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Xi H, Jiang H, Juhas M, Zhang Y. Fluorescence detection of the human angiotensinogen protein by the G-quadruplex aptamer. Analyst 2022; 147:4040-4048. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schematic diagram of AGT detection by a G-quadruplex based fluorescent biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xi
- College of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Hanlin Jiang
- College of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Mario Juhas
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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Quantitation of novel pentavalent meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (Men A-TT, Men C-CRM, Men Y-CRM, Men W-CRM, Men X-TT) using sandwich ELISA. Vaccine 2020; 38:7815-7824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yokoyama S, Kawakami R, Tobiume A, Onishi K, Fujita T, Ozaki T, Miyake Y, Ishizawa M, Noma T, Shintani A, Kuroda Y, Minamino T. Time Course Changes in Urinary Angiotensinogen and Circulating N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Heart Failure. Intern Med 2020; 59:2839-2847. [PMID: 33191370 PMCID: PMC7725623 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5212-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Home care is important in patients with heart failure (HF) in order to maintain their quality of life. A biomarker that can be measured noninvasively is needed to optimize the home care of patients with HF. Urinary angiotensinogen (uAGT) is an indicator of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity, which may be augmented in HF. We hypothesized that uAGT might be a urinary biomarker in HF. Methods We measured uAGT by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and uAGT normalized by urinary creatinine (uCr)-designated uAGT/uCr-at admission and discharge in 45 patients hospitalized for HF. Results We found that both uAGT/uCr [median (interquartile range): 65.5 (17.1-127.7) μg/g Cr at admission; 12.1 (6.0-37.0) μg/g Cr at discharge; p<0.01] and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels [5,422 (2,280-9,907) pg/mL at admission; 903 (510-1,729) pg/mL at discharge; p<0.01] significantly decreased between admission and discharge along with an improvement in patient's clinical status [New York Heart Association scores: 3 (3-4) at admission; 1 (1-1) at discharge; p<0.01]. The generalized least squares model revealed that the time course changes in uAGT/uCr also correlated with those in NT-proBNP levels between admission and readmission in five patients readmitted for HF. Conclusion The results indicated that the time course changes in uAGT/uCr correlated with those in the NT-proBNP levels in patients with HF who showed a clinical improvement. Further investigation and development of a kit for the rapid measurement of uAGT are needed to evaluate the clinical utility of uAGT as a biomarker in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryo Kawakami
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tobiume
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Keisuke Onishi
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Takuro Fujita
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Taro Ozaki
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuichi Miyake
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishizawa
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Takahisa Noma
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Ayumi Shintani
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo Minamino
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
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Isobe-Sasaki Y, Fukuda M, Ogiyama Y, Sato R, Miura T, Fuwa D, Mizuno M, Matsuoka T, Shibata H, Ito H, Ono M, Abe-Dohmae S, Kiyono K, Yamamoto Y, Kobori H, Michikawa M, Hayano J, Ohte N. Sodium balance, circadian BP rhythm, heart rate variability, and intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and dopaminergic systems in acute phase of ARB therapy. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/11/e13309. [PMID: 28576855 PMCID: PMC5471446 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We have revealed that even in humans, activated intrarenal renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) enhances tubular sodium reabsorption to facilitate salt sensitivity and nondipper rhythm of blood pressure (BP), and that angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) could increase daytime urinary sodium excretion rate (UNaV) to produce lower sodium balance and restore nondipper rhythm. However, the sympathetic nervous system and intrarenal dopaminergic system can also contribute to renal sodium handling. A total of 20 patients with chronic kidney disease (61 ± 15 years) underwent 24‐h ambulatory BP monitoring before and during two‐day treatment with ARB, azilsartan. Urinary angiotensinogen excretion rate (UAGTV, μg/gCre) was measured as intrarenal RAAS; urinary dopamine excretion rate (UDAV, pg/gCre) as intrarenal dopaminergic system; heart rate variabilities (HRV, calculated from 24‐h Holter‐ECG) of non‐Gaussianity index λ25s as sympathetic nerve activity; and power of high‐frequency (HF) component or deceleration capacity (DC) as parasympathetic nerve activity. At baseline, glomerular filtration rate correlated inversely with UAGTV (r = −0.47, P = 0.04) and positively with UDAV (r = 0.58, P = 0.009). HF was a determinant of night/day BP ratio (β = −0.50, F = 5.8), rather than DC or λ25s. During the acute phase of ARB treatment, a lower steady sodium balance was not achieved. Increase in daytime UNaV preceded restoration of BP rhythm, accompanied by decreased UAGTV (r = −0.88, P = 0.05) and increased UDAV (r = 0.87, P = 0.05), but with no changes in HRVs. Diminished sodium excretion can cause nondipper BP rhythm. This was attributable to intrarenal RAAS and dopaminergic system and impaired parasympathetic nerve activity. During the acute phase of ARB treatment, cooperative effects of ARB and intrarenal dopaminergic system exert natriuresis to restore circadian BP rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Isobe-Sasaki
