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Lv H, Suo Y, Sun Q, Fan J, Wang Q. Study on the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy combined with cisplatin on human ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cells. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:147-156. [PMID: 36965469 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article explores the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with cisplatin (CDDP) on the apoptosis of human ovarian cancer cells and the mechanism of action of the combination therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into 5-ALA/PDT group, CDDP group and combined treatment group (5-ALA/PDT combined with different concentrations of CDDP). After administration of the corresponding drugs, a CCK-8 assay was used to detect the inhibition rate of cell proliferation. After Rhodamine 123 staining, mitochondrial membrane potential changes were observed under fluorescence microscopy. The apoptosis rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content were detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression. RESULTS The CCK-8 assay showed that CDDP in combination with 5-ALA/PDT significantly enhanced cytotoxicity compared to treatment with CDDP alone and that low doses of CDDP were sufficient to induce these combination effects. The mitochondrial membrane potential in each combination treatment group gradually decreased with increasing CDDP concentration, while the apoptosis rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content detected by flow cytometry gradually increased. Western blotting assay showed that the expression of bax, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP was increased, while the expression of bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP was decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In summary, 5-ALA/PDT combined with CDDP can effectively inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis, and this combination may induce apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Fifth Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuping Suo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Qian Sun
- Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingjing Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Fifth Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Wang X, Gong Q, Song C, Fang J, Yang Y, Liang X, Huang X, Liu J. Berberine-photodynamic therapy sensitizes melanoma cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis through ROS-mediated P38 MAPK pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 418:115484. [PMID: 33716044 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of cisplatin are limited due to its drug resistance. Thus, it is urgent to find effective combination therapy that sensitizes tumor cells to this drug. The combined chemo-photodynamic therapy could increase anti-tumor efficacy while also reduce the side effects of cisplatin. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid, which has been reported to show high photosensitizing activity. In this study, we have examined the effect of a combination of cisplatin and berberine-PDT in cisplatin-resistant melanoma cells. The cytotoxic effects of berberine-PDT alone or in combination with cisplatin were tested by MTT assays. We then examined the subcellular localization of berberine with confocal fluorescence microscopy. The percentage of apoptotic cells, the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assessed using flow cytometry analysis. Western blotting used in this study to determine the expression levels of MAPK signaling pathways and apoptosis-related proteins. Experimental data revealed that the mode of cell death is the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. Excessive accumulation of ROS played a key role in this process, which is confirmed by alleviation of cytotoxicity upon pretreatment with NAC. Furthermore, we found that the combined treatment activated MAPK signaling pathway. The inhibition of p38 MAPK by pretreating with SB203580 block the combined treatment-induced apoptotic cell death. In conclusion, berberine-PDT could be used as a chemo-sensitizer by promoting cell death through activation of a ROS/p38/caspase cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Qianyi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Changfeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jiaping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
| | - Xin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China; Natural Medicine and Health Food Research & Technology Innovation Team of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China; Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Oncological Photodynamic Therapy and Targeted Drug Research, China.
| | - Jianwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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Mahmood R, Khurshid A, Yousaf MS, Aalam M, Salman M, Ikram M. Effect of vitamin A as a neoadjuvant agent in chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy of Rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102088. [PMID: 33157333 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Combinational therapy is among the most used treatment modality's to increase cancer treatment efficacy. It may also reduce side effects, treatment time, and development of drug resistance. The effects of different analogues of vitamin A (VA) as neoadjuvant agent were observed in this study with chemotherapeutic drugs (doxorubicin and methotrexate) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5-ALA and Photogem as photosensitizers in RD cells. The uptake time of photosensitizer was optimized by means of spectrophotometric measurements. Diode laser (λ = 635 nm ± 1 nm) was used as an illumination source for PDT. Responses of administered drugs were assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. VA and its analogues exert prophylactic and therapeutic effects. Protective or antagonistic effects (CI > 1) were observed in each of the case. These results propose that the use of VA as a neoadjuvant agent in combinational therapeutic modalities may reduce the efficacy of cancer treatment protocols as well as the existing side effects. Thus, VA is not the successful drug for combinational therapies and under treatment cancer patients should try to avoid its use with oxidative stress induction therapies (e.g. PDT, Radiotherapy, chemotherapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mahmood
- Photomedicine Research Laboratory, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan.
