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Mhlongo JT, Waddad AY, Albericio F, de la Torre BG. Antimicrobial Peptide Synergies for Fighting Infectious Diseases. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300472. [PMID: 37407512 PMCID: PMC10502873 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential elements of thehost defense system. Characterized by heterogenous structures and broad-spectrumaction, they are promising candidates for combating multidrug resistance. Thecombined use of AMPs with other antimicrobial agents provides a new arsenal ofdrugs with synergistic action, thereby overcoming the drawback of monotherapiesduring infections. AMPs kill microbes via pore formation, thus inhibitingintracellular functions. This mechanism of action by AMPs is an advantage overantibiotics as it hinders the development of drug resistance. The synergisticeffect of AMPs will allow the repurposing of conventional antimicrobials andenhance their clinical outcomes, reduce toxicity, and, most significantly,prevent the development of resistance. In this review, various synergies ofAMPs with antimicrobials and miscellaneous agents are discussed. The effect ofstructural diversity and chemical modification on AMP properties is firstaddressed and then different combinations that can lead to synergistic action,whether this combination is between AMPs and antimicrobials, or AMPs andmiscellaneous compounds, are attended. This review can serve as guidance whenredesigning and repurposing the use of AMPs in combination with other antimicrobialagents for enhanced clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T. Mhlongo
- KwaZulu‐Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP)School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
- Peptide Science LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4000South Africa
| | - Ayman Y. Waddad
- Peptide Science LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4000South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4000South Africa
- CIBER‐BBNNetworking Centre on BioengineeringBiomaterials and Nanomedicineand Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelona08028Spain
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KwaZulu‐Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP)School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
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Our Experience over 20 Years: Antimicrobial Peptides against Gram Positives, Gram Negatives, and Fungi. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010040. [PMID: 36678669 PMCID: PMC9862542 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is rapidly increasing, and new anti-infective therapies are urgently needed. In this regard, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may represent potential candidates for the treatment of infections caused by multiresistant microorganisms. In this narrative review, we reported the experience of our research group over 20 years. We described the AMPs we evaluated against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungi. In conclusion, our experience shows that AMPs can be a key option for treating multiresistant infections and overcoming resistance mechanisms. The combination of AMPs allows antibiotics and antifungals that are no longer effective to exploit the synergistic effect by restoring their efficacy. A current limitation includes poor data on human patients, the cost of some AMPs, and their safety, which is why studies on humans are needed as soon as possible.
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Fioriti S, Cirioni O, Simonetti O, Franca L, Candelaresi B, Pallotta F, Neubauer D, Kamysz E, Kamysz W, Canovari B, Brescini L, Morroni G, Barchiesi F. In Vitro Activity of Novel Lipopeptides against Triazole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080872. [PMID: 36012859 PMCID: PMC9409728 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillosis, which is mainly sustained by Aspergillus fumigatus, includes a broad spectrum of diseases. They are usually severe in patients with co-morbidities. The first-line therapy includes triazoles, for which an increasing incidence of drug resistance has been lately described. As a consequence of this, the need for new and alternative antifungal molecules is absolutely necessary. As peptides represent promising antimicrobial molecules, two lipopeptides (C14-NleRR-NH2, C14-WRR-NH2) were tested to assess the antifungal activity against azole-resistant A. fumigatus. Antifungal activity was evaluated by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), time–kill curves, XTT assay, optical microscopy, and checkerboard combination with isavuconazole. Both lipopeptides showed antifungal activity, with MICs ranging from 8 mg/L to 16 mg/L, and a dose-dependent effect was confirmed by both time–kill curves and XTT assays. Microscopy showed that hyphae growth was hampered at concentrations equal to or higher than MICs. The rising antifungal resistance highlights the usefulness of novel compounds to treat severe fungal infections. Although further studies assessing the activity of lipopeptides are necessary, these molecules could be effective antifungal alternatives that overcome the current resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Fioriti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Oscar Cirioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Oriana Simonetti
- Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Franca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, 61122 Pesaro, Italy
| | - Bianca Candelaresi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Pallotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kamysz
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Biological Macromolecules, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Benedetta Canovari
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, 61122 Pesaro, Italy
| | - Lucia Brescini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0712206298; Fax: +39-0712206297
| | - Francesco Barchiesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, 61122 Pesaro, Italy
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Efficacy of Cathelicidin LL-37 in an MRSA Wound Infection Mouse Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101210. [PMID: 34680791 PMCID: PMC8532939 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: LL-37 is the only human antimicrobial peptide that belongs to the cathelicidins. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of LL-37 in the management of MRSA-infected surgical wounds in mice. Methods: A wound on the back of adult male BALB/c mice was made and inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus. Two control groups were formed (uninfected and not treated, C0; infected and not treated, C1) and six contaminated groups were treated, respectively, with: teicoplanin, LL-37, given topically and /or systemically. Histological examination of VEGF expression and micro-vessel density, and bacterial cultures of wound tissues, were performed. Results: Histological examination of wounds in the group treated with topical and intraperitoneal LL-37 showed increased re-epithelialization, formation of the granulation tissue, collagen organization, and angiogenesis. Conclusions: Based on the mode of action, LL-37 has a potential future role in the management of infected wounds.