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michio Fukuda
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ogiyama
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryo Sato
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Miura
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fuwa
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizuno
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuhei Matsuoka
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroko Shibata
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ito
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Minamo Ono
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sumiko Abe-Dohmae
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Kiyono
- Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Yamamoto
- Department of Physical and Health Education, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Education, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobori
- International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Michikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junichiro Hayano
- Department of Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ohte
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Fuwa D, Fukuda M, Ogiyama Y, Sato R, Mizuno M, Miura T, Abe-Dohmae S, Michikawa M, Kobori H, Ohte N. Addition of hydrochlorothiazide to angiotensin receptor blocker therapy can achieve a lower sodium balance with no acceleration of intrarenal renin angiotensin system in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 17:1470320316652032. [PMID: 27283968 PMCID: PMC4940185 DOI: 10.1177/1470320316652032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) produce a lower sodium (Na) balance, and the natriuretic effect is enhanced under Na deprivation, despite falls in blood pressure (BP) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Methods: The effect of additional hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ; 12.5 mg/day) to ARB treatment (valsartan; 80 mg/day) on glomerulotubular Na balance was evaluated in 23 patients with chronic kidney disease. Results: Add-on HCTZ decreased GFR, tubular Na load, and tubular Na reabsorption (tNa), although 24-hour urinary Na excretion (UNaV) remained constant. Daily urinary angiotensinogen excretion (UAGTV, 152±10→82±17 μg/g Cre) reduced (p=0.02). Changes in tubular Na load (r2=0.26) and tNa (r2=0.25) correlated with baseline 24-hour UAGTV. Changes in filtered Na load correlated with changes in nighttime systolic BP (r2=0.17), but not with changes in daytime systolic BP. The change in the tNa to filtered Na load ratio was influenced by the change in daytime UNaV (β=−0.67, F=16.8), rather than the change in nighttime UNaV. Conclusions: Lower Na balance was produced by add-on HCTZ to ARB treatment without an increase of intra-renal renin-angiotensin system activity, leading to restoration of nocturnal hypertension. A further study is needed to demonstrate that the reduction of UAGTV by additional diuretics to ARBs prevents the progression of nephropathy or cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Fuwa
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Michio Fukuda
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ogiyama
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Ryo Sato
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizuno
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Miura
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Sumiko Abe-Dohmae
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Makoto Michikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | | | - Nobuyuki Ohte
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Urinary excretion of angiotensinogen [urine angiotensinogen (UAGT)] has been proposed as a biomarker of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity. We investigated the association between UAGT and salt-sensitivity and potassium-sensitivity of blood pressure (BP) among Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity study participants. METHODS The intervention consisted of a 7-day low-sodium diet (51.3 mmol sodium/day), 7-day high-sodium diet (307.8 mmol sodium/day), and 7-day high-sodium diet with potassium supplementation (307.8 mmol sodium/day and 60 mmol potassium/day). Twenty-four-hour UAGT was estimated at baseline and at the end of each intervention for 100 randomly selected participants. RESULTS Median UAGT (μg/24 h) and UAGT-to-creatinine ratio (UAGT/Cr, μg/g) were significantly reduced during the low-sodium and potassium-supplementation interventions and increased during the high-sodium intervention (both P = 0.01). Baseline log-transformed UAGT and UAGT/Cr ratio were significantly positively associated with BP at baseline and at the end of each intervention. For example, one standard deviation higher log-UAGT/Cr ratio (1.2 μg/g) was associated with a 5.0-mmHg (95% confidence interval 2.3-7.8) higher SBP at the end of the high-sodium intervention, after adjusting for multiple covariates (P = 0.003). In addition, one standard deviation higher log-UAGT/Cr ratio was associated with a 1.6-mmHg increase in age-adjusted and sex-adjusted SBP from the