the socio-ecological model to explore factors that influence the implementation of a diabetes structured education programme (EXTEND project) inLilongwe, Malawi and Maputo, Mozambique: a qualitative study

BACKGROUND

Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) programmes are vital for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management. However, they are limited in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). To address this gap, a DSMES, namedEXTEND was developed in Lilongwe (Malawi) and Maputo (Mozambique). This qualitative study aimed to explore factors that influence the implementation of DSMES in these settings.

METHODS

The Socio-ecological model was applied to explore factors influencing the implementation of DSMES in SSA. Data was analysed using the Framework method and constant comparative techniques. Sixty-six people participated in the study: people with T2DM who participated in the EXTEND programme; healthcare professionals (HCPs), EXTEND educators, EXTEND trainers, and stakeholders.

RESULTS

Our findings indicate that there is a need to develop an integrated and dedicated diabetes services in SSA healthcare systems, incorporating culturally adapted DSMES and tailored diabetes training to all professions involved in diabetes management. Traditional media and the involvement of community leaders were proposed as important elements to help engage and promote DSMES programmes in local communities. During the design and implementation of DSMES, it is important to consider individual and societal barriers to self-care.

CONCLUSION

Findings from this study suggest that multi-faceted factors play a significant role to the implementation of DSMES programmes in LICs. In the future, EXTEND could be incorporated in the development of diabetes training and dedicated diabetes services in SSA healthcare systems, acting as an educational tool for both people with T2DM and HCPs. This project was supported by the Medical Research Council GCRF NCDs Foundation Awards 2016 Development Pathway Funding.