| | - A Khurshid
- Photomedicine Research Laboratory, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan; Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan
| | - M S Yousaf
- Photomedicine Research Laboratory, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan
| | - M Aalam
- Department of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Salman
- Department of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Ikram
- Photomedicine Research Laboratory, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan; Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan
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Xue K, Wang YN, Zhao X, Zhang HX, Yu D, Jin CS. Synergistic effect of meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin-based photodynamic therapy followed by cisplatin on malignant Hep-2 cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5525-5536. [PMID: 31371990 PMCID: PMC6636612 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s198422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tumor drug resistance limits the response to chemotherapy. Interestingly, sequential combination therapy enhances the anticancer efficacy of drugs like cisplatin (CDDP) via synergistic effects. We assayed the synergistic effects of combined photodynamic therapy programmed death receptor-ligand 1 (PDT) and chemotherapy in malignant Hep-2 cells. Methods In the cultured Hep-2 cells, meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (m-THPC) and CDDP were administered separately or in combination. The cellular viability and apoptosis were assessed, accompanied by measurement of the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, ATG-7, and LC3 (LC3-I and LC3-II). Additionally, nuclear chromatin changes, drug retention, and PD-L1 expression were further investigated following different treatments. Results The sequential treatment significantly diminished cell viability and induced cell apoptosis, in consistency with the usage of single therapeutic strategies, as reflected by an increase in Bax expression and decrease of Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, ATG-7 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were reduced after administration of the sequential treatment. Synergetic effect of nuclear chromatin configuration, negative effects of cellular drug retention, and a decrease in PD-L1 expression were observed following the sequential treatment. Conclusion The application of sequential treatment of PDT in combination with chemotherapy offers a promising therapeutic option for cancer treatment, by regulating the PD-L1 expression, autophagy, and non-mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Nan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics & Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Shun Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
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Effects of cisplatin on photosensitizer-mediated photodynamic therapy in breast tumor-bearing nude mice. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2019; 62:112-119. [PMID: 30918879 PMCID: PMC6422844 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2019.62.2.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of cisplatin on photodynamic therapy (PDT) in breast cancer using a breast tumor-bearing mouse model. Methods In this study, breast tumor (experimental mammary tumour-6 cell)-bearing nude mice were used as experimental animals. Photolon® (photosensitizer, 2.5 mg/kg body weight [BW]) was injected intraperitoneally; after 2 hours, the tumors were irradiated (660 nm, 80 J/cm2) using a diode laser tool. Cisplatin (3 mg/kg BW) was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour before the Photolon® injection. Results Tumor volume increased over time in the control group and was not different from that in the cisplatin group. In the PDT group, the tumor volume increased on day 3, but not on day 7. In the cisplatin+PDT group, tumor volume increased on day 3 but decreased on day 7. There was no significant difference in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in tumor tissues between the control and cisplatin groups. The levels of TBARS in the cisplatin+PDT group were higher (47%) than those in the PDT group. Analysis of tumor tissue transcriptomes showed that the expression of genes related to the inflammatory response including CL and XCL genes increased, while that of Fn1 decreased in the cisplatin+PDT group compared with the PDT group. Conclusion These results suggest that cisplatin enhances the therapeutic effect of PDT in a breast tumor-bearing mouse model. However, further clinical studies involving patients with breast cancer is needed.
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Ali S, Muhammad S, Khurshid A, Ikram M, Maqsood M, Fisher C, Cathcart J, Lilge L. Effective phthalocyanines mediated photodynamic therapy with doxorubicin or methotrexate combination therapy at sub-micromolar concentrations in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 22:51-64. [PMID: 29476826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To improve a cancer patient's quality of life, short treatment duration resulting in rapid tumour removal while sparing normal tissue are highly desirable. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) commonly applied in a single treatment, while often effective can be limited at low photosensitizer or light doses. Combination therapies can overcome the efficacy limitations while not increasing treatment-associated morbidity. Here the efficacy of combination therapy comprised of doxorubicin (DOX) or methotrexate (MTX) with Photosens mediated PDT was investigated in three cell lines in vitro, employing multiple incubation sequences. Photosense is a mixture of aluminium phthalocyanines with different sulfonation. The results demonstrated higher synergistic effects when DOX or MTX-mediated chemotherapy preceded PDT light activation by 24 h. MTX is marginally more cytotoxic than DOX, when combined with Photosens (AlPcS2-4) mediated PDT. While MTX and DOX exposure prior to AlPcS2-4 incubation may enhance mitochondrial localisation photosensitizer, the simultaneous targeting of DNA, proteins, and lipids of the combination therapies leads to the observed high cytotoxicity at sub μM drug doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safdar Ali
- Department of Physics, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan; Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Saleh Muhammad
- Department of Physics, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmat Khurshid
- Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Masroor Ikram
- Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Maqsood
- Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Carl Fisher
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Judy Cathcart
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility at University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Lothar Lilge
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.
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