low-sodium intervention to the high-sodium intervention (95% confidence interval 0.1-3.1, P = 0.04). This association was no longer statistically significant after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSION These data indicate that elevated UAGT are associated with BP sodium sensitivity. Augmentation of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity may play an important role in developing salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Jang HR, Jeon J, Park JH, Lee JE, Huh W, Oh HY, Kim YG. Clinical relevance of urinary angiotensinogen and renin as potential biomarkers in patients with overt proteinuria. Transl Res 2014; 164:400-10. [PMID: 24929205 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) and renin have been reported to reflect the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity. However, the adequacy and clinical significance of these markers have not been evaluated in overtly proteinuric patients. In patients with biopsy-proven glomerulonephritis, plasma and urinary AGT and renin were analyzed. A cohort of 75 patients treated with RAS inhibitors was followed for 1 year. Among the 207 patients, 105 had subnephrotic and 102 had nephrotic-range proteinuria. Mean age, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (P/Cr) of all patients were 48 years, 79.7 mL/min/1.73 m(2), and 5.66 mg/mg, respectively. Both natural logarithm of urinary AGT/creatinine (ln [urinary AGT/Cr]) and ln (urinary renin/Cr) showed positive correlations with urinary P/Cr. There was a positive correlation between ln (urinary AGT/Cr) and ln (urinary renin/Cr). Ln (urinary renin/Cr) was not affected by ln (plasma renin) regardless of the degree of proteinuria. The treatment response to RAS inhibitors was greatest in patients with high urinary AGT and renin. However, the predictive value of those parameters was no longer present when the values were adjusted by the degree of proteinuria. Ln (urinary renin/Cr) and initial eGFR were independently associated with the changes in renal function for 1 year. Ln (urinary AGT/Cr) was associated with persistent overt proteinuria after 1 year. Our study suggests that urinary renin may be a better marker in heavy proteinuria, and the treatment response to RAS inhibitors may be enhanced in patients with high urinary renin and AGT. Further studies will be necessary to explore the value of urinary AGT and renin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryoun Jang
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseok Jeon
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Park
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseong Huh
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Young Oh
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Goo Kim
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Hoang HT, Le HT, Lee T, Kim BS, Ahn HJ, Kim TW, Shin MR, Ahn DR. An Immunoassay Utilizing DNA-Coated Cage Protein As a Signal Generator. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.8.2559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Development of four sandwich ELISAs for quantitation of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W and Y in multivalent vaccines. J Immunol Methods 2014; 407:58-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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An immunoassay utilizing the DNA-coated polydiacetylene micelles as a signal generator. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2675-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Carrara D, Bernini M, Bacca A, Rugani I, Duranti E, Virdis A, Ghiadoni L, Taddei S, Bernini G. Cholecalciferol administration blunts the systemic renin-angiotensin system in essential hypertensives with hypovitaminosis D. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2013; 15:82-7. [PMID: 23283825 DOI: 10.1177/1470320312471149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D plasma levels are negatively associated with blood pressure and cardiovascular mortality, and vitamin D supplementation reduces cardiovascular events. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) suppression may be one of the mechanisms involved. However, there are no interventional prospective studies demonstrating a reduction in circulating RAS components after vitamin D treatment. METHODS Fifteen consecutive drug-free patients with essential hypertension and hypovitaminosis D underwent therapy with an oral dose of 25000 I.U. of cholecalciferol once a week for two months, while maintaining a constant-salt diet. In basal conditions and at the end of the study, RAS activity (plasma angiotensinogen, renin, PRA, angiotensin II, aldosterone and urinary angiotensinogen) was investigated, in addition to blood pressure and plasma vitamin D levels (25(OH)D). RESULTS After cholecalciferol administration, all patients exhibited normalized plasma 25(OH)D values. At the end of the study, a reduction (p < 0.05) in plasma renin and aldosterone, and a decrement, although not significant, of PRA and angiotensin II, was observed. No difference was found in plasma and urinary angiotensinogen or blood pressure values. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that in essential hypertensives with hypovitaminosis D, pharmacological correction of vitamin D levels can blunt systemic RAS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Carrara
