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Schmaljohn AL, Orlandi C, Lewis GK. Deciphering Fc-mediated Antiviral Antibody Functions in Animal Models. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1602. [PMID: 31379822 PMCID: PMC6652135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Longstanding discordances and enigmas persist as to the specificities and other properties of antibodies (Abs) most effective in preventing or limiting many viral infections in mammals; in turn, failure to decipher key complexities has added to headwinds for both Ab-based therapeutic approaches and rational vaccine design. More recently, experimental approaches have emerged-and continue to emerge-for discerning the functional role of Ab structure, especially the Fc portion of antibody, in combating viral infections in vivo. A wide range of in vitro measures of antibody activity, from neutralization to antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)-each of these terms representing only an operational notion defined by the particulars of a given assay-are poised for assignment of both relevance and reliability in forecasting outcomes of infection. Of the several emergent technical opportunities for clarity, attention here is drawn to three realms: the increasing array of known modifications that can be engineered into Abs to affect their in vivo activities; the improvement of murine models involving knockouts and knock-ins of host genes including Fc receptors; and the development of additional virological design tools to differentiate Abs that act primarily by inhibiting viral entry from antibodies that mainly target viral antigens (Ags) on cell surfaces. To illustrate some of the opportunities with either zoonotic (emerging, spillover) or ancient human-adapted viruses, we draw examples from a wide range of viruses that affect humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan L. Schmaljohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Alan L. Schmaljohn
| | - Chiara Orlandi
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - George K. Lewis
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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2
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Morschhauser F, Dekyndt B, Baillet C, Barthélémy C, Malek E, Fulcrand J, Bigot P, Huglo D, Décaudin B, Simon N, Odou P. A new pharmacokinetic model for 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan based on 3-dimensional dosimetry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14860. [PMID: 30291297 PMCID: PMC6173718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are key components in several therapies for cancer and inflammatory diseases but current knowledge of their clinical pharmacokinetics and distribution in human tissues remains incomplete. Consequently, optimal dosing and scheduling in clinics are affected. With sequential radiolabeled mAb-based imaging, radiation dosing in tissues/organs can be calculated to provide a better assessment of mAb concentrations in tissues. This is the first pharmacokinetic model of 90Y-Ibritumomab tiuxetan (90Y-IT) in humans to be described, based on three-dimensional (3D) dosimetry using single-photon emission computed-tomography coupled with computed-tomography. 19 patients with follicular lymphoma were treated initially with 90Y-IT in the FIZZ trial. Based on a compartmental approach individualising the vascular compartment within studied organs, this study proposes a reliable pharmacokinetic (PK) five-compartment model replacing the currently used two-compartment model and constitutes a new direction for further research. This model provides exchange constants between the different tissues, Area Under the Curve of 111In-IT in blood (AUC) and Mean Residence Time (MRT) that have not been reported so far for IT. Finally, the elimination process appears to occur in a compartment other than the liver or the spleen and suggests the metabolism of mAbs may take place mainly on the vascular compartment level.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Morschhauser
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associees, Lille, France. .,Haematology Department, Hôpital Claude Huriez, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - B Dekyndt
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associees, Lille, France.,Pharmacy Institute, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - C Baillet
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associees, Lille, France.,Nuclear Medicine department, Hôpital Claude Huriez, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - C Barthélémy
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associees, Lille, France
| | - E Malek
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associees, Lille, France
| | - J Fulcrand
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associees, Lille, France
| | - P Bigot
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associees, Lille, France
| | - D Huglo
- Nuclear Medicine department, Hôpital Claude Huriez, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - B Décaudin
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associees, Lille, France.,Pharmacy Institute, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - N Simon
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associees, Lille, France.,Pharmacy Institute, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - P Odou
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associees, Lille, France.,Pharmacy Institute, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
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3