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Su S, Yan H, Min L, Wang H, Chen X, Shi J, Sun S. The antifungal activity of caspofungin in combination with antifungals or non-antifungals against Candida species in vitro and in clinical therapy. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021; 20:161-178. [PMID: 34128761 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1941868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Candida species have been regarded as global health threats due to their ability to cause invasive infections. It is challenging to treat Candida bloodstream infections, which are associated with high mortality levels. Monotherapy with antifungals is sometimes not effective against severe Candida infections, and combination therapy is needed in clinical practice.Areas covered: This review was undertaken based on data from a PubMed search for English language reports published before March 2021 by using the terms 'caspofungin,' 'Candida species,' 'combination therapy,' 'antifungal effect,' and 'novel antifungal agent.'Expert opinion: Combination therapy is an empirical strategy for treating refractory Candida infections. Caspofungin has been recommended to treat candidaemia. Caspofungin in combination therapy has some applications, while the efficacy of combination therapy in the treatment of refractory Candida infections needs more study, such as randomized controlled trials. In addition, novel compounds or drugs with potential antifungal activities have been examined, and some of them exhibit synergistic interactions with caspofungin. Thus, the antifungal activity of caspofungin in combination with antifungals or non-antifungals against Candida species in vitro and in clinical therapy is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Su
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zibo Sixth People's Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Effects of (1 E,4 E)-2-Methyl-1,5-bis(4-nitrophenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one on Trypanosoma cruzi and Its Combinational Effect with Benznidazole, Ketoconazole, or Fluconazole. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7254193. [PMID: 28620619 PMCID: PMC5460392 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7254193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the activity induced by (1E,4E)-2-methyl-1,5-bis(4-nitrophenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (A3K2A3) against Trypanosoma cruzi. This compound showed trypanocidal activity against the multiplicative epimastigote and amastigote forms of this protozoan, with IC50 values of 1.99 ± 0.17 and 1.20 ± 0.16 μM, respectively, and EC50 value of 15.57 ± 0.34 μM against trypomastigotes. The combination of A3K2A3 with benznidazole or ketoconazole demonstrated strong synergism, increasing effectiveness against trypomastigotes or epimastigotes of T. cruzi. In addition, the drug combination of A3K2A3 with benznidazole or ketoconazole on LLCMK2 cells demonstrated an antagonist effect, which resulted in greater protection of the cells from drug damage. The combination of the compound with fluconazole was not effective. Transmission and scanning electron micrographs showed changes on parasites, mainly in the cytoplasmatic membrane, nucleus, mitochondrion, and Golgi complex, and a large increase in the number of autophagosome-like structures and lipid-storage bodies, accompanied by volume reduction and rounding of the parasite. A3K2A3 might be a promising compound against T. cruzi.
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Simonetti O, Cirioni O, Ghiselli R, Orlando F, Silvestri C, Mazzocato S, Kamysz W, Kamysz E, Provinciali M, Giacometti A, Guerrieri M, Offidani A. In vitro activity and in vivo animal model efficacy of IB-367 alone and in combination with imipenem and colistin against Gram-negative bacteria. Peptides 2014; 55:17-22. [PMID: 24531033 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of IB-367 and its bactericidal effect for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, associated to a synergic study to test the antibiotic combinations between the peptide and colistin or imipenem. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), the synergy test and killing study were carried out to evaluate the IB-367 activity. In the in vivo model, a wound was incised through the panniculus carnosus of BALB/c mice, and then inoculated with 5 × 107 colony-forming units of P. aeruginosa and E. coli. For each strain, the study included an infected or not infected group that did not receive any treatment, and five contaminated groups treated with local IB- 367, intraperitoneal imipenem, intraperitoneal colistin, topical IB-367 local plus intraperitoneal imipenem or intraperitoneal colistin. All isolates were inhibited by IB-367 at concentrations of 4-64 mg/l. Killing by IB-367 was shown to be very rapid: its activity on all Gram-negative bacteria was completed within a 40 min exposure period at a concentration of 2 × MIC/l. Synergy was demonstrated when IB-367 was combined with colistin or imipenem. In in vivo studies, the groups treated with topical IB-367 and intraperitoneal colistin showed the best results in terms of bacterial load inhibition either for Pseudomonas or for E. coli. The good in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy, as well as, the synergic interactions with antibiotics suggest that IB-367 is a promising candidate for potential application in the treatment of wound Gram-negative infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Simonetti
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche - Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Oscar Cirioni
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche - Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Ghiselli
- General Surgery and Surgery Methodology Clinic, Università Politecnica delle Marche - Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Orlando
- Experimental Animal Models for Aging Units, Research Department, I.N.R.C.A. I.R.R.C.S., Ancona, Italy
| | - Carmela Silvestri
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche - Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Susanna Mazzocato
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche - Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Mauro Provinciali