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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Jang HR, Kim SM, Lee YJ, Lee JE, Huh W, Kim DJ, Oh HY, Kim YG. The origin and the clinical significance of urinary angiotensinogen in proteinuric IgA nephropathy patients. Ann Med 2012; 44:448-57. [PMID: 21366514 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2011.558518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) was reported as a marker of renal injury in chronic kidney disease patients. However, the main source of urinary AGT is unknown in proteinuric patients because the disrupted filtration barrier might cause AGT filtration. We investigated the origin and the clinical importance of urinary AGT in proteinuric IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients. METHODS In patients with biopsy-proven IgAN, urinary and plasma AGT was measured using a sandwich ELISA and compared with intrarenal AGT expression. The patients were followed up for 3 years. RESULTS Natural logarithm of the urinary AGT/creatinine (ln (urinary AGT/Cr)) was positively correlated with intrarenal expression of AGT (ln (urinary AGT/Cr) versus AGT/β-actin, r = 0.620, P < 0.0001; ln (urinary AGT/Cr) versus AGT density, r = 0.452, P = 0.007). Ln (urinary AGT/Cr) showed a positive correlation with urinary protein/creatinine ratio (PCR) but a negative correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Regression analyses showed that ln (urinary AGT/Cr) was a significant determinant of urinary PCR and eGFR 3 years after biopsy. CONCLUSIONS Urinary AGT reflects intrarenal AGT expression and correlates with the extent of proteinuria and renal function. Our study indicates the intrarenal compartment as the main source of urinary AGT, suggesting its clinical implication as an important biomarker in proteinuric IgAN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryoun Jang
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Konishi Y, Nishiyama A, Morikawa T, Kitabayashi C, Shibata M, Hamada M, Kishida M, Hitomi H, Kiyomoto H, Miyashita T, Mori N, Urushihara M, Kobori H, Imanishi M. Relationship between urinary angiotensinogen and salt sensitivity of blood pressure in patients with IgA nephropathy. Hypertension 2011; 58:205-11. [PMID: 21670416 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.166843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated previously that the blood pressure of patients with IgA nephropathy becomes salt sensitive as renal damage progresses. We also showed that increased urinary angiotensinogen levels in such patients closely correlate with augmented renal tissue angiotensinogen gene expression and angiotensin II levels. Here, we investigated the relationship between urinary angiotensinogen and salt sensitivity of blood pressure in patients with IgA nephropathy. Forty-one patients with IgA nephropathy consumed an ordinary salt diet (12 g/d of NaCl) for 1 week and a low-salt diet (5 g/d of NaCl) for 1 week in random order. The salt-sensitivity index was calculated as the reciprocal of the slope of the pressure-natriuresis curve drawn by linking 2 data points obtained during consumption of each diet. The urinary angiotensinogen:creatinine ratio was significantly higher in patients who consumed the ordinary salt diet compared with the low-salt diet (17.5 μg/g [range: 7.3 to 35.6 μg/g] versus 7.9 μg/g [range: 3.1 to 14.2 μg/g] of creatinine, respectively; P<0.001). The sodium sensitivity index in our patients positively correlated with the glomerulosclerosis score (r=0.43; P=0.008) and changes in logarithmic urinary angiotensinogen:creatinine ratio (r=0.37; P=0.017) but not with changes in urinary protein excretion (r=0.18; P=0.49). In contrast, changes in sodium intake did not alter the urinary angiotensinogen:creatinine ratio in patients with Ménière disease and normal renal function (n=9). These data suggest that the inappropriate augmentation of intrarenal angiotensinogen induced by salt and associated renal damage contribute to the development of salt-sensitive hypertension in patients with IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Konishi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-Hondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0021, Japan.
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Pharmacokinetic Study of ZS-1, a Targeted Peptide to NCI-H1299, in Rats Following Intravenous Administration. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-010-1818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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The importance of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 5:89-100. [PMID: 19065132 DOI: 10.1038/ncpneph1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that virtually every organ system in the human body possesses a local renin-angiotensin system (RAS). These local systems seem to be independently regulated and compartmentalized from the plasma circulation, perhaps with the exception of the vascular endothelial system, which is responsible for maintaining physiological plasma levels of RAS components. Among these local RASs, the kidney RAS--the focus of this Review--seems to be of critical importance for the regulation of blood pressure and salt balance. Indeed, overactivation of the intrarenal RAS in certain disease states constitutes a pathogenic mechanism that leads to tissue injury, proliferation, fibrosis and ultimately, end-organ damage. Intrarenal levels of angiotensin peptides are considerably higher than those in plasma or any other organ tissue. Moreover, the kidney has a unique capacity to degrade angiotensin peptides, perhaps to maintain its intrinsic homeostasis. Interestingly, each local RAS has a distinct enzymatic profile resulting in different patterns of angiotensin fragment generation in different tissues. A better understanding of the autocrine and paracrine mechanisms involved in the renal RAS and other local RASs might direct future organ-specific therapy.