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Pirich T, Zwickl-Traxler E, Pecherstorfer M, Singer J. Tolerability of obinutuzumab therapy in patients with rituximab-relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies - a retrospective single center cohort study. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29944-29956. [PMID: 30042825 PMCID: PMC6057460 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM In randomised clinical trials, the type II anti-CD20 antibody obinutuzumab has been shown to be more effective than rituximab for therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). However, this enhanced efficacy was linked with elevated rates of high-grade adverse events. The aim of this study was to assess the tolerability and toxicity profile of obinutuzumab treatment in routine patients with CLL and FL, of whom the majority had experienced toxicity or resistance to rituximab. METHODS This retrospective cohort study investigated fifteen obinutuzumab-treated patients, eight with CLL and seven with FL. The course of the disease, comorbidities and treatment-related toxicities were recorded. All patients with CLL and all but three FL patients had any form of pre-treatment with rituximab. RESULTS Between October 2014 and August 2017, 15 patients were treated with obinutuzumab at the University Hospital Krems. In the CLL-cohort, 1 patient (12,5%) developed pneumonia, 2 (25%) febrile neutropenia, 6 (75%) anemia and 7 (87,5%) thrombocytopenia, respectively. One patient exhibited an infusion-related allergic reaction. In the FL-cohort, 6 patients (85,7%) presented with thrombocytopenia, 3 (42,9%) with anemia and one patient with neutropenia. No sepsis or consecutive solid tumors were seen in any of the patients. CONCLUSION Obinutuzumab was mostly well tolerated in mild to heavily pre-treated patients with CLL and therapy-naïve or pre-treated patients with FL. The frequency and profile of adverse events and toxicity was comparable to data from previous clinical studies and could be managed adequately in the setting of a University Clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Pirich
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Zwickl-Traxler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Martin Pecherstorfer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Josef Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
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4
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Wang Z, Louras NJ, Lellouch AG, Pratts SG, Zhang H, Wang H, Huang CA, Cetrulo CL, Madsen JC, Sachs DH, Wang Z. Dosing optimization of CCR4 immunotoxin for improved depletion of CCR4 + Treg in nonhuman primates. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1374-1382. [PMID: 29873181 PMCID: PMC6068354 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have developed a diphtheria toxin‐based recombinant anti‐human CCR4 immunotoxin for targeting CCR4+ tumors and Tregs. In this study, we further optimized the dosing schedule for improved CCR4+ Treg depletion. We have demonstrated that up to a 90% depletion was achieved and the depletion extended to approximately 2 weeks in the peripheral blood and more than 48 days in the lymph node at 25 μg·kg−1, BID for 8 consecutive days in cynomolgus monkeys. Expansion was observed including monocytes and NK cells. Antibody against the CCR4 immunotoxin was detected after approximately 2 weeks, affecting further depletion efficacy for multiple course treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Wang
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan J Louras
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandre G Lellouch
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shannon G Pratts
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christene A Huang
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Curtis L Cetrulo
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joren C Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David H Sachs
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,TBRC Laboratories, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhirui Wang
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Stasiłojć G, Felberg A, Okrój M. Parameters critical for the effector mechanism of anti-CD20 antibodies revisited. Br J Haematol 2018; 180:777-779. [PMID: 29411875 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Stasiłojć
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Felberg
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Okrój
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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6
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Vendomèle J, Khebizi Q, Fisson S. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Anterior Chamber-Associated Immune Deviation (ACAID): What We Have Learned from Knockout Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1686. [PMID: 29250068 PMCID: PMC5714853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) is a well-known phenomenon that can occur after an antigen is introduced without any danger signal into the anterior chamber of a murine eye. It is reported to lead to an antigen-specific immune deviation throughout the body. Despite the relatively little evidence of this phenomenon in humans, it has been suggested as a potential prophylactic strategy in allograft rejections and in several autoimmune diseases. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of ACAID have been explored in different murine models mainly as proofs of concept, first by direct analyses of immune components in normal immunocompetent settings and by cell transfer experiments. Later, use of knockout (KO) mice has helped considerably to decipher ACAID mechanisms. However, several factors raise questions about the reliability and validity of studies using KO murine models. This mini-review summarizes results obtained with KO mice and discusses their advantages, their potential weaknesses, and their potential methods for further progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Vendomèle
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, INSERM, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Quentin Khebizi
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, INSERM, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Sylvain Fisson
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, INSERM, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
