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Xun W, Gong B, Liu X, Yang X, Zhou X, Jin L. Antifungal Mechanism of Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid against Pestalotiopsis kenyana. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11274. [PMID: 37511033 PMCID: PMC10379350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pestalotiopsis sp. is an important class of plant pathogenic fungi that can infect a variety of crops. We have proved the pathogenicity of P. kenyana on bayberry leaves and caused bayberry blight. Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) has the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity, and environmental friendliness, which can prevent fungal diseases on a variety of crops. In this study, the effect of PCA on the morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics of P. kenyana has been investigated, and the potential antifungal mechanism of PCA against P. kenyana was also explored. We applied PCA on P. kenyana in vitro and in vivo to determine its inhibitory effect on PCA. It was found that PCA was highly efficient against P. kenyana, with EC50 around 2.32 μg/mL, and the in vivo effect was 57% at 14 μg/mL. The mechanism of PCA was preliminarily explored by transcriptomics technology. The results showed that after the treatment of PCA, 3613 differential genes were found, focusing on redox processes and various metabolic pathways. In addition, it can also cause mycelial development malformation, damage cell membranes, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, and increase ROS levels. This result expanded the potential agricultural application of PCA and revealed the possible mechanism against P. kenyana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Xun
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bing Gong
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xingxin Liu
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiuju Yang
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Tea, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Linhong Jin
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Li N, Wu YX, Zhang YD, Wang SR, Zhang GC, Yang J. Phytic acid is a new substitutable plant-derived antifungal agent for the seedling blight of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica caused by Fusarium oxysporum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105341. [PMID: 36963923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA) is a new substitutable plant-derived antifungal agent; however, few reports have been published regarding its antifungal effects on pathogenic fungi. The present study explored the in vitro antifungal activity of PA against four phytopathogenic fungi and found that PA was the most effective at inhibiting the growth of Fusarium oxysporum. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo and in vitro antifungal activities of PA against the seedling blight of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica caused by F. oxysporum and to determine its possible mechanism of action. The results showed that PA inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of F. oxysporum in a concentration-dependent manner and exhibited strong inhibition when its concentration exceeded 1000 mg/L. It mainly destroyed the integrity of the cell membrane, increasing its cell membrane permeability, causing the cell contents to spill out, and impairing fungal growth. In addition, the leakage of intercellular electrolytes and soluble proteins indicated that PA used at its EC20 and EC50 increased the membrane permeability of F. oxysporum. The increase in malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content confirmed that PA treatment at its EC20 and EC50 damaged the cell membrane of the pathogen. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that PA affected the morphology of mycelia, causing them to shrivel, distort, and break. Furthermore, PA significantly reduced the activities of the antioxidant-related enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as that of the pathogenicity-related enzymes polygalacturonase, pectin lyase, and endoglucanase (EG) in F. oxysporum (P < 0.05). In particular, EG enzyme activity was maximally inhibited in F. oxysporum treated with PA at its EC50. Moreover, PA significantly inhibited the incidence of disease, and growth indices in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seedling blight was determined. In summary, PA has a substantial inhibitory effect on F. oxysporum. Therefore, PA could serve as a new substitutable plant-derived antifungal agent for the seedling blight of P. sylvestris var. mongolica caused by F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yu-Xuan Wu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yun-Di Zhang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shu-Ren Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Guo-Cai Zhang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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Song X, Zhao Q, Zhou A, Wen X, Li M, Li R, Liao X, Xu T. The Antifungal Effects of Citral on Magnaporthe oryzae Occur via Modulation of Chitin Content as Revealed by RNA-Seq Analysis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121023. [PMID: 34947005 PMCID: PMC8704549 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural product citral has previously been demonstrated to possess antifungal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae. The purpose of this study was to screen and annotate genes that were differentially expressed (DEGs) in M. oryzae after treatment with citral using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Thereafter, samples were reprepared for quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis verification of RNA-seq data. The results showed that 649 DEGs in M. oryzae were significantly affected after treatment with citral (100 μg/mL) for 24 h. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and a gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolic pathways, including the chitin synthesis pathway and UDP sugar synthesis pathway. The results of the RT-qPCR analysis also showed that the chitin present in M. oryzae might be degraded to chitosan, chitobiose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and β-D-fructose-6-phosphate following treatment with citral. Chitin degradation was indicated by damaged cell-wall integrity. Moreover, the UDP glucose synthesis pathway was involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, providing precursors for the synthesis of polysaccharides. Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, which is involved in the regulation of UDP-α-D-galactose and α-D-galactose-1-phosphate, was downregulated. This would result in the inhibition of UDP glucose (UDP-Glc) synthesis, a reduction in cell-wall glucan content, and the destruction of cell-wall integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Song
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qijun Zhao
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Aiai Zhou
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rongyu Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-151-8514-8063
| | - Xun Liao
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tengzhi Xu
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
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Ren H, Wu Y, Ahmed T, Qi X, Li B. Response of Resistant and Susceptible Bayberry Cultivars to Infection of Twig Blight Pathogen by Histological Observation and Gibberellin Related Genes Expression. Pathogens 2021; 10:402. [PMID: 33805451 PMCID: PMC8066835 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bayberry is an important fruit tree native to the subtropical regions of China. However, a systematic twig blight disease caused by Pestalotiopsis versicolor and P. microspora, resulted in the death of the whole tree of bayberry. The main variety Dongkui is highly sensitive to the twig blight disease, but the variety Zaojia is very highly resistant to the disease. Therefore, it is very necessary to clear the difference between resistant and susceptible varieties in response to the fungal infection. In this paper, we investigated the response of resistant and susceptible bayberry cultivars to infection of twig blight pathogen by histological observation and gibberellin signaling pathway-related genes expression. Microscopic observation revealed the difference in the infection process between resistant and susceptible varieties. The results of frozen scanning electron microscopy showed that the Pestalotiopsis conidia were shrunk, the mycelium was shriveled and did not extend into the cells of resistant cultivars, while the conidia were full and the top was extended, the mycelia was normal and continued to extend to the cells of a susceptible cultivar. Indeed, the medulla cells were almost intact in resistant cultivar, but obviously damaged in susceptible cultivar after inoculation of the main fungal pathogen P. versicolor conidia, which is earlier germinated on sterile glass slide than that of a hard plastic slide. The quantitative real-time PCR results showed a significant difference between resistant and susceptible cultivars in the expression of gibberellin signaling pathway-related genes in leaves and stems of bayberry, which is closely related to infection time, the type of genes and varieties. Overall, this study provides a clue for our understanding of the resistance mechanism of bayberry against the twig blight disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Ren
- The Institute of Horticulture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (H.R.); (X.Q.)
| | - Yangchun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China;
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Xingjiang Qi
- The Institute of Horticulture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (H.R.); (X.Q.)
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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