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Takamatsu M, Urushihara M, Kondo S, Shimizu M, Morioka T, Oite T, Kobori H, Kagami S. Glomerular angiotensinogen protein is enhanced in pediatric IgA nephropathy. Pediatr Nephrol 2008; 23:1257-67. [PMID: 18421480 PMCID: PMC2441593 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-008-0801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is implicated in the development and progression of renal injury. To investigate whether angiotensinogen (AGT) expression is involved in glomerular RAS activity and glomerular injury, we examined glomerular AGT expression and its correlation with expression of other RAS components, and levels of glomerular injury in samples from patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) (23) and minor glomerular abnormalities (MGA) (8). Immunohistochemistry showed that AGT protein was highly expressed by glomerular endothelial cells (GEC) and mesangial cells in nephritic glomeruli of IgAN compared with glomeruli of MGA. Levels of glomerular AGT protein were well correlated with levels of glomerular angiotensin II (ang II), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), alpha-smooth-muscle actin, glomerular cell number, and glomerulosclerosis score but not with those of glomerular angiotensin-converting enzyme and ang II type 1 receptor. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analyses using cultured human GEC indicated that ang II upregulated AGT messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These data suggest that activated glomerular AGT expression is likely involved in elevated local ang II production and, thereby, may contribute to increased TGF-beta production and development of glomerular injury in IgAN. Augmentation of GEC-AGT production with ang II stimulation might drive further glomerular injury in a positive-feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Takamatsu
- grid.267335.60000000110923579Department of Pediatrics, The Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho-3-chome, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Maki Urushihara
- grid.267335.60000000110923579Department of Pediatrics, The Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho-3-chome, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Shuji Kondo
- grid.267335.60000000110923579Department of Pediatrics, The Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho-3-chome, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Maki Shimizu
- grid.267335.60000000110923579Department of Pediatrics, The Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho-3-chome, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Morioka
- grid.260975.f0000000106715144Department of Cellular Physiology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Oite
- grid.260975.f0000000106715144Department of Cellular Physiology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobori
- grid.265219.b0000000122178588Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA ,grid.265219.b0000000122178588Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Shoji Kagami
- grid.267335.60000000110923579Department of Pediatrics, The Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho-3-chome, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
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17
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Kobori H, Nangaku M, Navar LG, Nishiyama A. The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system: from physiology to the pathobiology of hypertension and kidney disease. Pharmacol Rev 2007; 59:251-87. [PMID: 17878513 DOI: 10.1124/pr.59.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 866] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the focus of interest on the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the pathophysiology of hypertension and organ injury has changed to a major emphasis on the role of the local RAS in specific tissues. In the kidney, all of the RAS components are present and intrarenal angiotensin II (Ang II) is formed by independent multiple mechanisms. Proximal tubular angiotensinogen, collecting duct renin, and tubular angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors are positively augmented by intrarenal Ang II. In addition to the classic RAS pathways, prorenin receptors and chymase are also involved in local Ang II formation in the kidney. Moreover, circulating Ang II is actively internalized into proximal tubular cells by AT1 receptor-dependent mechanisms. Consequently, Ang II is compartmentalized in the renal interstitial fluid and the proximal tubular compartments with much higher concentrations than those existing in the circulation. Recent evidence has also revealed that inappropriate activation of the intrarenal RAS is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of hypertension and renal injury. Thus, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms responsible for independent regulation of the intrarenal RAS. In this review, we will briefly summarize our current understanding of independent regulation of the intrarenal RAS and discuss how inappropriate activation of this system contributes to the development and maintenance of hypertension and renal injury. We will also discuss the impact of antihypertensive agents in preventing the progressive increases in the intrarenal RAS during the development of hypertension and renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kobori
- Department of Medicine, Director of the Molecular Core in Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, USA.
