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Papa V, Furci F, Minciullo PL, Casciaro M, Allegra A, Gangemi S. Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer: Insights into Cellular and Molecular Pathways. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2025; 47:69. [PMID: 39996790 PMCID: PMC11854756 DOI: 10.3390/cimb47020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2025] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a non-ionizing radiation treatment that utilizes a photosensitizer in combination with light to produce singlet oxygen. This singlet oxygen induces anti-cancer effects by causing apoptotic, necrotic, or autophagic cell death in tumor cells. Currently, photodynamic therapy is employed in oncology to treat various cancers. In the presence of oxygen, this non-invasive approach leads to direct tumor cell death, damage to microvasculature, and the induction of a local inflammatory response. These effects allow photodynamic therapy to be effective in treating early-stage tumors, extending survival in cases where surgery is not feasible, and significantly improving quality of life. In this paper, we provide a state of the art on cytomolecular mechanisms and associated pathways involved in photodynamic therapy. By integrating these mechanistic insights with the most recent advancements in nanotechnology, this phototherapeutic approach has the potential to become a prevalent treatment option within conventional cancer therapies, enhancing its application in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Papa
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.P.); (P.L.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Fabiana Furci
- Provincial Healthcare Unit, Section of Allergy, 89900 Vibo Valentia, Italy;
| | - Paola Lucia Minciullo
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.P.); (P.L.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.P.); (P.L.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.P.); (P.L.M.); (S.G.)
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Ma Y, Cong L, Shen W, Yang C, Ye K. Ferroptosis defense mechanisms: The future and hope for treating osteosarcoma. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4080. [PMID: 38924104 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Currently, challenges such as chemotherapy resistance, resulting from preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy, postoperative recurrence, and poor bone regeneration quality, are becoming increasingly prominent in osteosarcoma (OS) treatment. There is an urgent need to find more effective ways to address these issues. Ferroptosis is a novel form of iron-dependent programmed cell death, distinct from other forms of cell death. In this paper, we summarize how, through the three major defense systems of ferroptosis, not only can substances from traditional Chinese medicine, antitumor drugs, and nano-drug carriers induce ferroptosis in OS cells, but they can also be combined with immunotherapy, differentiation therapy, and other treatment modalities to significantly enhance chemotherapy sensitivity and inhibit tumor growth. Thus, ferroptosis holds great potential in treating OS, offering more choices and possibilities for future clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liming Cong
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunwang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kaishan Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Liu YJ, Dong SH, Hu WH, Chen QL, Zhang SF, Song K, Han ZC, Li MM, Han ZT, Liu WB, Zhang XS. A multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform for image-guideded photothermal-ferroptotic synergistic osteosarcoma therapy. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:157-167. [PMID: 38463554 PMCID: PMC10924166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Much effort has been devoted to improving treatment efficiency for osteosarcoma (OS). However, most current approaches result in poor therapeutic responses, thus indicating the need for the development of other therapeutic options. This study developed a multifunctional nanoparticle, PDA-MOF-E-M, an aggregation of OS targeting, programmed death targeting, and near-infrared (NIR)-aided targeting. At the same time, a multifunctional nanoparticle that utilises Fe-MOFs to create a cellular iron-rich environment and erastin as a ferroptosis inducer while ensuring targeted delivery to OS cells through cell membrane encapsulation is presented. The combination of PDA-MOF-E-M and PTT increased intracellular ROS and LPO levels and induced ferroptosis-related protein expression. A PDA-based PTT combined with erastin showed significant synergistic therapeutic improvement in the anti-tumour efficiency of the nanoparticle in vitro and vivo. The multifunctional nanoparticle efficiently prevents the osteoclasia progression of OS xenograft bone tumors in vivo. Finally, this study provides guidance and a point of reference for clinical approaches to treating OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-jie Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology and Spine Tumor Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Su-he Dong
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Wen-hao Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qiao-ling Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shao-fu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhen-chuan Han
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Meng-meng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhi-tao Han
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-bo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xue-song Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