- Experimental Animal Models for Aging Units, Research Department, I.N.R.C.A. I.R.R.C.S., Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacometti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche - Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mario Guerrieri
- General Surgery and Surgery Methodology Clinic, Università Politecnica delle Marche - Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche - Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
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Simonetti O, Silvestri C, Arzeni D, Cirioni O, Kamysz W, Conte I, Staffolani S, Orsetti E, Morciano A, Castelli P, Scalise A, Kamysz E, Offidani AM, Giacometti A, Barchiesi F. In vitroactivity of the protegrin IB-367 alone and in combination compared with conventional antifungal agents against dermatophytes. Mycoses 2013; 57:233-9. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Simonetti
- Department of Dermatology; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Carmela Silvestri
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Daniela Arzeni
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Oscar Cirioni
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | | | - Irene Conte
- Department of Dermatology; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Silvia Staffolani
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Elena Orsetti
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Angela Morciano
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Pamela Castelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Alessandro Scalise
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Elzbieta Kamysz
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Anna Maria Offidani
- Department of Dermatology; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Andrea Giacometti
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Francesco Barchiesi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
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Fluconazole assists berberine to kill fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:6016-27. [PMID: 24060867 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00499-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It was found in our previous study that berberine (BBR) and fluconazole (FLC) used concomitantly exhibited a synergism against FLC-resistant Candida albicans in vitro. The aim of the present study was to clarify how BBR and FLC worked synergistically and the underlying mechanism. Antifungal time-kill curves indicated that the synergistic effect of the two drugs was BBR dose dependent rather than FLC dose dependent. In addition, we found that BBR accumulated in C. albicans cells, especially in the nucleus, and resulted in cell cycle arrest and significant change in the transcription of cell cycle-related genes. Besides BBR, other DNA intercalators, including methylene blue, sanguinarine, and acridine orange, were all found to synergize with FLC against FLC-resistant C. albicans. Detection of intracellular BBR accumulation by fluorescence measurement showed that FLC played a role in increasing intracellular BBR concentration, probably due to its effect in disrupting the fungal cell membrane. Similar to the case with FLC, other antifungal agents acting on the cell membrane were able to synergize with BBR. Interestingly, we found that the efflux of intracellular BBR was FLC independent but strongly glucose dependent and associated with the drug efflux pump Cdr2p. These results suggest that BBR plays a major antifungal role in the synergism of FLC and BBR, while FLC plays a role in increasing the intracellular BBR concentration.
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Valdez RH, Tonin LTD, Ueda-Nakamura T, Silva SO, Dias Filho BP, Kaneshima EN, Yamada-Ogatta SF, Yamauchi LM, Sarragiotto MH, Nakamura CV. In vitro and in vivo trypanocidal synergistic activity of N-butyl-1-(4-dimethylamino)phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxamide associated with benznidazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:507-12. [PMID: 22037851 PMCID: PMC3256043 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05575-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
American trypanosomiasis, or Chagas' disease, is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and affects around 15 million people throughout the American continent. The available treatment is based on two nitroheterocyclic drugs, nifurtimox and benznidazole, both only partially effective and toxic. In this context, new drugs must be found. In our previous work, the tetrahydro-β-carboline compound N-butyl-1-(4-dimethylamino)phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxamide, named C4, showed a potent in vitro trypanocidal effect. The goal of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo trypanocidal effects of the compound C4 associated with other drugs (benznidazole, ketoconazole, and amphotericin B). For this, we used the checkerboard technique to analyze the effect of combinations of C4 reference drugs. C4 was assayed in a murine model alone as well as in association with benznidazole. We also evaluated the parasitemia, mortality, weight, and presence of amastigote nests in cardiac tissue. A synergic effect of C4 plus benznidazole against epimastigote and trypomastigote forms was observed in vitro, and in the murine model, we observed a substantial reduction in parasitemia levels and lowered mortality rates. These findings encourage supplementary investigations of carboline compounds as potential new trypanocidal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Hinojosa Valdez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Tânia Ueda-Nakamura
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada aos Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sueli Oliveira Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada aos Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Benedito Prado Dias Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada aos Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Edilson Nobuyoshi Kaneshima
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada aos Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucy Megumi Yamauchi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada aos Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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