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Kobori H, Katsurada A, Ozawa Y, Satou R, Miyata K, Hase N, Suzaki Y, Shoji T. Enhanced intrarenal oxidative stress and angiotensinogen in IgA nephropathy patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 358:156-63. [PMID: 17482564 PMCID: PMC1978415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine whether immunoreactivity of intrarenal hemeoxygenase-1 and angiotensinogen are increased in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients. Hemeoxygenase-1 and angiotensinogen immunoreactivity were determined by immunohistochemistry robot system in renal specimens from 39 patients with IgAN. Normal portions of surgically resected kidney served as controls. IgAN patients showed moderate proteinuria (1.1+/-0.2 g/day); however, the control group did not show any proteinuria. Immunoreactivity of intrarenal hemeoxygenase-1 and angiotensinogen in IgAN were significantly increased compared to normal kidneys (2.42+/-0.42 vs 1.00+/-0.26 for hemeoxygenase-1 and 4.05+/-0.40 vs 1.00+/-0.21 for angiotensinogen, arbitrary unit). Even though these IgAN patients did not show massive renal damage, hemeoxygenase-1 and angiotensinogen immunoreactivity were increased in these patients at this time point. These data suggest that activated intrarenal reactive oxygen species-angiotensinogen axis plays some roles in development of IgAN at the early stage and will provide supportive foundation of effectiveness of the renin-angiotensin system blockade in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kobori
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, USA.
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Yamamoto T, Nakagawa T, Suzuki H, Ohashi N, Fukasawa H, Fujigaki Y, Kato A, Nakamura Y, Suzuki F, Hishida A. Urinary angiotensinogen as a marker of intrarenal angiotensin II activity associated with deterioration of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:1558-65. [PMID: 17409316 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2006060554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), enhanced intrarenal angiotensin II (AngII) is involved in deterioration of renal function, but it is difficult to measure it. For assessment of the potential of urinary angiotensinogen as a marker of intrarenal AngII activity, the correlation of plasma and urinary renin-angiotensin system components, including angiotensinogen, with deterioration of renal function was investigated in 80 patients who had CKD and were not treated with AngII blocking agents. Changes that were induced by 14 d of losartan treatment (25 mg/d) were also measured in 28 patients. Angiotensinogen was measured by RIA of AngI after incubation with renin. Urinary angiotensinogen levels were greater in patients with low estimated GFR and elevated urinary protein and type IV collagen and correlated with renal AngII and type I collagen immunostaining intensities. The risk for deterioration of renal function (i.e., estimated GFR decline of >2.5 ml/min per yr) during a mean follow-up period of 23 mo (maximum 43 mo) was associated with urinary angiotensinogen of >3.0 nmol AngI equivalent per 1 g of urinary creatinine (AngI Eq/g Cre) at enrollment (hazard ratio 3.52). The event-free survival for deterioration of renal function was better in patients with urinary angiotensinogen <3.0 nmol AngI Eq/g Cre than those >3.0 nmol AngI Eq/g Cre. Losartan reduced urinary and plasma angiotensinogen, urinary protein and type IV collagen, and systolic BP, despite concomitant increases in plasma renin and AngII. These data suggest that urinary angiotensinogen is a potentially suitable marker of intrarenal AngII activity associated with increased risk for deterioration of renal function in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Yamamoto
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Kobori H, Ozawa Y, Suzaki Y, Prieto-Carrasquero MC, Nishiyama A, Shoji T, Cohen EP, Navar LG. Young Scholars Award Lecture: Intratubular angiotensinogen in hypertension and kidney diseases. Am J Hypertens 2006; 19:541-50. [PMID: 16647630 PMCID: PMC2063567 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings related to the renin-angiotensin system have provided a more elaborated understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertension and kidney diseases. These findings have led to unique concepts and issues regarding the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system. Angiotensinogen is the only known substrate for renin that is the rate-limiting enzyme of the renin-angiotensin system. Because the level of angiotensinogen in human beings is close to the Michaelis-Menten constant value for renin, changes in angiotensinogen levels can control the activity of the renin-angiotensin system, and its upregulation may lead to elevated angiotensin peptide levels and increases in blood pressure. Enhanced intrarenal angiotensinogen mRNA or protein levels or both have been observed in multiple models of hypertension including angiotensin II-dependent hypertensive rats, Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats, and spontaneously hypertensive rats, as well as in kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, and radiation nephropathy. Renal angiotensinogen is formed primarily in proximal tubular cells and is secreted into the tubular fluid. Urinary angiotensinogen excretion rates show a clear relationship to kidney angiotensin II contents and kidney angiotensinogen levels, suggesting that urinary angiotensinogen may serve as an index of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system status. Establishment of concise and accurate methods to measure human angiotensinogen may allow clinical studies that would provide important information regarding the roles of intrarenal angiotensinogen in the development and progression of hypertension and kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kobori
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
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