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7
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Vollack N, Friese J, Bergmann S, Cragg MS, Tiede A, Werwitzke S. Anti-FcγRIIB (CD32) Antibodies Differentially Modulate Murine FVIII-Specific Recall Response in vitro. Scand J Immunol 2017; 86:91-99. [PMID: 28561280 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) for IgG regulate adaptive immune responses by modulating activating and inhibitory signalling pathways within immune cells. Data from a haemophilia A mouse model demonstrate that genetic deletion or blockade of the inhibitory FcγR (CD32) suppresses the formation of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in vitro. Mechanisms preventing the FVIII-specific recall response, however, remain unclear. Here, the potential role of CD32 inhibition was studied by differentially modulating receptor activity with selected anti-CD32 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Splenocytes from immunized FVIII-/- mice were restimulated with FVIII in the absence or presence of different anti-CD32 mAbs over 6 days. At day 6, cytokine release was quantified from cell culture supernatant and the formation of FVIII-specific ASCs assessed. Binding of FVIII-containing immune complexes (F8-ICs) to bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMdDCs) was also investigated. The antagonistic CD32 mAb AT128 suppressed the formation of FVIII-specific ASCs and reduced secretion of IFN-γ and IL-10. In contrast, the agonistic mAbs AT130-2 and AT130-5, and their F(ab')2 fragments, allowed the formation of FVIII-specific ASCs, even though the full IgG of AT130-2 reduced binding of F8-ICs to CD32. Data suggest that an inhibitory signal is transmitted when F8-ICs bind to CD32 and that this signal is required during memory B cell (MBC) activation to support formation of FVIII-specific ASCs. If the inhibitory signal is lacking due to CD32 deletion or blockade with antagonistic anti-CD32 mAbs, FVIII-specific T cell stimulation and ASC formation are suppressed, whereas agonistic stimulation of CD32 restores T cell stimulation and ASC formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vollack
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Friese
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Bergmann
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Science Unit, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A Tiede
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Werwitzke
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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8
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Tobinai K, Klein C, Oya N, Fingerle-Rowson G. A Review of Obinutuzumab (GA101), a Novel Type II Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody, for the Treatment of Patients with B-Cell Malignancies. Adv Ther 2017; 34:324-356. [PMID: 28004361 PMCID: PMC5331088 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-016-0451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obinutuzumab (GA101) is a novel, type II, glycoengineered, humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that has been developed to address the need for new therapeutics with improved efficacy in patients with lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma of B-cell origin. Obinutuzumab has a distinct mode of action relative to type I anti-CD20 antibodies, such as rituximab, working primarily by inducing direct cell death and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Obinutuzumab is under investigation in a wide-ranging program of clinical trials in patients with B-cell malignancies. Efficacy as monotherapy has been reported in patients with relapsed/refractory indolent and aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) of B-cell origin. Improved outcomes have also been noted when obinutuzumab is added to chemotherapy in patients with B-cell NHL, and superiority over rituximab has been reported with combination therapy in patients with CLL. Ongoing research is focusing on developing options for chemotherapy-free treatment and on new combinations of obinutuzumab with novel targeted agents.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensei Tobinai
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Naoko Oya
- Oncology Lifecycle Management Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Mathis S, Vallat JM, Magy L. Novel immunotherapeutic strategies in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Immunotherapy 2016; 8:165-78. [PMID: 26809024 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a chronic immune-mediated neuropathy: it is clinically heterogeneous (relapsing-remitting form, chronic progressive form, monophasic form or CIDP having a Guillain-Barré syndrome-like onset), but potentially treatable. Although its pathophysiology remains largely unknown, CIDP is considered an immune-mediated neuropathy. Therefore, many immunotherapies have been proposed in this peripheral nervous system disorder, the most known efficient treatments being intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids and plasma exchange. However, these therapies remain unsatisfactory for many patients, so numerous other immunotherapeutic strategies have been evaluated, based on their immunosuppressant or immunomodulatory potency. We have performed a large review of the literature about treatment in CIDP, with a special emphasis on novel and alternative immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Mathis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Michel Vallat
- Department of Neurology, Centre de Référence "Neuropathies Périphériques Rares", University Hospital of Limoges, 2 Avenue Martin Luther King, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - Laurent Magy
- Department of Neurology, Centre de Référence "Neuropathies Périphériques Rares", University Hospital of Limoges, 2 Avenue Martin Luther King, 87042 Limoges, France
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