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Chang Q, Wang P, Zeng Q, Wang X. A review on ferroptosis and photodynamic therapy synergism: Enhancing anticancer treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28942. [PMID: 38601678 PMCID: PMC11004815 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent programmed cell death modality, which has showed great potential in anticancer treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used in clinic as an anticancer therapy. PDT combined with ferroptosis-promoting therapy has been found to be a promising strategy to improve anti-cancer therapy efficacy. Fenton reaction in ferroptosis can provide oxygen for PDT, and PDT can produce reactive oxygen species for Fenton reaction to enhance ferroptosis. In this review, we briefly present the importance of ferroptosis in anticancer treatment, mechanism of ferroptosis, researches on PDT induced ferroptosis, and the mechanism of the synergistic effect of PDT and ferroptosis on cancer killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Chang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Peiru Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qingyu Zeng
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Zeng J, Zhang X, Lin Z, Zhang Y, Yang J, Dou P, Liu T. Harnessing ferroptosis for enhanced sarcoma treatment: mechanisms, progress and prospects. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:31. [PMID: 38475936 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcoma is a malignant tumor that originates from mesenchymal tissue. The common treatment for sarcoma is surgery supplemented with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, patients have a 5-year survival rate of only approximately 60%, and sarcoma cells are highly resistant to chemotherapy. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent nonapoptotic type of regulated programmed cell death that is closely related to the pathophysiological processes underlying tumorigenesis, neurological diseases and other conditions. Moreover, ferroptosis is mediated via multiple regulatory pathways that may be targets for disease therapy. Recent studies have shown that the induction of ferroptosis is an effective way to kill sarcoma cells and reduce their resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Moreover, ferroptosis-related genes are related to the immune system, and their expression can be used to predict sarcoma prognosis. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanism underlying ferroptosis in detail, systematically summarize recent research progress with respect to ferroptosis application as a sarcoma treatment in various contexts, and point out gaps in the theoretical research on ferroptosis, challenges to its clinical application, potential resolutions of these challenges to promote ferroptosis as an efficient, reliable and novel method of clinical sarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengjun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Pengcheng Dou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Huang Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Xiong L, Wang Y, Wen Y. Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Ferroptosis Is a Synergistic Antitumor Therapy Strategy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5043. [PMID: 37894410 PMCID: PMC10604985 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a programmed death mode that regulates redox homeostasis in cells, and recent studies suggest that it is a promising mode of tumor cell death. Ferroptosis is regulated by iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and intracellular reducing substances, which is the mechanism basis of its combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 1O2 through type I and type II photochemical reactions, and subsequently induces ferroptosis through the Fenton reaction and the peroxidation of cell membrane lipids. PDT kills tumor cells by generating excessive cytotoxic ROS. Due to the limited laser depth and photosensitizer enrichment, the systemic treatment effect of PDT is not good. Combining PDT with ferroptosis can compensate for these shortcomings. Nanoparticles constructed by photosensitizers and ferroptosis agonists are widely used in the field of combination therapy, and their targeting and biological safety can be improved through modification. These nanoparticles not only directly kill tumor cells but also further exert the synergistic effect of PDT and ferroptosis by activating antitumor immunity, improving the hypoxia microenvironment, and inhibiting the tumor angiogenesis. Ferroptosis-agonist-induced chemotherapy and PDT-induced ablation also have good clinical application prospects. In this review, we summarize the current research progress on PDT and ferroptosis and how PDT and ferroptosis promote each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Zijian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
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Zhang F, Yan Y, Cai Y, Liang Q, Liu Y, Peng B, Xu Z, Liu W. Current insights into the functional roles of ferroptosis in musculoskeletal diseases and therapeutic implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1112751. [PMID: 36819098 PMCID: PMC9936329 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel type of cell death associated with iron accumulation and excessive lipid peroxidation. Elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis is intensively related to the development and treatment of multiple diseases, including musculoskeletal disorders. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the importance of oxidative stress in musculoskeletal conditions such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteosarcoma. Ferroptosis-derived clinical management of musculoskeletal diseases offers tremendous and attractive opportunities. Notably, ferroptosis agonists have been proven to enhance the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to conventional therapeutic strategies. In this review, we have mainly focused on the implications of ferroptosis regulation in the pathophysiology and therapeutic response of musculoskeletal disorders. Understanding roles of ferroptosis for controlling musculoskeletal diseases might provide directions for ferroptosis-driven therapies, which could be promising for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bi Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital University of South China, Hengyang, China
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